Известные алмазы: история, свойства и примеры

Notable individual diamonds

Diamonds become famous typically for some combination of their size, color and quality. Diamonds occur naturally in many different colors, so the largest diamond of a particular color may not be large in absolute terms, but it may still be considered very desirable. Diamonds may also have high valuations or sale prices, or go on to have a noteworthy ownership history, but this will tend to occur for diamonds that had some outstanding characteristic to begin with. As new diamonds are discovered, the uniqueness of existing ones may diminish and there is no agreed upon measure of a large or a high quality diamond, so strict inclusion criteria for notable diamonds are not attainable.

A diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. At room temperature and pressure, another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form, but diamond almost never converts to it. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are utilized in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. They are also the reason that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to pressures found deep in the Earth. The name diamond is derived from the ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas), "proper", "unalterable", "unbreakable", "untamed", from ἀ (a ), "un " + δαμάω (damáō), "I overpower", "I tame". Diamonds are thought to have been first recognized and mined in India, where significant alluvial deposits of the stone could be found many centuries ago along the rivers Penner, Krishna and Godavari. Diamonds have been known in India for at least 3,000 years but most likely 6,000 years. Diamonds have been treasured as gemstones since their use as religious icons in ancient India. Their usage in engraving tools also dates to early human history. The popularity of diamonds has risen since the 19th century because of increased supply, improved cutting and polishing techniques, growth in the world economy, and innovative and successful advertising campaigns.

Name Uncut weight (carat) Cut weight (carat) Color Country/region of origin Description Image 26th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union 342.57 yellow Russia / USSR Mined at the Mir kimberlitic pipe (Yakutia, Russia) in 1980. It is the largest gem diamond ever found in Russia or the former USSR. It is the size of a pigeon's egg and is currently kept (as of 2016) in the Russian Diamond Fund (Moscow Kremlin). — 4 February Stone (The Art of de GRISOGONO) 404.2 163.41 white Angola 27th largest white diamond found (at that time), and largest diamond from Angola, the 4 February diamond was found in early February 2016, and was cut into a flawless D color emerald shaped stone. — Akbar Shah 116 71.7 colorless India An Indian diamond which became famous during the days of the Mughal Empire. A diamond with a roughly pear shaped outline and random faceting, including two Persian inscriptions, the first reading "Shah Akbar, the Grand King, 1028 A. H." (the letters mean Anno Hegirae). The second inscription read "To the Lord of Two Worlds, 1039 A. H. Shah Jehan". The diamond was reportedly part of the original Peacock Throne. Purchased in 1886 in Istanbul by London merchant George Blogg, who re cut it from to a pear shape of , thus destroying the historic inscriptions. Blogg sold the stone in 1887 to Malhar Rao Gaekwad of Baroda, India who was the last known owner and the stone's whereabouts are presently unknown. — Alexander Pushkin after one of its owners, Major Alfred Ernest Allnatt. The diamond was sold for a little more than $3 million at Christie's auction in Geneva in May 1996. Allnatt Amarillo Starlight 16.37 7.54 colorless United States The largest diamond found by a park visitor in the Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas since 1972, when it was established as a state park. It was found by W. W. Johnson of Amarillo, Texas in 1975 and was a 16.37 carats (3.27 g) white diamond, but it has since been cut into a 7.54 carats (1,510 mg) marquise shape. — Amsterdam Diamond 33.74 black Africa A 33.74 carat (6.748 g) pear shaped black diamond which sold for $352,000 in 2001. — Archduke Joseph 78.54 76.02 colorless India Historical cushion shaped, D colour, internally flawless Golconda diamond, sold on 13 November 2012 by Christies to an anonymous buyer for $21.4M. — Argyle Pink Jubilee 12.76 8.01 pink Australia Argyle Pink Jubilee is the largest pink diamond ever found in Australia weighing 12.76 carats. The diamond was found in Western Australia in Argyle Mine who is the largest producer of pink diamonds in the world. — Ashberg Diamond 102.48 amber South Africa — Aurora Butterfly of Peace Russia South Africa Brazil Australia A display of 240 fancy colored diamonds. The 240 diamonds Aurora Pyramid of Hope A display of 296 diamonds of natural colors. The 296 diamonds Beau Sancy 34.98 colorless India A pear shaped diamond, which sold for US$10 million in 2012. Not to be confused with the Sancy. Beau Sancy Black Orlov 195 67.50 black India A cushion cut black diamond, also called the Eye of Brahma Diamond. Black Orlov Blue Moon of Josephine 29.6 12.03 blueSouth Africa Found in the Cullinan mine in 2014, cushion shaped, and originally named the 'Blue Moon' diamond. Purchased for a record breaking 48.6 million Swiss francs (US48.4 million) at a Sotheby's auction in Geneva on 11 November 2015 by the Hong Kong tycoon Joseph Lau. He renamed it "The Blue Moon of Josephine" in honor of his daughter. The previous day he had bought the 'Sweet Josephine' diamond for her. Blue Moon of Josephine Briolette of India 90.38 colorless India (See article) cut by Cartier around 1910. Thought to have been owned by Eleanor of Aquitaine in the early 12th century, by King Richard the Lion Heart who carried it during the third crusade, and King Henry II of France, which makes the Briolette of India the oldest diamond on record in the world, even older than the famous Koh i Noor. — Brunswick Blue 44.25 blue May be a part of the Tavernier Blue. — Centenary Diamond 599 273.85 colorless South Africa , modified heart shaped brilliant, the world's largest colorless (grade D), flawless diamond. — Chloe Diamond 84.37 colorlessAngola Sold in November 2007 at Sotheby's in Geneva to Georges Marciano of the Guess clothing line for 18.2 million SFr, the second highest price ever paid for a diamond at auction. — Cora Sun Drop Diamond 110.03 yellow South Africa Largest known pear shape fancy vivid yellow diamond, found in South Africa — Creator — Cullinan Diamond 3106.75 colorless South Africa Discovered in 1905, the Cullinan is, at 3106.75 carats (621.35 g), the largest rough gem quality diamond ever found. It was cut into 105 diamonds including the Cullinan I or the Great Star of Africa, 530.2 carats (106.04 g), and the Cullinan II or the Lesser Star of Africa, 317.4 carats (63.48 g), both of which are now part of the British Crown Jewels. Cullinan (uncut) Cullinan I 3106.75 530.4 colorless South Africa The largest stone obtained from Cullinan diamond. Cullinan I or Great Star of Africa with weight of 530.4 carats it is the second largest cut diamond in the world. Currently located in the head of the Sceptre of the British Crown Jewels British Royal family. Cullinan I (replica) Cullinan II 3106.75 317.4 colorless South Africa The second largest stone obtained from Cullinan diamond. Cullinan II or Second Star of Africa with weight of 317.4 carats is also one of the largest cut diamonds in the world. As Cullinan I, it is also in the British crown jewels located in the Imperial State Crown British Royal family. — Cullinan III 3106.75 94.4 colorless South Africa The third largest stone obtained from Cullinan diamond. Cullinan III or Lesser Star of Africa with weight of 94.4 carats is also part of the British crown jewels British Royal family. No longer mounted in any of the crowns, it is frequently worn in combination with Cullinan IV as a brooch. — Daria i Noor 182 pink India The largest pink diamond in the world, approximately , originally from India but now part of Iranian Crown Jewels. Its exact weight is not known; is an estimate. The Daria i Noor DeBeers Diamond 440 234.5 South Africa Discovered in 1888. — Deepdene 104.52 yellow South Africa Widely considered to be the largest artificially irradiated diamond in the world, at — DeYoung Red Diamond 5.03 brownish red South Africa Weighing , the third largest known red diamond GIA graded as "fancy dark reddish brown", was bought in a flea market on a hatpin by Sidney deYoung a prominent Boston estate jewelry merchant. It was donated by him to the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History. DeYoung Red Dresden Green Diamond 40.70 green India antique pear shaped brilliant its color is the result of natural irradiation Dresden Green (glass replica) Eagle Diamond ab. 16 United States — Earth Star Diamond 248.9 111.59 brown South Africa a pear shaped diamond with a strong coffee like brown color. — Empress Eugénie ~100 51 Brazil oval shaped brilliant diamond, perfectly cut. — English Dresden 119.5 76.5 Brazil Found in 1857 — The Enigma 555.55 black either Brazil or the Central African Republic A 555 carat black diamond, cut to have 55 sides, is currently the largest cut diamond on Earth. It went on sale in Sotheby's in February 2022. Sotheby's claims that it may originate from a meteor, though this claim is disputed. — Esperanza Diamond 8.52 4.602 D IF United States Discovered in 2015, it is the 5th largest diamond ever discovered at the Crater of Diamonds State Park, Arkansas Identified as a Type IIa crystal, the 8.52 carat diamond was cut and polished by Mike Botha into a custom designed 4.605 carat Triolette shape during a week long event in North Little Rock and was graded a D IF, 0 Polish & 0 Symmetry by the American Gem Society Laboratories making it the most valuable American diamond. Esperanza Eureka Diamond 21.25 10.73 yellow brown South Africa the first diamond found in South Africa, a yellow brown stone (before cutting) resulting in a finished diamond Eureka Excelsior Diamond 995.2 colorless South Africa The largest known diamond in the world prior to the Cullinan at , it was later cut into 10 pieces of various sizes (13–68 carats). Excelsior Diamond (depiction) Florentine Diamond 137.27 yellow India A lost diamond, light yellow with a weight of 137.27 carats (27.45 g). Florentine (glass replica) Fortuna Diamond 26.29 colourless India A cushion shaped diamond set into a pendant with a 0.75ct Argyle pink diamond, and 4.5 carats of Argyle pinks. The stone has been given a name to fit its history, rarity and setting – the Fortuna Diamond. Classified as a Type 2A with a colour grade of I and clarity grade of VVS2. — Fortune Pink 18.18 pink Brazil Pear shaped fancy vivid pink diamond sold for 28.4 million Swiss francs ($28.8 million), including fees and taxes, in 2022. It had been mined in Brazil over 15 years ago. — French Blue (or Tavernier Blue before its cut) 112 69 blue India (Stolen during French Revolution) Largest blue diamond allegedly discovered up to this date before its cut, it was faceted by Jean Pittan to be the main French Crown Jewel. Stolen, and then almost certainly cut into the Hope Diamond. — Golden Dawn 133 61.5 South Africa / Vaal River Found in 1913, cut into an American cut brilliant. — Golden Eye Diamond 43.51 yellow South Africa A large, radiant cut fancy intense yellow diamond (43.5 carats). Golden Eye Golden Jubilee Diamond 755.5 545.67 yellow brown South Africa The Unnamed Brown as originally named, the Golden Jubilee is the largest faceted diamond ever cut at 545.67 carats (109.13 g), outweighing Cullinan I by 15.27 carats Golden Jubilee Graff Lesedi La Rona 1111 302.37 colourless Botswana A 302.37 carat D color high clarity emerald cut diamond. It is the main stone cut from the Lesedi La Rona, bought by Graff in 2017 and cut in 2019. The cutting of the rough stone also produced 66 smaller stones. According to Graff, the stone is the "largest highest clarity, highest color diamond ever graded by the Gemological Institute of America (GIA)". Graff Pink 24.78 pink India A 24.78 carat Fancy Intense Pink diamond and, until the sale of the Sweet Josephine diamond in November 2015, it was the most expensive jewel ever sold at auction. Previously owned by Harry Winston and an unnamed private collector, and bought by Laurence Graff (November 2010). — Grand Condé 9.01 pink India A rare light pink pear shaped diamond of 9.0, sold by Jean Baptiste Tavernier to King Louis XIII of France, who probably gave it to Louis, Grand Condé — Great Chrysanthemum Diamond 104.15 orange brown South Africa — Great Mogul Diamond 780 280 India Fabled mogul cut diamond, now lost, although presumed by historians to have been re cut as the Orlov. Great Mogul (replica) Gruosi Diamond 300.12 115.34 black India A heart shaped black diamond, weighing — Heart of Eternity Diamond 27.64 blue South Africa Perhaps the largest fancy vivid blue, weighing — Hope Diamond 112 45.52 blue India , is a Fancy Dark Grayish Blue diamond and supposedly cursed. Almost certainly cut from the French Blue Diamond. Part of the Smithsonian Collection. Hope Hortensia Diamond 21.32 peach India Peach (slightly orangey pink) color, formerly part of the French Crown Jewels. Displayed in the Louvre. Hortensia Incomparable Diamond 890 407.48 brownish yellow Democratic Republic of Congo A brownish yellow diamond of 407.48 carats (81.496 g) cut from an 890 carat (178 g) rough diamond of the same name it appeared on eBay in 2002. Internally Flawless clarity. Several other smaller diamonds were also cut from the crystal. — Jacob Diamond 184.5 colorless India Cushion cut weighing 184.5 carats (36.90 g); also known as Imperial Diamond & Victoria Diamond. Jacob Jagersfontein Diamond 215 South Africa Found in 1881 at the Jagersfontein Mine. — The Jane Seymour 2.08 blue Russia Cushion cut weighing 2.08 carats (416 mg). — Jones Diamond 34.48 blueish white United States Weighing , found in West Virginia by the Jones family. Also known as the Punch Jones Diamond. — Jubilee Diamond 650.8 245.35 colorless South Africa Originally known as the Reitz Diamond; perhaps the sixth largest in the world at Jubilee Kazanjian Red Diamond 35 5.05 brownish red South Africa A Emerald cut red diamond formerly known simply as "Red Diamond". This is the second largest known red diamond. It was cut from a piece of boart discovered near Lichtenburg, South Africa. It reappeared in 2007 after a 37 year absence from sight, and was purchased by Kazanjian Brothers Inc. — Koh i Noor 793 105.60 colorless India A 105.6 carat (21.6 g) white of Indian origin (Golconda diamonds), with a long and turbulent history and a good deal of legend surrounding it. After belonging to Kakatiya, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal, Persian, Afghan and Sikh rulers, it was surrendered in the 1849 Treaty of Lahore to Queen Victoria. It was recut from 191 ct, to its current size, and was part of the Crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother until her death in 2002. It is now on display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London. Koh i noor (replica) Koi Diamond 32+ white, orange and various Congo The colors of this sole and unique 32+ carat diamond evokes the well known Koi fish legend and sacred symbolism cherished by East Asians. The graduations of color of white, orange, light yellow, darkblue and black colors in this diamond are reminiscent of ancient Chinese brush painting. The Koi Diamond has been certified by the GIA (Gemological Institute of America). Koi Lesotho Brown 601 71.73 pale brown Lesotho Was a stone originally with the largest stone after cutting. — Lesotho Legend 910 D (colorless) Type IIa Lesotho Largest diamond yet found at the Letšeng mine. Sold in March 2018 for $40 million to an unknown buyer in Antwerp, Belgium. Lesotho Legend Lesotho Promise 603 75 colorless Lesotho Is the 15th largest diamond, the tenth largest white diamond, and the largest diamond to be found in 13 years. The original stone was , although the largest diamond after the cutting was — Lulo Rose 170 Pink Angola The Lulo Rose is a Type IIa diamond, which is considered to be the finest and most rare. The announcement of the discovery was made by Lucapa Diamond Company on 27 July 2022. Sodiam, the subsidiary of Endiama, a state owned diamond company in Angola, will put the pink diamond up for auction via an international bidding process. — Martian Pink 12.04 pink South Africa Named by American jeweler Ronald Winston in 1976. Sold by auction in May 2012 for US$17 million, "the largest round fancy intense pink diamond to ever go under the hammer", according to Christie's. — Matryoshka 0.62 colorless Russia The Matryoshka is a unique diamond with another diamond moving freely inside. This is the first and only such diamond in the entire history of world diamond mining until October 2019. — Millennium Star 777 203.04 colorless Democratic Republic of Congo At , this is the second largest colorless (grade D), flawless diamond. — Mirror of Naples Object of dispute between King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France following its gifting to Henry's sister, Mary Tudor, Queen of France. — Moon of Baroda 25.95 24.04 yellow India Moon of Baroda is pear shape diamond and it was discovered in Vadodara (Baroda) in India. — Moussaieff Red Diamond 13 5.11 red Brazil The largest known red diamond, at — Nassak Diamond 89 43.38 blue white India An emerald cut of , previously a triangular brilliant of about 89 carats. — Nizam Diamond 340 colorlessIndia Reportedly Possibly a large colorless topaz. Whereabouts unknown. — Noor ol Ain Diamond 60 pink India Around originally from India but now part of the Iranian crown jewels. Noor ol Ain Ocean Dream Diamond 5.51 blue green Central Africa The only known natural Fancy Deep Blue Green, and weighs — Oppenheimer Blue 14.62 blue South Africa Became the most expensive diamond in the world at the time of its sale in May 2016, selling for $50.6m (£34.7m). — Oppenheimer Diamond 253.7 yellow South Africa One of the largest gem quality uncut diamonds in the world, at Oppenheimer Orlov 189.62 colorless India An Indian mogul cut rumored to have served as the eye of a Hindu statue, and currently is part of the Kremlin diamond fund, weighing approximately Orlov Paragon 137.82 colorless Brazil A shield shaped diamond of 137.82 carats. — Pigot Diamond 100 (est.) 47.38 colorless India A oval brilliant, once the largest diamond in England. Sold by lottery in 1801, auctioned by Christie's in 1802, current whereabouts unknown although a popular legend is that it was destroyed. — Pink Star 132.50 59.60 pink Africa Modified oval brilliant cut (step cut crown, brilliant pavilion), largest known fancy vivid pink, at Formerly known as the Steinmetz Pink, and the Pink Star. Auctioned in Geneva by Sotheby's in 2013 for $83.187 million — Pitt Diamond See Regent Diamond — Polar Star Diamond 41.28 colorless India A colorless cushion shaped stellar brilliant diamond weighing Known for its symmetry, and once owned by Napoleon's older brother, it disappeared after being sold to a Sri Lankan diamond merchant in 1980 for a then record $4.6 million. — Portuguese Diamond 127.01 pale yellow Brazil antique emerald cut with a pale yellow body color and very strong blue fluorescence. Part of the Smithsonian's collection. Portuguese Premier Rose Diamond 353.9 137.0 colorless South Africa 137.02 carat (27.4 g) stone cut from a 353.9 carat (70.8 g) rough gem of the same name. Premier Rose Princie Diamond 34.65 pink India Antique cushion cut, fancy intense pink, natural color, VS2 clarity, type IIa, displays bright orangey red fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light (G. I. A. 's lab data); discovered 300 years ago in the Golconda mines. — Pumpkin Diamond 5.54 orange Central African Republic Perhaps the largest fancy vivid orange diamond (5.54 carats), modified cushion shaped brilliant. — Raven Diamond 12.78 black Trilliant cut black diamond purchased in 2011. The Raven is currently in a private collection in upstate NY. Raven Regent Diamond 410 140.64 white with pale blue India Weights , is cushion shaped stellar brilliant cut, formerly belonging to Louis XV, Louis XVI, and Napoleon Bonaparte, it now resides in the Louvre. Regent (1907 drawing) Sancy 55.23 pale yellow India A shield shaped pale yellow diamond currently in the Louvre, weighing Sancy (1907 drawing) Sergio 3167 carbonado State of Bahia (Brazil) Largest carbonado and largest rough diamond ever found. Found in 1895. Sergio (engraving) Shah Diamond 88.7 pale yellow India Very old pale yellow diamond (found approximately in 1450 in India) currently housed in the Diamond Fund in Kremlin, weighing Shah (depiction on stamp) Sierra Leone diamond 709 Sierra Leone The discovery was made by Pastor Emmanuel Momoh in an artisanal mine in the village of Koyadu in eastern Kono district in 2017 — Skull Star Diamond 52.4 Pear shaped pink diamond set in the forehead of Damien Hirst's For the Love of God sculpture. — Spirit of de Grisogono Diamond 312.24 black Central African Republic Mogul cut, , the world's largest cut black diamond. Spirit of de Grisogono Spoonmaker's Diamond 85.8 colorless Circa 86 carat (17 g) diamond housed in Topkapı Palace in Istanbul. Also known as Kaşıkçı Elması Star of Sierra Leone 968.9 various colorless Republic of Sierra Leone Cut into smaller pieces, the largest of which is Star of Sierra Leone Star of South Africa 83.5 47.69 colorless South Africa also known as the Dudley Diamond. This must not be confused with the Star of Africa. The Star of South Africa was the initial name given to this diamond, when it was purchased as an rough diamond. The diamond is a D color, pear shaped stellar brilliant cut stone, weighing — Star of the East 95 colorlessIndia (disputed) A 95 carat (19 g) stone once owned by Evalyn Walsh McLean of Washington, D. C., who also owned the Hope Diamond. It was also owned by King Farouk of Egypt, although he never settled the bill. — Star of the Season 100.10 colorless a pear shaped D color, Internally Flawless stone. At $16,548,750 US in 1995 it held the world record for the highest price paid for a diamond at auction until the sale of the Wittelsbach Graff diamond in 2008. — Star of the South 128.48 light pinkish brown Brazil Found in Brazil in 1853. Cartier is the last known owners of the diamond (mid 2000s). Star of the South (replica) Strawn Wagner Diamond 3.03 1.09 colorless United States A diamond which received a "perfect" 0/0/0 rating from the American Gem Society, weighing rough and cut. On exhibit at Crater of Diamonds State Park in Arkansas, where it was found in 1990. Strawn Wagner Stuart or Holland Diamond 39.75 light blue green Pear shaped rose cut diamond. Bought in 1690 as a rough stone by Queen Mary II Stuart, wife of King William of Orange. Therefore, also referred to as the Holland diamond. Belongs to the Dutch Royal House. — Sweet Josephine Diamond 16.08 fancy vivid pink The largest cushion shaped stone classified in the elite "fancy vivid" category to ever come to auction. Owned by an American family of 15 years, it was sold at auction in November 2015 to Hong Kong billionaire Joseph Lau, and renamed by him the 'Sweet Josephine' after his daughter. The next day he bought the 'Blue Moon of Josephine' diamond for her.— Symbolic Yellow Diamond 114.63 vivid yellow South Africa Antique cushion shaped brilliant cut, which is believed to have been found in the Premier mine in The South African Republic. It weighs Symbolic Yellow Taylor Burton Diamond 241 68.0 colorless South Africa Purchased by Richard Burton for his wife Elizabeth Taylor, weighing — Tereshchenko diamond 42.92 blue India antique pear brilliant cut. — The Rock 228.31 White South Africa "The Rock" is about the size of a golf ball and was previously worn as a lavish Cartier necklace. This is a perfectly symmetrical pear shaped form and one of the rarest gems ever to be sold at auction. — Tiffany Yellow Diamond 287.42 128.54 yellow South Africa Antique modified cushion shaped stellar brilliant cut, on display at Tiffany & Co.'s New York City store. It weighs Tiffany Yellow Uncle Sam 40.23 12.42 brown United States The largest discovered in the US, emerald cut, M color (pale brown), VVS2 clarity. Uncle Sam Vargas diamond 726.6 blue white Brazil Cut into 29 smaller diamonds. — Williamson pink diamond 54.5 23.6 pink Tanzania Given to Queen Elizabeth II on her wedding in 1947 and later set in a brooch. "The most famous pink diamond in the world" according to the BBC. — Winston Pink Legacy 18.96 pink South Africa The world's largest Fancy Vivid Pink. Previously named Pink Legacy, it was sold by Christies on 13 November 2018, for 50.3 million Swiss francs ($50 million, £38.5 million), to Harry Winston. Found in a South African mine around 100 years ago and has likely not been altered since it was first cut (rectangular cut) in 1920, and once owned by the Oppenheimer family, who ran De Beers. — Wittelsbach Graff Diamond 35.56 31.06 blue India , Fancy Deep Blue, cushion modified brilliant. Was cut down from the 35.56 Wittelsbach Blue after being purchased in 2008. Wittelsbach diamond, before being recut by Graff