Кабазон, Калифорния: История и современность

Cabazon (Spanish: Cabazón) is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California, United States. Cabazon is on the Pacific Crest Trail. In the 21st century, the area has become a tourist stop, due to the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa and Desert Hills Premium Outlets. The population was 2,535 during the 2010 Census. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined Cabazon as a census designated place (CDP).

Cabazon was initially established as a settlement in the 1870s after the Southern Pacific Railroad built a railroad station there. The station was originally named Jacinto, but was renamed Cabezone after the Spanish name of a nearby Indian rancheria. The Spanish had named the latter after a chief of the Cahuilla Indians during the colonial period. He was named for his large head. In the late 19th century, a workers' camp known as Hall's Siding, which included a hotel and dance hall, developed. It was abandoned after the railroad relocated its facilities. In 1884 a new town was laid out by the Scottish owned Cabazon Land and Water Company, which established a fruit farm. Some lots were sold, but were later repurchased. The large plot of land stayed intact until it was bought by a developer in 1910. The developer established a school and a post office, but was unable to attract many residents. Cabazon was incorporated as a city on November 1, 1955. Under California law, incorporated cities could host cardrooms, while unincorporated areas could not. One key dispute was between residents who hoped that Cabazon could be developed as a resort city like Palm Springs to the east, versus cardroom owners who wanted to keep Cabazon's population low so that the city government's operating expenses (and their taxes) would remain low and not impinge on their profits. With changing demographics and regional economy, locals in the early 21st century have intermittently discussed reincorporating the area.

In late October 2006, a major arson fire started near Cabazon. California State Route 243 was renamed as the "Esperanza Firefighters Memorial Highway" to honor them.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4.9 square miles (13 km2). 4.9 square miles (13 km2) of it is land and 0.025 square miles (0 km2) of it is water. The total area is 0.52% water. The Census Bureau definition of the area may not precisely correspond to the local understanding of the community.

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Cabazon has a hot desert climate, abbreviated "BWh" on climate maps.

At the 2010 census Cabazon had a population of 2,535. The population density was The racial makeup of Cabazon was 1,751 (69.1%) Caucasian (42.3% Non Hispanic Caucasian), 135 (5.3%) African American, 90 (3.6%) Native American, 38 (1.5%) Asian, 14 (0.6%) Pacific Islander, 358 (14.1%) from other races, and 149 (5.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1,135 persons (44.8%). The census reported that 2,526 people (99.6% of the population) lived in households, 9 (0.4%) lived in non institutionalized group quarters, and no one was institutionalized. There were 792 households, 350 (44.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 317 (40.0%) were opposite sex married couples living together, 181 (22.9%) had a female householder with no husband present, 81 (10.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 81 (10.2%) unmarried opposite sex partnerships, and 8 (1.0%) same sex married couples or partnerships. 157 households (19.8%) were one person and 54 (6.8%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.19. There were 579 families (73.1% of households); the average family size was 3.68. The age distribution was 798 people (31.5%) under the age of 18, 275 people (10.8%) aged 18 to 24, 577 people (22.8%) aged 25 to 44, 674 people (26.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 211 people (8.3%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 101.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.5 males. There were 932 housing units at an average density of 190.5 per square mile, of the occupied units 459 (58.0%) were owner occupied and 333 (42.0%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.5%; the rental vacancy rate was 5.6%. 1,382 people (54.5% of the population) lived in owner occupied housing units and 1,144 people (45.1%) lived in rental housing units. According to the 2010 United States Census, Cabazon had a median household income of $33,333, with 22.1% of the population living below the federal poverty line.

At the 2000 census there were 2,229 people, 721 households, and 511 families in the CDP. The population density was There were 846 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the CDP was 70.9% White, 4.1% Black or African American, 4.2% Native American, 1.2% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 13.4% from other races, and 6.1% from two or more races. Of the 721 households 37.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.2% were married couples living together, 20.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.0% were non families. 22.5% of households were one person and 9.0% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.9 and the average family size was 3.5. The age distribution was 30.5% under the age of 18, 10.5% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 18.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% 65 or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.2 males. The median household income was $20,598 and the median family income was $24,583. Males had a median income of $29,236 versus $19,444 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $9,068. About 28.9% of families and 32.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.9% of those under age 18 and 33.1% of those age 65 or over.

Claude Bell's giant dinosaur sculptures are icons of roadside America. The site features two sculptures: a 150 ton building in the shape of a larger than life sized Brontosaurus (begun in 1964, completed in 1975), and a 100 ton Tyrannosaurus rex structure (built in 1981). The dinosaurs, nicknamed "Dinny" and "Mr. Rex," respectively, were installed to attract customers to Claude Bell's Wheel Inn Cafe. Some residents grew up with them along the highway in southern California; others may remember them from various films and videos, notably in Pee wee's Big Adventure. Developers purchased the dinosaurs in 2005 from the Bell family for $1.2 million.

Cabazon is a stop for outlet shopping; Desert Hills Premium Outlets and Cabazon Outlets each operate outlet malls.

Cabazon is the territory of the federally recognized Morongo Band of Mission Indians, which have developed the Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa. Its 27 story hotel tower dominates the San Gorgonio Pass. In addition, they partnered for tribal business with Arrowhead Mountain Springwater to develop a huge water bottling facility on the eastern edge on Cabazon in 2003. Its construction earned a LEED Silver rating.

The Cabazon Library, opened in 2013, is part of the Riverside County Library System, operated under contract by Library Systems and Services, LLC.

In the Riverside County Board of Supervisors, Cabazon is in 5th district, represented by Democrat Yxstian Gutierrez. In the California State Legislature, Cabazon is in , and in
In the United States House of Representatives, Cabazon is in .

The Amtrak Thruway 39 provides daily connections to Fullerton station and Palm Springs.