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Wheelwright is a home rule class city in Floyd County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 780 at the 2010 census, down from 1,042 in 2000.

Before the arrival of coal, many locals lived by farming or logging. The land which would later become Wheelwright was owned by the Hall family. In 1916, the Halls sold their land to the Elk Horn Coal Company. That same year a post office was established with the name Wheelwright, named for the company's president at that time, Jere H. Wheelwright. The city was officially incorporated in 1917. Elk Horn leased its mines from the Consolidation Coal. In 1930, Consolidation sold the Wheelwright coal camp to Inland Steel. In 1966, Inland Steel sold the camp to Island Creek Coal. The mine closed in the 1970s. After the mine was abandoned, the Kentucky Housing Corporation purchased the town, rehabilitated the homes, and sold the homes to residents. Wheelwright is a coal town. When the city was founded, the coal company built housing, stores, churches, schools, and medical facilities to provide for the miners family's. Miners employed the coal company would have used these services to provide food and other necessities to their family's. At one time, the coal company had at least 2,300 miners on its payroll. Wheelwright was home to one of the pack horse libraries in the 1930s and early 1940s.

Wheelwright is governed by a city commission form of government. Its current mayor is Don "Booty" Hall. The city commission consists of Michael Bub Tackett jr. Andy Akers, Sam Little Jr. and Bill Newsome

The Corrections Corporation of America (now CoreCivic) owned Otter Creek Correctional Center in Wheelwright closed in 2012, due in part to a riot by Indiana prisoners in 2001, and subsequent widespread sexual abuse of women inmates. The prison, renamed the Southeast State Correctional Complex and operated by the Kentucky Department of Corrections under a lease from CoreCivic, reopened as a male facility in September 2020.