Введение
Геоцентрическая орбита с высотой, полностью превышающей высоту геосинхронной орбиты – это тип геоцентрической орбиты, определяемый высотой.
a type of geocentric orbit defined by altitude
A high Earth orbit (HEO) is an Earth centered orbit with altitude at apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit (35,786 km above sea level ). A special case of a high Earth orbit is the highly elliptical orbit where altitude at perigee may reach as low as 2,000 km (1,200 mi). Satellites in HEO are primarily used for communication, navigation, scientific research, and military applications. A variety of satellites, such as TESS,
There are four main reasons that most satellite are placed in lower orbits. First, a HEO can take a month or more per orbit. This is because HEOs are very large orbits and move at only 7000 mph. Meanwhile, a LEO (low Earth orbit) can take less than 90 minutes. So, for satellites that need to orbit quickly, HEO is not a good fit. Second, HEOs take far more energy to place a satellite into than LEOs. To place a satellite into HEO takes nearly as much energy as to place it into a heliocentric orbit. For example, an expended Falcon 9 can carry 50,000 pounds to LEO. However, it can only carry around 10,000 pounds to HEO. This means that it costs 5 times more to place a payload in HEO versus placing it in LEO. Third, HEOs are incredibly far from Earth. This means that there is a constant communication delay when sending signals to and from the satellite. This is actually because the signals can only travel at the speed of light. This means that it can take around 0.1 to 4.5 seconds in delay time each way. This makes it useless for internet, and hard to use for other things as well. The fourth reason is radiation. HEO is outside of the magnetic field of Earth. This means that there is far more radiation in HEO. As a result, spacecraft in HEO require specialized equipment and shielding to protect them from radiation. As a result, only satellites that require the unique characteristics of HEO use this orbit. The development of HEO technology has had a significant impact on space exploration and has paved the way for future missions to deep space. The ability to place satellites in HEO has allowed scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems.
Высокая околоземная орбита (HEO) – это орбита, ориентированная на Землю, с высотой в апогее, превышающей высоту геосинхронной орбиты (35 786 км над уровнем моря). Особым случаем высокой околоземной орбиты является высокоэллиптическая орбита, где высота в перигее может достигать 2000 км. Спутники на HEO в основном используются для связи, навигации, научных исследований и военных целей. Существует четыре основные причины, по которым большинство спутников выводятся на более низкие орбиты.
a type of geocentric orbit defined by altitude
A high Earth orbit (HEO) is an Earth centered orbit with altitude at apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit (35,786 km above sea level ). A special case of a high Earth orbit is the highly elliptical orbit where altitude at perigee may reach as low as 2,000 km (1,200 mi). Satellites in HEO are primarily used for communication, navigation, scientific research, and military applications. A variety of satellites, such as TESS,
There are four main reasons that most satellite are placed in lower orbits. First, a HEO can take a month or more per orbit. This is because HEOs are very large orbits and move at only 7000 mph. Meanwhile, a LEO (low Earth orbit) can take less than 90 minutes. So, for satellites that need to orbit quickly, HEO is not a good fit. Second, HEOs take far more energy to place a satellite into than LEOs. To place a satellite into HEO takes nearly as much energy as to place it into a heliocentric orbit. For example, an expended Falcon 9 can carry 50,000 pounds to LEO. However, it can only carry around 10,000 pounds to HEO. This means that it costs 5 times more to place a payload in HEO versus placing it in LEO. Third, HEOs are incredibly far from Earth. This means that there is a constant communication delay when sending signals to and from the satellite. This is actually because the signals can only travel at the speed of light. This means that it can take around 0.1 to 4.5 seconds in delay time each way. This makes it useless for internet, and hard to use for other things as well. The fourth reason is radiation. HEO is outside of the magnetic field of Earth. This means that there is far more radiation in HEO. As a result, spacecraft in HEO require specialized equipment and shielding to protect them from radiation. As a result, only satellites that require the unique characteristics of HEO use this orbit. The development of HEO technology has had a significant impact on space exploration and has paved the way for future missions to deep space. The ability to place satellites in HEO has allowed scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems.
Во-первых, один оборот на HEO может занимать месяц и более. Это связано с тем, что HEO – это очень протяженные орбиты, и спутники движутся по ним со скоростью всего около 11 265 км/ч. Между тем, для выхода на низкую околоземную орбиту (LEO) требуется менее 90 минут. Таким образом, для спутников, которым необходимо быстро менять положение, HEO не подходит. Во-вторых, для вывода спутника на HEO требуется значительно больше энергии, чем на LEO. Вывод спутника на HEO требует почти столько же энергии, сколько для вывода его на гелиоцентрическую орбиту. Например, ракета-носитель Falcon 9 может вывести 22 680 кг на LEO, но только около 4536 кг на HEO. Это означает, что вывод полезной нагрузки на HEO обходится в 5 раз дороже, чем на LEO. В-третьих, HEO находится на огромном расстоянии от Земли. Это приводит к постоянной задержке связи при передаче сигналов на спутник и обратно. Это обусловлено тем, что сигналы могут распространяться только со скоростью света. Таким образом, задержка может составлять от 0,1 до 4,5 секунд в каждую сторону. Это делает HEO непригодной для интернета и затрудняет его использование для других целей. Четвертая причина – радиация. HEO находится за пределами магнитного поля Земли, что означает более высокий уровень радиации. В результате космические аппараты на HEO требуют специального оборудования и экранирования для защиты от радиации. Поэтому этой орбитой пользуются только спутники, которым необходимы уникальные характеристики HEO. Развитие технологии HEO оказало значительное влияние на освоение космоса и открыло путь для будущих миссий в дальний космос. Возможность вывода спутников на HEO позволила ученым сделать прорывные открытия в астрономии и науках о Земле, а также обеспечила функционирование глобальных систем связи и навигации.
a type of geocentric orbit defined by altitude
A high Earth orbit (HEO) is an Earth centered orbit with altitude at apogee higher than that of the geosynchronous orbit (35,786 km above sea level ). A special case of a high Earth orbit is the highly elliptical orbit where altitude at perigee may reach as low as 2,000 km (1,200 mi). Satellites in HEO are primarily used for communication, navigation, scientific research, and military applications. A variety of satellites, such as TESS,
There are four main reasons that most satellite are placed in lower orbits. First, a HEO can take a month or more per orbit. This is because HEOs are very large orbits and move at only 7000 mph. Meanwhile, a LEO (low Earth orbit) can take less than 90 minutes. So, for satellites that need to orbit quickly, HEO is not a good fit. Second, HEOs take far more energy to place a satellite into than LEOs. To place a satellite into HEO takes nearly as much energy as to place it into a heliocentric orbit. For example, an expended Falcon 9 can carry 50,000 pounds to LEO. However, it can only carry around 10,000 pounds to HEO. This means that it costs 5 times more to place a payload in HEO versus placing it in LEO. Third, HEOs are incredibly far from Earth. This means that there is a constant communication delay when sending signals to and from the satellite. This is actually because the signals can only travel at the speed of light. This means that it can take around 0.1 to 4.5 seconds in delay time each way. This makes it useless for internet, and hard to use for other things as well. The fourth reason is radiation. HEO is outside of the magnetic field of Earth. This means that there is far more radiation in HEO. As a result, spacecraft in HEO require specialized equipment and shielding to protect them from radiation. As a result, only satellites that require the unique characteristics of HEO use this orbit. The development of HEO technology has had a significant impact on space exploration and has paved the way for future missions to deep space. The ability to place satellites in HEO has allowed scientists to make groundbreaking discoveries in astronomy and Earth science, while also enabling global communication and navigation systems.
Примеры спутников на высокой околоземной орбите
Имя NSSDC id. Дата запуска Перигей Апогей Период Наклон Вела 1А 1963 039A 1963 10 17 101 925 км 116 528 км 108 ч 39 мин 37,8° IBEX 2008 051A 2008 10 19 61 941 км 290 906 км 216 ч 3 мин 16,9° TESS 2018 038A 2018 04 18 108 000 км 375 000 км 328 ч 48 мин 37,00° Двигательный модуль 2023 098B 2023 07 14 115 000 км 154 000 км 13 дней 27°