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Carthage is a city in Jasper County, Missouri, United States. The population was 15,522 as of the 2020 census. It is the county seat of Jasper County and is nicknamed "America's Maple Leaf City."

Jasper County was formed in 1841. Carthage was chosen as the county seat, the area cleared and the town platted in 1842. The city was named after ancient Carthage (an ancient city on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia). By the time of the American Civil War, there were over 500 residents, a brick and stone courthouse, and several businesses. The area was divided over slavery, and almost all of the African Americans in the county at the time were slaves. The Battle of Carthage, fought on July 5, 1861, was a clash between Union troops from St. Louis and Confederate troops led by the pro Southern Missouri Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson. The "Second Battle of Carthage" occurred in October 1863 when Union troops confronted Confederate troops north of town and forced them to return to Arkansas. The town experienced minor skirmishes and attacks throughout the war; pro Confederate guerrillas burned most of the city (including the courthouse) in September 1864. Historical accounts, such as Jasper County, Missouri in the Civil War (1923) by Col. Ward L. Schrantz, document the regional warfare. The area grew rapidly following the Civil War. The Missouri and Western Railway arrived in 1872. Town residents started a foundry, furniture factory, woolen and grain mills, a plow works and numerous liveries and other businesses. Leggett & Platt, now a Fortune 500 company still based in Carthage, was founded in 1883. Nearby lead mines and limestone quarries also contributed significant wealth and Carthage became one of the most prosperous towns in the area. Residents poured their money into ornate Victorian style homes, many of which are now part of the Carthage South District, which was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. The Jasper County Courthouse, also on the National Register of Historic Places, was built of Carthage stone in 1894–95. There is a mural inside the courthouse depicting the history of Jasper County. Growth in Carthage can be documented through Sanborn maps, many of which are available online. Numerous local buildings, in addition to the courthouse, were built in the late 19th and early 20th century out of stone from local quarries. The limestone is hard enough to be polished into "Carthage marble" and was used in both the interior and exterior of the state capitol building in Jefferson City, Missouri. The quarries known today as the Carthage Underground, a commercial space that utilizes but a small portion of the extensive uncharted quarries nearby. In 1925, Ozark Wesleyan College merged three Methodist colleges into one institution and built a campus in the center of town. The college operated only a few years before closing. The campus was home to Our Lady of the Ozarks College from 1944 to 1971 and now houses the Vietnamese American Catholic religious Congregation of the Mother Co Redemptrix. This Vietnamese order of priests and brothers came from Vietnam and settled in Carthage in 1975, immediately following the Vietnam War. In the monastery of this Vietnamese congregation, Archbishop Pierre Martin Ngô Đình Thục died in 1984. U. S. Highways 66 and 71 came through town in the 1920s, and for a time the town saw a stream of cross country traffic. Route 66 intersected with U. S. Route 71 at the present intersection of Central and Garrison Avenue. The original owners of a Boots Court motel at this crossroads promoted a drive in restaurant with a KDMO AM radio broadcast, "Breakfast at the Crossroads of America", named as a reference to the two major highways of the era. Route 66 was eventually re routed, then replaced in the 1960s with Interstate 44 running south of town. In the late 20th century, the town began actively courting tourism, emphasizing its history (the Battle of Carthage, Victorian architecture, and Route 66), as well as its proximity to the Precious Moments hotel and store, along with the popular country music destination Branson.

Carthage is located south of the Spring River along US Route 71. Joplin is approximately twelve miles to the southwest and Neosho is about 17 miles to the south. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.69 square miles (30 km2), of which 11.65 square miles (30 km2) is land and 0.04 square miles (0 km2) is water.

Carthage is part of the Joplin, Missouri Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The 2020 United States census counted 15,522 people, 5,209 households, and 3,458 families in Carthage. The population density was 1,303.3 per square mile (503.3/km). There were 5,763 housing units at an average density of 483.9 per square mile (186.9/km). The racial makeup was 62.83% (9,753) white, 1.35% (210) black or African American, 1.84% (285) Native American, 1.23% (191) Asian, 0.51% (79) Pacific Islander, 24.14% (3,747) from other races, and 8.1% (1,257) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 31.0% (4,561) of the population. Of the 5,209 households, 39.8% had children under the age of 18; 42.2% were married couples living together; 32.8% had a female householder with no husband present. Of all households, 29.0% consisted of individuals and 10.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.7 and the average family size was 3.3. 28.6% of the population was under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 18.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.9 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 96.3 males. The 2016 2020 5 year American Community Survey estimates show that the median household income was $39,938 (with a margin of error of +/ $3,637) and the median family income was $42,784 (+/ $5,358). Males had a median income of $27,714 (+/ $5,657) versus $24,612 (+/ $3,574) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $26,340 (+/ $1,862). Approximately, 27.7% of families and 33.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 52.7% of those under the age of 18 and 10.6% of those ages 65 or over.

As of the census of 2010, there were 14,378 people, 5,169 households, and 3,419 families living in the city. The population density was There were 5,753 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 73.6% White, 1.5% African American, 1.0% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.6% Pacific Islander, 18.9% from other races, and 3.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 25.6% of the population. There were 5,169 households, of which 38.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.2% were married couples living together, 14.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 6.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.9% were non families. 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.69 and the average family size was 3.26. The median age in the city was 32 years. 28.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 10.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.9% were from 25 to 44; 20.7% were from 45 to 64; and 13.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.

At the 2000 census, corporation manufacturing household durables, which is headquartered in the town, H. E. Williams, Inc. (a manufacturer of commercial and industrial lighting fixtures), Otts Foods, Schreiber Foods, and Goodman Manufacturing (all producing various food products) and the Carthage Underground, formerly a quarry, which now serves as a storage area with climate control for various products. Carthage was well known in the early 20th century for the fine grained, extremely dense grey limestone, "Carthage Marble", which came from that mine and was used for numerous public buildings throughout the US, including the Capitol Building in Jefferson City and the Jasper County Courthouse. Carthage has several food manufacturers and processing plants in and around the city. These plants produce a great deal of slaughterhouse waste. Changing World Technologies and its subsidiary Renewable Environment Solutions built the first operational commercial thermal conversion plant in the United States to take advantage of the large amount of feedstock for the thermal conversion process made available by the many food rendering plants in the area in 2003. In January 2008, a new city owned hospital, McCune Brooks, opened and the old facility has been renovated for use by the Carthage Water and Electric Plant. The new Carthage High School opened in 2009. The Dyno Nobel plant in Carthage is the only facility manufacturing dynamite in North America.

Carthage R IX School District operates five elementary schools, an intermediate center, a 6th Grade Center, Carthage Jr. High School and Carthage High School. The town has a lending library, the Carthage Public Library.

As noted above, Carthage was the site of the Battle of Carthage, the first official engagement of the American Civil War, on July 5, 1861. Local groups stage reenactments of the battle, near the grounds of the State Historic Site which commemorates the event. Carthage is located on Historic U. S. Route 66. The original alignment around town is still marked, and several old businesses built to cater to travelers can still be seen. Since 1966, Carthage has held a festival each October called the Maple Leaf Festival. The week long festival is named for the many maple trees that grow in the town, whose leaves change into bright colors such as red, orange, and yellow in the fall. Since 1978, Carthage has hosted the annual Marian Days celebration for Vietnamese American Catholics. The event, which typically draws 50,000 to 70,000 attendees, takes place on the campus of the Congregation of the Mother Co Redemptrix. Carthage is also the home of the Precious Moments Park and Chapel, a tourist attraction with paintings and oversized depictions of the popular porcelain figurines. Histories of Carthage include Ward L. Schrantz's Jasper County Missouri in the Civil War (Carthage, Missouri: The Carthage, Missouri Kiwanis Club, 1923), History of Jasper County, Missouri (Des Moines, Iowa: Mills & Company, 1883) and Images of America: Carthage, Missouri (Chicago, Illinois: Arcadia Publishing, 2000). Victorian era homes of Carthage are featured in It Wasn't A Dream, It Was A Flood, a 1974 autobiographical, 16mm short film about poet Frank Stanford. Composer James Scott, regarded as one of the three most important composers of classic ragtime, lived in Carthage from 1901 to 1906. Scott attended Lincoln High School and worked in the music store of Charles L. Dumars. Demand for the music of Scott, who began to compose while living in Carthage, convinced Dumars to publish Scott's "A Summer Breeze" in 1903.

The government of Carthage is represented by a Mayor council government. Carthage is divided into five wards, each represented by two members. Ward 1 is currently represented by Brandi Ensor and Robin Harrison. Ward 2 is represented by Trudy Blankenship and Dave Armstrong, and Ward 3 is represented by Ceri Otero and Robin Blair. Ward 4 is currently represented by Ed Hardesty and Alan Snow. And Ward 5 is currently represented by Mark Elliff and Ed Barlow. Carthage is in Missouri's 7th congressional district and has been represented in the United States Congress by Billy Long since 2010. In the Missouri House of Representatives, Carthage is in the 163rd District and has been represented by Cody Smith since 2017. In the Missouri Senate, Bill White has represented the Joplin Carthage area in the Missouri State Senate District 32 since 2019. The Carthage Police Department is the law enforcement agency in the city of Carthage, which currently employs 29 Officers.