События мировой истории: от осад до землетрясений и открытий.

1099 – Some 15,000 starving Christian soldiers begin the siege of Jerusalem by marching in a religious procession around the city as its Muslim defenders watch. 1283 – Roger of Lauria, commanding the Aragonese fleet, defeats an Angevin fleet sent to put down a rebellion on Malta. 1497 – Vasco da Gama sets sail on the first direct European voyage to India. 1579 – Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.

1663 – Charles II of England grants John Clarke a Royal charter to Rhode Island. 1709 – Peter I of Russia defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava, thus effectively ending Sweden's status as a major power in Europe. 1716 – The Battle of Dynekilen forces Sweden to abandon its invasion of Norway. 1730 – An estimated magnitude 8.7 earthquake causes a tsunami that damages more than of Chile's coastline. 1741 – Reverend Jonathan Edwards preaches to his congregation in Enfield, Connecticut his most famous sermon, "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"; an influence for the First Great Awakening. 1758 – French forces hold Fort Carillon against the British at Ticonderoga, New York. 1760 – British forces defeat French forces in the last naval battle in New France. 1775 – The Olive Branch Petition is signed by the Continental Congress of the Thirteen Colonies of North America. 1776 – Church bells (possibly including the Liberty Bell) are rung after John Nixon delivers the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence of the United States. 1808 – Promulgation of the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter Joseph Bonaparte intended as the basis for his rule as king of Spain. 1822 – Chippewas turn over a huge tract of land in Ontario to the United Kingdom. 1853 – The Perry Expedition arrives in Edo Bay with a treaty requesting trade. 1859 – King Charles XV & IV accedes to the throne of Sweden–Norway. 1864 – Ikedaya Incident: The Choshu Han shishi's planned Shinsengumi sabotage on Kyoto, Japan at Ikedaya. 1874 – The Mounties begin their March West. 1876 – The Hamburg massacre prior to the 1876 United States presidential election results in the deaths of six African Americans of the Republican Party, along with one white assailant. 1879 – Sailing ship Jeannette departs San Francisco carrying an ill fated expedition to the North Pole. 1889 – The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published. 1892 – St. John's, Newfoundland is devastated in the Great Fire of 1892. 1898 – The death of crime boss Soapy Smith, killed in the Shootout on Juneau Wharf, releases Skagway, Alaska from his iron grip.

1912 – Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Couceiro leads an unsuccessful royalist attack against the First Portuguese Republic in Chaves. 1932 – The Dow Jones Industrial Average reaches its lowest level of the Great Depression, closing at 41.22. 1933 – The first rugby union test match between the Wallabies of Australia and the Springboks of South Africa is played at Newlands Stadium in Cape Town. 1937 – Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan sign the Treaty of Saadabad. 1947 – Reports are broadcast that a UFO crash landed in Roswell, New Mexico in what became known as the Roswell UFO incident. 1948 – The United States Air Force accepts its first female recruits into a program called Women in the Air Force (WAF). 1960 – Francis Gary Powers is charged with espionage resulting from his flight over the Soviet Union. 1962 – Ne Win besieges and blows up the Rangoon University Student Union building to crush the Student Movement. 1965 – Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 21 is destroyed by a bomb near 100 Mile House, Canada, killing 52. 1966 – King Mwambutsa IV Bangiriceng of Burundi is deposed by his son Prince Charles Ndizi. 1968 – The Chrysler wildcat strike begins in Detroit, Michigan. 1970 – Richard Nixon delivers a special congressional message enunciating Native American self determination as official US Indian policy, leading to the Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975. 1972 – Israeli Mossad assassinate Palestinian writer Ghassan Kanafani. 1980 – The inaugural 1980 State of Origin game is won by Queensland who defeat New South Wales 20–10 at Lang Park. 1980 – Aeroflot Flight 4225 crashes near Almaty International Airport in the then Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (present day Kazakhstan) killing all 166 people on board. 1982 – A failed assassination attempt against Iraqi president Saddam Hussein results in the Dujail Massacre over the next several months. 1988 – The Island Express train travelling from Bangalore to Kanyakumari derails on the Peruman bridge and falls into Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala in India killing 105 passengers and injuring over 200 more. 1994 – Kim Jong Il begins to assume supreme leadership of North Korea upon the death of his father, Kim Il Sung. 2003 – Sudan Airways Flight 139 crashes near Port Sudan Airport during an emergency landing attempt, killing 116 of the 117 people on board. 2011 – Space Shuttle Atlantis is launched in the final mission of the U. S. Space Shuttle program. 2014 – Israel launches an offensive on Gaza amid rising tensions following the kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers.

1478 – Gian Giorgio Trissino, Italian linguist, poet, and playwright (d. 1550)
1528 – Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (d. 1580)
1538 – Alberto Bolognetti, Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1585)
1545 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias (d. 1568)
1593 – Artemisia Gentileschi, Italian painter (d. 1653)

1621 – Jean de La Fontaine, French author and poet (d. 1695)
1760 – Christian Kramp, French mathematician and academic (d. 1826)
1766 – Dominique Jean Larrey, French surgeon (d. 1842)
1779 – Giorgio Pullicino, Maltese painter and architect (d. 1851)
1819 – Francis Leopold McClintock, Irish admiral and explorer (d. 1907)
1830 – Frederick W. Seward, American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Assistant Secretary of State (d. 1915)
1831 – John Pemberton, American chemist and pharmacist, invented Coca Cola (d. 1888)
1836 – Joseph Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1914)
1838 – Eli Lilly, American soldier, chemist, and businessman, founded Eli Lilly and Company (d. 1898)
1838 – Ferdinand von Zeppelin, German general and businessman, founded the Zeppelin Airship Company (d. 1917)
1839 – John D. Rockefeller, American businessman and philanthropist, founded the Standard Oil Company (d. 1937)
1851 – Arthur Evans, English archaeologist and academic (d. 1941)
1851 – John Murray, Australian politician, 23rd Premier of Victoria (d. 1916)
1857 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist and graphologist (d. 1911)
1867 – Käthe Kollwitz, German painter and sculptor (d. 1945)
1876 – Alexandros Papanastasiou, Greek sociologist and politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1936)
1882 – Percy Grainger, Australian American pianist and composer (d. 1961)
1885 – Ernst Bloch, German philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1977)
1885 – Hugo Boss, German fashion designer, founded Hugo Boss (d. 1948)
1890 – Stanton Macdonald Wright, American painter (d. 1973)
1892 – Richard Aldington, English author and poet (d. 1962)
1892 – Pavel Korin, Russian painter (d. 1967)
1893 – R. Carlyle Buley, American historian and author (d. 1968)
1894 – Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984)
1895 – Igor Tamm, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
1898 – Melville Ruick, American actor (d. 1972)
1900 – George Antheil, American pianist, composer, and author (d. 1959)

1623 – Pope Gregory XV (b. 1554)
1689 – Edward Wooster, English American settler (b. 1622)
1695 – Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, astronomer, and physicist (b. 1629)
1716 – Robert South, English preacher and theologian (b. 1634)
1721 – Elihu Yale, American English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1649)
1784 – Torbern Bergman, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (b. 1735)
1794 – Richard Mique, French architect (b. 1728)
1820 – Octavia Taylor, daughter of Zachary Taylor (b. 1816)
1823 – Henry Raeburn, Scottish portrait painter (b. 1756)
1822 – Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet and playwright (b. 1792)
1850 – Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
1859 – Oscar I of Sweden (b. 1799)
1873 – Franz Xaver Winterhalter, German painter and lithographer (b. 1805)
1887 – Ben Holladay, American businessman (b. 1819)
1895 – Johann Josef Loschmidt, Austrian chemist and physicist (b. 1821)

1905 – Walter Kittredge, American violinist and composer (b. 1834)
1913 – Louis Hémon, French Canadian author (b. 1880)
1917 – Tom Thomson, Canadian painter (b. 1877)
1930 – Joseph Ward, Australian New Zealand businessman and politician, 17th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1856)
1933 – Anthony Hope, English author and playwright (b. 1863)
1934 – Benjamin Baillaud, French astronomer and academic (b. 1848)
1939 – Havelock Ellis, English psychologist and author (b. 1859)
1941 – Moses Schorr, Polish rabbi, historian, and politician (b. 1874)
1942 – Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, Algerian French general (b. 1856)
1942 – Refik Saydam, Turkish physician and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Turkey (b. 1881)
1943 – Jean Moulin, French soldier (b. 1899)
1950 – Othmar Spann, Austrian sociologist, economist, and philosopher (b. 1878)
1952 – August Alle, Estonian lawyer, author, and poet (b. 1890)
1956 – Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author, and critic (b. 1881)
1965 – Thomas Sigismund Stribling, American lawyer and author (b. 1881)
1967 – Vivien Leigh, British actress (b. 1913)
1968 – Désiré Mérchez, French swimmer and water polo player (b. 1882)
1971 – Kurt Reidemeister, German mathematician connected to the Vienna Circle (b. 1893)
1972 – Ghassan Kanafani, Palestinian writer and politician (b. 1936)
1973 – Gene L. Coon, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1924)
1973 – Ben Zion Dinur, Russian Israeli educator and politician, 4th Education Minister of Israel (b. 1884)
1973 – Wilfred Rhodes, English cricketer and coach (b. 1877)
1979 – Sin Itiro Tomonaga, Japanese physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
1979 – Michael Wilding, English actor (b. 1912)
1979 – Robert Burns Woodward, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
1981 – Joe McDonnell (hunger striker), Irish Republican Army member (b. 1951)
1981 – Bill Hallahan, American baseball player (b. 1902)
1985 – Phil Foster, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1913)
1985 – Jean Paul Le Chanois, French actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1909)
1986 – Skeeter Webb, American baseball player and manager (b. 1909)
1987 – Lionel Chevrier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 27th Canadian Minister of Justice (b. 1903)
1987 – Gerardo Diego, Spanish poet and author (b. 1896)
1988 – Ray Barbuti, American runner and football player (b. 1905)
1990 – Howard Duff, American actor (b. 1913)
1991 – James Franciscus, American actor (b. 1934)
1993 – Abul Hasan Jashori, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar and freedom fighter (b. 1918)
1994 – Christian Jaque, French director and screenwriter (b. 1904)
1994 – Kim Il Sung, North Korean commander and politician, President of North Korea (b. 1912)
1994 – Lars Eric Lindblad, Swedish American businessman and explorer (b. 1927)
1994 – Dick Sargent, American actor (b. 1930)
1996 – Irene Prador, Austrian born actress and writer (b. 1911)
1998 – Lilí Álvarez, Spanish tennis player, author, and feminist (b. 1905)
1999 – Pete Conrad, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1930)
2001 – John O'Shea, New Zealand director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1920)
2002 – Ward Kimball, American animator and trombonist (b. 1914)
2004 – Paula Danziger, American author and educator (b. 1944)
2005 – Maurice Baquet, French actor and cellist (b. 1911)
2006 – June Allyson, American actress and singer (b. 1917)
2007 – Chandra Shekhar, Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of India (b. 1927)
2007 – Jack B. Sowards, American screenwriter and producer (b. 1929)
2008 – John Templeton, American born British businessman and philanthropist (b. 1912)
2009 – Midnight, American singer songwriter (b. 1962)
2011 – Roberts Blossom, American actor and poet (b. 1924)
2011 – Betty Ford, First Lady of the United States (b. 1918)
2012 – Muhammed bin Saud Al Saud, Saudi Arabian politician (b. 1934)
2012 – Ernest Borgnine, American actor (b. 1917)
2012 – Gyang Dalyop Datong, Nigerian physician and politician (b. 1959)
2012 – Martin Pakledinaz, American costume designer (b. 1953)
2013 – Dick Gray, American baseball player (b. 1931)
2013 – Edmund Morgan, American historian and author (b. 1916)
2013 – Claudiney Ramos, Brazilian footballer (b. 1980)
2013 – Rubby Sherr, American physicist and academic (b. 1913)
2013 – Sundri Uttamchandani, Indian author (b. 1924)
2013 – Brett Walker, American songwriter and producer (b. 1961)
2014 – Plínio de Arruda Sampaio, Brazilian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
2014 – John V. Evans, American soldier and politician, 27th Governor of Idaho (b. 1925)
2014 – Ben Pangelinan, Guamanian businessman and politician (b. 1956)
2014 – Howard Siler, American bobsledder and coach (b. 1945)
2014 – Tom Veryzer, American baseball player (b. 1953)
2015 – Ken Stabler, American football player and sportscaster (b. 1945)
2015 – James Tate, American poet (b. 1943)
2016 – Abdul Sattar Edhi, Pakistani philanthropist (b. 1928)
2018 – Tab Hunter, American actor, pop singer, film producer and author (b. 1931)
2020 – Naya Rivera, American actress, model and singer (b. 1987)
2020 – Alex Pullin, Australian snowboarder (b. 1987)
2022 – Shinzo Abe, Japanese politician (b. 1954)
2022 – Larry Storch, American actor and comedian (b. 1923)
2022 – Luis Echeverría, Mexican lawyer and politician (b. 1922)
2022 – Tony Sirico, American actor (b. 1942)