Ключевые события мировой истории

681 – Twelfth Council of Toledo: King Erwig of the Visigoths initiates a council in which he implements diverse measures against the Jews in Spain. 1127 – Jin–Song Wars: Invading Jurchen soldiers from the Jin dynasty besiege and sack Bianjing (Kaifeng), the capital of the Song dynasty of China, and abduct Emperor Qinzong of Song and others, ending the Northern Song dynasty. 1349 – The Jewish population of Basel, believed by the residents to be the cause of the ongoing Black Death, is rounded up and incinerated. 1431 – The trial of Joan of Arc begins in Rouen. 1693 – Sicily earthquake: The first of two earthquakes destroys parts of Sicily and Malta. After the second quake on 11 January, the death toll is estimated at between 60,000 and 100,000 people.

1903 – Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson, son of the poet Alfred Tennyson, becomes the second Governor General of Australia. 1909 – Ernest Shackleton, leading the Nimrod Expedition to the South Pole, plants the British flag from the South Pole, the farthest anyone had ever reached at that time. 1914 – The Phi Beta Sigma fraternity is founded by African American students at Howard University in Washington D. C., United States. 1916 – World War I: The Battle of Gallipoli concludes with an Ottoman Empire victory when the last Allied forces are evacuated from the peninsula. 1917 – World War I: The Battle of Rafa is fought near the Egyptian border with Palestine. 1918 – Battle of Bear Valley: The last battle of the American Indian Wars. 1920 – Ukrainian War of Independence: The All Ukrainian Central Executive Committee outlaws the Makhnovshchina by decree, igniting the Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict. 1921 – Greco Turkish War: The First Battle of İnönü, the first battle of the war, begins near Eskişehir in Anatolia. 1923 – Juan de la Cierva makes the first autogyro flight. 1923 – Lithuanian residents of the Memel Territory rebel against the League of Nations' decision to leave the area as a mandated region under French control. 1927 – A fire at the Laurier Palace movie theatre in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, kills 78 children. 1941 – World War II: First flight of the Avro Lancaster. 1945 – World War II: The Sixth United States Army begins the invasion of Lingayen Gulf. 1957 – British Prime Minister Sir Anthony Eden resigns from office following his failure to retake the Suez Canal from Egyptian sovereignty. 1959 – The Vega de Tera dam fails, triggering a disastrous flood that nearly destroys the town of Ribadelago and kills 144 residents. 1960 – President of Egypt Gamal Abdel Nasser opens construction on the Aswan Dam by detonating ten tons of dynamite to demolish twenty tons of granite on the east bank of the Nile. 1961 – British authorities announce they have uncovered the Soviet Portland Spy Ring in London. 1962 – Apollo program: NASA announces plans to build the C 5 rocket launch vehicle, then known as the "Advanced Saturn", to carry human beings to the Moon. 1964 – Martyrs' Day: Several Panamanian youths try to raise the Panamanian flag in the U. S. controlled Panama Canal Zone, leading to fighting between U. S. military and Panamanian civilians. 1991 – Representatives from the United States and Iraq meet at the Geneva Peace Conference to try to find a peaceful resolution to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. 1992 – The Assembly of the Serb People in Bosnia and Herzegovina proclaims the creation of Republika Srpska, a new state within Yugoslavia. 1992 – The first discoveries of extrasolar planets are announced by astronomers Aleksander Wolszczan and Dale Frail. They discovered two planets orbiting the pulsar PSR 1257+12. 1996 – First Chechen War: Chechen separatists launch a raid against the helicopter airfield and later a civilian hospital in the city of Kizlyar in the neighboring Dagestan, which turns into a massive hostage crisis involving thousands of civilians. 1997 – Comair Flight 3272 crashes in Raisinville Township in Monroe County, Michigan, killing 29 people. 2003 – TANS Perú Flight 222 crashes on approach to Chachapoyas Airport in Chachapoyas, Peru, killing 46 people. 2004 – An inflatable boat carrying illegal Albanian emigrants stalls near the Karaburun Peninsula en route to Brindisi, Italy; exposure to the elements kills 28. This is the second deadliest marine disaster in Albanian history. 2005 – Mahmoud Abbas wins the election to succeed Yasser Arafat as President of the Palestinian National Authority, replacing interim president Rawhi Fattouh. 2005 – The Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of Sudan sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War. 2007 – Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco. 2011 – Iran Air Flight 277 crashes near Urmia in the northwest of the country, in icy conditions, killing 78 people. 2014 – An explosion at a Mitsubishi Materials chemical plant in Yokkaichi, Japan, kills at least five people and injures 17 others. 2015 – The perpetrators of the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris two days earlier are both killed after a hostage situation; a second hostage situation, related to the Charlie Hebdo shooting, occurs at a Jewish market in Vincennes. 2015 – A mass poisoning at a funeral in Mozambique involving beer that was contaminated with Burkholderia gladioli leaves 75 dead and over 230 people ill.
2021 – Sriwijaya Air Flight 182 crashes north of Jakarta, Indonesia, killing all 62 people on board.

727 – Emperor Daizong of Tang (d. 779)
1418 – Juan Ramón Folch III de Cardona, Aragonese admiral (d. 1485)
1554 – Pope Gregory XV (d. 1623)
1571 – Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, French commander (d. 1621)
1590 – Simon Vouet, French painter (d. 1649)

1606 – William Dugard, English printer (d. 1662)
1624 – Empress Meishō of Japan (d. 1696)
1645 – Sir William Villiers, 3rd Baronet, English noble and politician (date baptized; d. 1712)
1674 – Reinhard Keiser, German composer (d. 1739)
1685 – Tiberius Hemsterhuis, Dutch philologist and critic (d. 1766)
1728 – Thomas Warton, English poet, historian, and critic (d. 1790)
1735 – John Jervis, 1st Earl of St Vincent, English admiral and politician (d. 1823)
1745 – Caleb Strong, American lawyer and politician, 6th Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1819)
1753 – Luísa Todi, Portuguese soprano and actress (d. 1833)
1773 – Cassandra Austen, English painter and illustrator (d. 1845)
1778 – Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, Turkish Ney player and composer (d. 1846)
1811 – Gilbert Abbott à Beckett, English journalist and author (d. 1856)
1818 – Antoine Samuel Adam Salomon, French sculptor and photographer (d. 1881)
1819 – James Francis, English Australian businessman and politician, 9th Premier of Victoria (d. 1884)
1822 – Carol Benesch, Czech Romanian architect, designed the Peleș Castle (d. 1896)
1823 – Friedrich von Esmarch, German surgeon and academic (d. 1908)
1829 – Thomas William Robertson, English director and playwright (d. 1871)
1829 – Adolf Schlagintweit, German botanist and explorer (d. 1857)
1832 – Félix Gabriel Marchand, Canadian journalist and politician, 11th Premier of Quebec (d. 1900)
1839 – John Knowles Paine, American composer and academic (d. 1906)
1848 – Princess Frederica of Hanover (d. 1926)
1849 – John Hartley, English tennis player (d. 1935)
1854 – Jennie Jerome, American born wife of Lord Randolph Churchill, mother of Sir Winston Churchill (d. 1921)
1856 – Anton Aškerc, Slovenian priest and poet (d. 1912)
1859 – Carrie Chapman Catt, American activist, founded the League of Women Voters and International Alliance of Women (d. 1947)
1864 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian mathematician and physicist (d. 1926)
1868 – S. P. L. Sørensen, Danish chemist and academic (d. 1939)
1870 – Joseph Strauss, American engineer, co designed the Golden Gate Bridge (d. 1938)
1873 – Hayim Nahman Bialik, Ukrainian Austrian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1934)
1873 – Thomas Curtis, American sprinter and hurdler (d. 1944)
1873 – John Flanagan, Irish American hammer thrower (d. 1938)
1875 – Gertrude Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor and art collector, founded the Whitney Museum of American Art (d. 1942)
1879 – John B. Watson, American psychologist and academic (d. 1958)
1881 – Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (d. 1938)
1881 – Giovanni Papini, Italian journalist, author, and poet (d. 1956)
1885 – Charles Bacon, American runner and hurdler (d. 1968)
1886 – Lloyd Loar, American sound engineer and instrument designer (d. 1943)
1889 – Vrindavan Lal Verma, Indian author and playwright (d. 1969)
1890 – Karel Čapek, Czech author and playwright (d. 1938)
1890 – Kurt Tucholsky, German Swedish journalist and author (d. 1935)
1892 – Eva Bowring, American lawyer and politician (d. 1985)
1893 – Edwin Baker, Canadian soldier and educator, co founded the Canadian National Institute for the Blind (d. 1968)
1896 – Warwick Braithwaite, New Zealand English conductor and director (d. 1971)
1897 – Karl Löwith, German philosopher, author, and academic (d. 1973)
1897 – Halyna Kuzmenko, Ukrainian teacher and anarchist revolutionary (d. 1978)
1898 – Gracie Fields, English actress and singer (d. 1979)
1899 – Harald Tammer, Estonian journalist and weightlifter (d. 1942)
1900 – Richard Halliburton, American journalist and author (d. 1939)

1612 – Leonard Holliday, Lord Mayor of London (b. 1550)
1622 – Alix Le Clerc, French Canoness Regular and foundress (b. 1576)
1757 – Bernard Le Bovier de Fontenelle, French author, poet, and playwright (b. 1657)
1762 – Antonio de Benavides, colonial governor of Florida (b. 1678)
1766 – Thomas Birch, English historian and author (b. 1705)
1799 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi, Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1718)
1800 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (b. 1762)
1805 – Noble Wimberly Jones, American physician and politician (b. 1723)
1833 – Adrien Marie Legendre, French mathematician and theorist (b. 1752)
1843 – William Hedley, English engineer (b. 1773)
1848 – Caroline Herschel, German English astronomer (b. 1750)
1856 – Neophytos Vamvas, Greek cleric and educator (b. 1770)
1858 – Anson Jones, American physician and politician; 4th President of the Republic of Texas (b. 1798)
1873 – Napoleon III, French politician, 1st President of France (b. 1808)
1876 – Samuel Gridley Howe, American physician and activist (b. 1801)
1878 – Victor Emmanuel II of Italy (b. 1820)
1895 – Aaron Lufkin Dennison, American English businessman (b. 1812)

1901 – Richard Copley Christie, English lawyer and academic (b. 1830)
1908 – Wilhelm Busch, German poet, illustrator, and painter (b. 1832)
1908 – Abraham Goldfaden, Russian actor, playwright, and author (b. 1840)
1911 – Edwin Arthur Jones, American violinist and composer (b. 1853)
1911 – Edvard Rusjan, Italian Slovene pilot and engineer (b. 1886)
1917 – Luther D. Bradley, American cartoonist (b. 1853)
1918 – Charles Émile Reynaud, French scientist and educator, invented the Praxinoscope (b. 1844)
1923 – Katherine Mansfield, New Zealand novelist, short story writer, and essayist (b. 1888)
1924 – Ponnambalam Arunachalam, Sri Lankan civil servant and politician (b. 1853)
1927 – Houston Stewart Chamberlain, English German philosopher and author (b. 1855)
1930 – Edward Bok, Dutch American journalist and author (b. 1863)
1931 – Wayne Munn, American football player and wrestler (b. 1896)
1936 – John Gilbert, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1899)
1939 – Johann Strauss III, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1866)
1941 – Dimitrios Golemis, Greek runner (b. 1874)
1945 – Shigekazu Shimazaki, Japanese admiral and pilot (b. 1908)
1945 – Jüri Uluots, Estonian journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Estonia (b. 1890)
1945 – Osman Cemal Kaygılı, Turkish journalist, author, and playwright (b. 1890)
1946 – Countee Cullen, American poet and playwright (b. 1903)
1947 – Karl Mannheim, Hungarian English sociologist and academic (b. 1893)
1960 – Elsie J. Oxenham, English author and educator (b. 1880)
1961 – Emily Greene Balch, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1867)
1964 – Halide Edib Adıvar, Turkish author and academic (b. 1884)
1971 – Elmer Flick, American baseball player and scout (b. 1876)
1972 – Ted Shawn, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1891)
1975 – Pierre Fresnay, French actor and screenwriter (b. 1897)
1975 – Pyotr Novikov, Russian mathematician and theorist (b. 1901)
1979 – Pier Luigi Nervi, Italian engineer and architect, designed the Tour de la Bourse and Pirelli Tower (b. 1891)
1981 – Kazimierz Serocki, Polish pianist and composer (b. 1922)
1984 – Bob Dyer, American Australian radio and television host (b. 1909)
1985 – Robert Mayer, German English businessman and philanthropist (b. 1879)
1987 – Arthur Lake, American actor (b. 1905)
1988 – Peter L. Rypdal, Norwegian fiddler and composer (b. 1909)
1990 – Spud Chandler, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1907)
1990 – Cemal Süreya, Turkish poet and journalist (b. 1931)
1992 – Steve Brodie, American actor (b. 1919)
1992 – Bill Naughton, English playwright and screenwriter (b. 1910)
1993 – Paul Hasluck, Australian historian and politician, Governor General of Australia (b. 1905)
1995 – Souphanouvong, Laotian politician, 1st President of Laos (b. 1909)
1995 – Peter Cook, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1937)
1996 – Walter M. Miller, Jr., American soldier and author (b. 1923)
1996 – Abdullah al Qasemi, Saudi atheist, writer, and intellectual (b. 1907)
1997 – Edward Osóbka Morawski, Polish politician, Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1909)
1997 – Jesse White, American actor (b. 1917)
1998 – Kenichi Fukui, Japanese chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
1998 – Imi Lichtenfeld, Slovakian Israeli martial artist, founded Krav Maga (b. 1910)
2000 – Arnold Alexander Hall, English engineer and academic (b. 1915)
2000 – Nigel Tranter, Scottish historian and author (b. 1909)
2001 – Maurice Prather, American photographer and director (b. 1926)
2003 – Will McDonough, American journalist (b. 1935)
2004 – Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher and academic (b. 1909)
2006 – Andy Caldecott, Australian motorcycle racer (b. 1964)
2006 – W. Cleon Skousen, American author and academic (b. 1913)
2007 – Elmer Symons, South African motorcycle racer (b. 1977)
2007 – Jean Pierre Vernant, French anthropologist and historian (b. 1914)
2008 – Johnny Grant, American radio host and producer (b. 1923)
2008 – John Harvey Jones, English businessman and television host (b. 1924)
2009 – Rob Gauntlett, English mountaineer and explorer (b. 1987)
2009 – T. Llew Jones, Welsh author and poet (b. 1914)
2009 – Tan Chor Jin, Singaporean murderer and triad leader of Ang Soon Tong (b. 1966)
2011 – Makinti Napanangka, Australian painter (b. 1930)
2012 – Brian Curvis, Welsh boxer (b. 1937)
2012 – Augusto Gansser Biaggi, Swiss geologist and academic (b. 1910)
2012 – William G. Roll, German American psychologist and parapsychologist (b. 1926)
2012 – Malam Bacai Sanhá, Guinea Bissau politician, President of Guinea Bissau (b. 1947)
2012 – László Szekeres, Hungarian physician and academic (b. 1921)
2013 – Brigitte Askonas, Austrian English immunologist and academic (b. 1923)
2013 – James M. Buchanan, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
2013 – Robert L. Rock, American businessman and politician, 42nd Lieutenant Governor of Indiana (b. 1927)
2013 – John Wise, Canadian farmer and politician, 23rd Canadian Minister of Agriculture (b. 1935)
2014 – Amiri Baraka, American poet, playwright, and academic (b. 1934)
2014 – Josep Maria Castellet, Spanish poet and critic (b. 1926)
2014 – Paul du Toit, South African painter and sculptor (b. 1965)
2014 – Dale T. Mortensen, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1939)
2015 – Michel Jeury, French author (b. 1934)
2015 – Józef Oleksy, Polish economist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Poland (b. 1946)
2015 – Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (b. 1928)
2015 – Roy Tarpley, American basketball player (b. 1964)
2016 – John Harvard, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba (b. 1938)
2016 – Angus Scrimm, American actor and author (b. 1926)
2017 – Zygmunt Bauman, Polish sociologist (b. 1925)
2018 – Kato Ottio, Papua New Guinean rugby league player (b. 1994)
2019 – Verna Bloom, American actress (b. 1938)
2019 – Paul Koslo, German Canadian actor (b. 1944)
2021 – John Reilly, American actor (b. 1934)
2022 – Bob Saget, American comedian, actor, and television host (b. 1956)
2022 Maria Ewing, American opera singer (b. 1950)
2023 – Séamus Begley, Irish accordion player, fiddler and Irish traditional musician (b. 1949)
2024 – Rashid Khan, Indian classical musician (b. 1968)