Proatheris

Genus of snakes
Speciesbox
| image =
| genus = Proatheris
| parent authority = Broadley, 1996
| species = superciliaris
| authority = (W. Peters, 1854)
| synonyms = * Proatheris Broadley, 1996

Vipera superciliaris W. Peters, 1854
Bitis superciliaris — Kramer, 1961
Atheris superciliaris — Marx & Rabb, 1965
Proatheris superciliaris — Broadley, 1996

Proatheris superciliaris is a small species that averages 40 to 50 cm (about 16 to 20 inches) in total length (body + tail), with a maximum total length of The females are slightly larger than the males. The head has a somewhat elongated appearance, the top of which is covered with small scales except for a pair of large supraocular scales, which are almost twice as long as they are wide.

Common names for the Proatheris include the lowland viper, swamp viper, lowland swamp viper, eyebrow viper, swamp adder, Mozambique viper, African lowland viper, and the domino viper.

It is found in East Africa. The southern part of its range begins near Beira, in central Mozambique, extends up north over the Mozambique Plain to Quissanga, and through Malawi and as far north as the floodplains of southern Tanzania at the northern end of Lake Malawi. The type locality given is "Terra Querimba" (= Quissanga mainland opposite Ilha Quirimba, Mozambique).

The first known case of a survivor of snakebite by this species was reported by Els (1988), involving a juvenile and 24 year old victim penetrated by a single fang. The results were painful, but there were none of the strongly hemotoxic symptoms that had been associated with Atheris venom up to that point.

This species was previously placed in the genus Atheris based on skull characteristics and because of its partially prehensile tail.

The generic name, Proatheris, is Latin for "before atheris".