Ключевые события мировой истории: от античности до начала XX века.

363 – The Roman emperor Julian defeats the Sasanian army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Sasanian capital, but is unable to take the city. 1108 – Battle of Uclés: Almoravid troops under the command of Tamim ibn Yusuf defeat a Castile and León alliance under the command of Prince Sancho Alfónsez. 1167 – Battle of Monte Porzio: A Roman army supporting Pope Alexander III is defeated by Christian of Buch and Rainald of Dassel. 1176 – Battle of Legnano: The Lombard League defeats Emperor Frederick I. 1233 – Mongol–Jin war: The Mongols entered Kaifeng after a successful siege and began looting in the fallen capital of the Jin dynasty. 1328 – Philip VI is crowned King of France. 1416 – Battle of Gallipoli: The Venetians under Pietro Loredan defeat a much larger Ottoman fleet off Gallipoli. 1453 – Fall of Constantinople: Ottoman armies under Sultan Mehmed II capture Constantinople after a 53 day siege, ending the Roman Empire after over 2,000 years.

1658 – Battle of Samugarh: decisive battle in the struggle for the throne during the Mughal war of succession (1658–1659). 1660 – English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland. 1733 – The right of settlers in New France to enslave natives is upheld at Quebec City. 1780 – American Revolutionary War: At the Battle of Waxhaws, the British continue attacking after the Continentals lay down their arms, killing 113 and critically wounding all but 53 that remained. 1790 – Rhode Island becomes the last of North America's original Thirteen Colonies to ratify the Constitution and become one of the United States. 1798 – United Irishmen Rebellion: Between 300 and 500 United Irishmen are executed as rebels by the British Army in County Kildare, Ireland. 1807 – Mustafa IV became Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam. 1825 – The Coronation of Charles X of France takes place in Reims Cathedral, the last ever coronation of a French monarch. 1851 – Sojourner Truth delivers her famous Ain't I a Woman? speech at the Woman’s Rights Convention in Akron, Ohio. 1852 – Jenny Lind leaves New York after her two year American tour. 1861 – The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce is founded, in Hong Kong. 1864 – Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico arrives in Mexico for the first time. 1867 – The Austro Hungarian Compromise of 1867 ("the Compromise") is born through Act 12, which establishes the Austro Hungarian Empire. 1868 – Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated. 1886 – The pharmacist John Pemberton places his first advertisement for Coca Cola, which appeared in The Atlanta Journal. 1900 – N'Djamena is founded as Fort Lamy by the French commander Émile Gentil.

1903 – In the May Coup, Alexander I, King of Serbia, and Queen Draga, are assassinated in Belgrade by the Black Hand (Crna Ruka) organization. 1913 – Igor Stravinsky's ballet score The Rite of Spring receives its premiere performance in Paris, France, provoking a riot. 1914 – The Ocean liner sinks in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with the loss of 1,012 lives. 1918 – Armenia defeats the Ottoman Army in the Battle of Sardarabad. 1919 – Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity is tested (later confirmed) by Arthur Eddington and Andrew Claude de la Cherois Crommelin. 1920 – The Louth flood of 1920 was a severe flash flooding in the Lincolnshire market town of Louth, resulting in 23 fatalities in 20 minutes. It has been described as one of the most significant flood disasters in the United Kingdom during the 20th century. 1931 – Michele Schirru, a citizen of the United States, is executed by a Royal Italian Army firing squad for intent to kill Benito Mussolini. 1932 – World War I veterans begin to assemble in Washington, D. C., in the Bonus Army to request cash bonuses promised to them to be paid in 1945. 1935 – First flight of the Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter aeroplane. 1945 – First combat mission of the Consolidated B 32 Dominator heavy bomber. 1947 – United Airlines Flight 521 crashes at LaGuardia Airport, killing 43. 1948 – United Nations Truce Supervision Organization is founded. 1950 – The St. Roch, the first ship to circumnavigate North America, arrives in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. 1953 – Edmund Hillary and Sherpa Tenzing Norgay become the first people to reach the summit of Mount Everest, on Tenzing Norgay's (adopted) 39th birthday. 1964 – The Arab League meets in East Jerusalem to discuss the Palestinian question, leading to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Organization. 1964 – Having deposed them in a January coup South Vietnamese leader Nguyễn Khánh had rival Generals Trần Văn Đôn and Lê Văn Kim convicted of "lax morality". 1973 – Tom Bradley is elected the first black mayor of Los Angeles, California. 1982 – Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit Canterbury Cathedral. 1982 – Falklands War: the British Army defeats the Argentine Army at the Battle of Goose Green. 1985 – Heysel Stadium disaster: Thirty nine association football fans die and hundreds are injured when a dilapidated retaining wall collapses. 1985 – Amputee Steve Fonyo completes cross Canada marathon at Victoria, British Columbia, after 14 months. 1988 – The U. S. President Ronald Reagan begins his first visit to the Soviet Union when he arrives in Moscow for a superpower summit with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. 1989 – Signing of an agreement between Egypt and the United States, allowing the manufacture of parts of the F 16 jet fighter plane in Egypt. 1990 – The Congress of People's Deputies of Russia elects Boris Yeltsin as President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. 1993 – The Miss Sarajevo beauty pageant is held in war torn Sarajevo drawing global attention to the plight of its citizens. 1999 – Olusegun Obasanjo takes office as President of Nigeria, the first elected and civilian head of state in Nigeria after 16 years of military rule. 1999 – Space Shuttle Discovery completes the first docking with the International Space Station. 2001 – The U. S. Supreme Court rules that the disabled golfer Casey Martin can use a cart to ride in tournaments. 2004 – The National World War II Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D. C.
2005 – France rejects the Constitution of the European Union in a national referendum. 2008 – A doublet earthquake, of combined magnitude 6.1, strikes Iceland near the town of Selfoss, injuring 30 people. 2012 – A 5.8 magnitude earthquake hits northern Italy near Bologna, killing at least 24 people. 2015 – One World Observatory at One World Trade Center opens. 2021 – A Cessna Citation I/SP crashes into Percy Priest Lake in Tennessee, killing all six people on board, including actor Joe Lara and his wife Gwen Shamblin Lara.

1421 – Charles, Prince of Viana (d. 1461)
1443 – Victor, Duke of Münsterberg, Reichsgraf, Duke of Münsterberg and Opava, Count of Glatz (d. 1500)
1504 – Antun Vrančić, Croatian archbishop (d. 1573)
1555 – George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes, English general and administrator (d. 1629)
1568 – Virginia de' Medici, Italian princess (d. 1615)
1594 – Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Bavarian field marshal (d. 1632)

1627 – Anne, Duchess of Montpensier, French princess (d. 1693)
1630 – Charles II of England (d. 1685)
1675 – Humphry Ditton, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1715)
1716 – Louis Jean Marie Daubenton, French zoologist and mineralogist (d. 1800)
1722 – James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, Irish soldier and politician (d. 1773)
1730 – Jackson of Exeter, English organist and composer (d. 1803)
1736 – Patrick Henry, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of Virginia (d. 1799)
1780 – Henri Braconnot, French chemist and pharmacist (d. 1855)
1794 – Johann Heinrich von Mädler, German astronomer and selenographer (d. 1874)
1797 – Louise Adéone Drölling, French painter (d. 1836)
1823 – John H. Balsley, American carpenter and inventor (d. 1895)
1860 – Isaac Albéniz, Spanish pianist and composer (d. 1909)
1871 – Clark Voorhees, American painter (d. 1933)
1873 – Rudolf Tobias, Estonian organist and composer (d. 1918)
1874 – G. K. Chesterton, English essayist, poet, and playwright (d. 1936)
1880 – Oswald Spengler, German historian and philosopher (d. 1936)
1892 – Alfonsina Storni, Swiss Argentinian poet and author (d. 1938)
1893 – Max Brand, American journalist and author (d. 1944)
1894 – Beatrice Lillie, Canadian English actress, singer and writer (d. 1989)
1894 – Josef von Sternberg, Austrian American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1969)
1897 – Erich Wolfgang Korngold, Czech American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1957)
1899 – Douglas Abbott, Canadian lawyer and politician, 10th Canadian Minister of Defence (d. 1987)

1660 – Frans van Schooten, Dutch mathematician and academic (b. 1615)
1691 – Cornelis Tromp, Dutch admiral (b. 1629)
1790 – Israel Putnam, American general (b. 1718)
1796 – Carl Fredrik Pechlin, Swedish general and politician (b. 1720)
1814 – Joséphine de Beauharnais, French empress, first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte (b. 1763)
1829 – Humphry Davy, English Swiss chemist and academic (b. 1778)
1847 – Emmanuel de Grouchy, Marquis de Grouchy, French general (b. 1766)
1862 – Franz Mirecki, Polish composer, music conductor, and music teacher (b. 1791)
1866 – Winfield Scott, American general, lawyer, and politician (b. 1786)
1873 – Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine (b. 1870)
1892 – Bahá'u'lláh, Persian religious leader, founded the Baháʼí Faith (b. 1817)
1896 – Gabriel Auguste Daubrée, French geologist and academic (b. 1814)

1903 – Bruce Price, American architect, designed the Château Frontenac and American Surety Building (b. 1845)
1910 – Mily Balakirev, Russian pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1837)
1911 – W. S. Gilbert, English playwright and poet (b. 1836)
1914 – Laurence Sydney Brodribb Irving, English author and playwright (b. 1871)
1914 – Henry Seton Karr, English explorer, hunter, and author (b. 1853)
1917 – Kate Harrington, American poet and educator (b. 1831)
1919 – Robert Bacon, American colonel and politician, 39th United States Secretary of State (b. 1860)
1920 – Carlos Deltour, French rower (b. 1864)
1921 – Abbott Handerson Thayer, American painter and educator (b. 1849)
1935 – Josef Suk, Czech violinist and composer (b. 1874)
1939 – Ursula Ledóchowska, Austrian Polish nun and saint, founded the Congregation of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus (b. 1865)
1941 – Léo Pol Morin, Canadian pianist, composer, and educator (b. 1892)
1942 – John Barrymore, American actor (b. 1882)
1946 – Martin Gottfried Weiss, German SS officer (b. 1905)
1948 – May Whitty, English actress (b. 1865)
1951 – Fanny Brice, American singer and comedian (b. 1891)
1951 – Dimitrios Levidis, Greek French soldier and composer (b. 1885)
1953 – Morgan Russell, American painter and educator (b. 1886)
1957 – James Whale, English director (b. 1889)
1958 – Juan Ramón Jiménez, Spanish poet and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
1963 – Netta Muskett, English author (b. 1887)
1966 – Ignace Lepp, Estonian French priest and psychologist (b. 1909)
1968 – Arnold Susi, Estonian lawyer and politician, Estonian Minister of Education (b. 1896)
1970 – John Gunther, American journalist and author (b. 1901)
1970 – Eva Hesse, American artist (b. 1936)
1972 – Moe Berg, American baseball player, coach, and spy (b. 1902)
1972 – Stephen Timoshenko, Ukrainian American engineer and academic (b. 1878)
1973 – George Harriman, English businessman (b. 1908)
1977 – Ba Maw, Burmese politician, Prime Minister of Burma (b. 1893)
1979 – Mary Pickford, Canadian American actress, producer, and screenwriter, co founder of United Artists (b. 1892)
1979 – John H. Wood Jr., American lawyer and judge (b. 1916)
1982 – Romy Schneider, German French actress (b. 1938)
1983 – Arvīds Pelše, Latvian Russian historian and politician (b. 1899)
1987 – Charan Singh, Indian politician, 5th Prime Minister of India (b. 1902)
1988 – Salem bin Laden, Saudi Arabian businessman (b. 1946)
1989 – George C. Homans, American sociologist and academic (b. 1910)
1991 – Margaret Barr (choreographer), Australian choreographer and teacher of dance drama (b. 1904)
1993 – Billy Conn, American boxer (b. 1917)
1994 – Erich Honecker, German lawyer and politician (b. 1912)
1994 – Lady May Abel Smith, member of the British Royal Family (b. 1906)
1996 – Tamara Toumanova, American ballerina and actress (b. 1919)
1997 – Jeff Buckley, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1966)
1998 – Barry Goldwater, American general, activist, and politician (b. 1909)
2003 – David Jefferies, English motorcycle racer (b. 1972)
2004 – Archibald Cox, American lawyer and politician, 31st United States Solicitor General (b. 1912)
2004 – Samuel Dash, American academic and politician (b. 1925)
2005 – John D'Amico, Canadian ice hockey player and referee (b. 1937)
2005 – Hamilton Naki, South African surgeon (b. 1926)
2005 – George Rochberg, American soldier and composer (b. 1918)
2006 – Jacques Bouchard, Canadian businessman (b. 1930)
2006 – Katarína Kolníková, Slovak actress (b. 1921)
2007 – Dave Balon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1938)
2007 – Lois Browne Evans, Bermudian lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
2008 – Paula Gunn Allen, American writer (b. 1939)
2008 – Luc Bourdon, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1987)
2008 – Harvey Korman, American actor and comedian (b. 1927)
2010 – Dennis Hopper, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1936)
2011 – Sergei Bagapsh, Abkhazian politician, 2nd President of Abkhazia (b. 1949)
2011 – Bill Clements, American soldier and politician, 42nd Governor of Texas (b. 1917)
2011 – Ferenc Mádl, Hungarian academic and politician, 14th President of Hungary (b. 1931)
2012 – Mark Minkov, Russian composer (b. 1944)
2012 – Kaneto Shindo, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1912)
2012 – Doc Watson, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1923)
2013 – Richard Ballantine, American English journalist and author (b. 1940)
2013 – Françoise Blanchard, French actress (b. 1954)
2013 – Andrew Greeley, American priest, sociologist, and author (b. 1928)
2013 – Mulgrew Miller, American pianist and composer (b. 1955)
2013 – Henry Morgentaler, Polish Canadian physician and activist (b. 1923)
2013 – Franca Rame, Italian actress and playwright (b. 1928)
2013 – Ludwig G. Strauss, German physician and academic (b. 1949)
2013 – Wali ur Rehman, Pakistani commander (b. 1970)
2014 – Christine Charbonneau, Canadian singer songwriter (b. 1943)
2014 – Walter Jakob Gehring, Swiss biologist and academic (b. 1939)
2014 – Peter Glaser, Czech American scientist and engineer (b. 1923)
2014 – Miljenko Prohaska, Croatian composer and conductor (b. 1925)
2014 – William M. Roth, American businessman (b. 1916)
2015 – Henry Carr, American football player and sprinter (b. 1942)
2015 – Doris Hart, American tennis player (b. 1925)
2015 – Betsy Palmer, American actress (b. 1926)
2017 – Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and politician, Military Leader of Panama (b. 1934)
2017 – Mordechai Tzipori, Israeli Lieutenant General and minister (b. 1924)
2017 – Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Greek politician and prime minister (b. 1918)
2020 – Maikanti Baru, Nigerian engineer, former chief of state oil firm. (b. 1959)
2021 – Gavin MacLeod, American actor, Christian activist, and author (b. 1931)
2021 – Mark Eaton, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1957)
2021 – B. J. Thomas, American singer (b. 1942)
2021 – Cornelius Sim, Bruneian cardinal (b. 1951)
2022 – Ronnie Hawkins, American rockabilly singer songwriter and guitarist. 2022 – Sidhu Moosewala, Indian singer, rapper, actor and politician. (b. 1993)