Ключевые события мировой истории

70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus and his Roman legions breach the Second Wall of Jerusalem. Jewish defenders retreat to the First Wall. The Romans build a circumvallation, cutting down all trees within 1381 – Beginning of the Peasants' Revolt in England. 1416 – The Council of Constance, called by Emperor Sigismund, a supporter of Antipope John XXIII, burns Jerome of Prague following a trial for heresy. 1431 – Hundred Years' War: In Rouen, France, the 19 year old Joan of Arc is burned at the stake by an English dominated tribunal. 1434 – Hussite Wars: Battle of Lipany: Effectively ending the war, Utraquist forces led by Diviš Bořek of Miletínek defeat and almost annihilate Taborite forces led by Prokop the Great. 1510 – During the reign of the Zhengde Emperor, Ming dynasty rebel leader Zhu Zhifan is defeated by commander Qiu Yue, ending the Prince of Anhua rebellion. 1536 – King Henry VIII of England marries Jane Seymour, a lady in waiting to his first two wives. 1539 – In Florida, Hernando de Soto lands at Tampa Bay with 600 soldiers with the goal of finding gold. 1574 – Henry III becomes King of France. 1588 – The last ship of the Spanish Armada sets sail from Lisbon heading for the English Channel.

1631 – Publication of Gazette de France, the first French newspaper. 1635 – Thirty Years' War: The Peace of Prague is signed. 1642 – From this date all honors granted by Charles I of England are retroactively annulled by Parliament. 1723 – Johann Sebastian Bach assumed the office of Thomaskantor in Leipzig, presenting his first new cantata, [[Die Elenden sollen essen, BWV 75, in the St. Nicholas Church on the first Sunday after Trinity. 1806 – Future U. S. President Andrew Jackson kills Charles Dickinson in a duel. 1814 – The First Treaty of Paris is signed, returning the French frontiers to their 1792 extent, and restoring the House of Bourbon to power. 1815 – The East Indiaman Arniston is wrecked during a storm at Waenhuiskrans, near Cape Agulhas, in present day South Africa, with the loss of 372 lives. 1834 – Minister of Justice Joaquim António de Aguiar issues a law seizing "all convents, monasteries, colleges, hospices and any other houses" from the Catholic religious orders in Portugal, earning him the nickname of "The Friar Killer". 1842 – John Francis attempts to murder Queen Victoria as she drives down Constitution Hill in London with Prince Albert. 1845 – The Fatel Razack coming from India, lands in the Gulf of Paria in Trinidad and Tobago carrying the first Indians to the country. 1854 – The Kansas–Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the U. S. territories of Kansas and Nebraska. 1866 – Bedrich Smetana's comic opera The Bartered Bride premiered in Prague. 1868 – Decoration Day (the predecessor of the modern "Memorial Day") is observed in the United States for the first time after a proclamation by John A. Logan, head of the Grand Army of the Republic (a veterans group). 1876 – Ottoman sultan Abdülaziz is deposed and succeeded by his nephew Murad V.
1876 – The secret decree of Ems Ukaz, issued by Russian Tsar Alexander II in the German city of Bad Ems, was aimed at stopping the printing and distribution of Ukrainian language publications in the Russian Empire. 1883 – In New York City, a stampede on the recently opened Brooklyn Bridge killed twelve people. 1899 – Pearl Hart, a female outlaw of the Old West, robs a stage coach 30 miles southeast of Globe, Arizona.

1911 – At the Indianapolis Motor Speedway, the first Indianapolis 500 ends with Ray Harroun in his Marmon Wasp becoming the first winner of the 500 mile auto race. 1913 – The Treaty of London is signed, ending the First Balkan War; Albania becomes an independent nation. 1914 – The new, and then the largest, Cunard ocean liner , 45,647 tons, sets sails on her maiden voyage from Liverpool, England, to New York City. 1922 – The Lincoln Memorial is dedicated in Washington, D. C
1925 – May Thirtieth Movement: Shanghai Municipal Police Force shoot and kill 13 protesting workers. 1937 – Memorial Day massacre: Chicago police shoot and kill ten labor demonstrators. 1941 – World War II: Manolis Glezos and Apostolos Santas climb the Athenian Acropolis and tear down the German flag. 1942 – World War II: One thousand British bombers launch a 90 minute attack on Cologne, Germany. 1943 – The Holocaust: Josef Mengele becomes chief medical officer of the Zigeunerfamilienlager (Romani family camp) at Auschwitz concentration camp. 1948 – A dike along the flooding Columbia River breaks, obliterating Vanport, Oregon within minutes. Fifteen people die and tens of thousands are left homeless. 1958 – Memorial Day: The remains of two unidentified American servicemen, killed in action during World War II and the Korean War respectively, are buried at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington National Cemetery. 1959 – The Auckland Harbour Bridge, crossing the Waitemata Harbour in Auckland, New Zealand, is officially opened by Governor General Charles Lyttelton, 10th Viscount Cobham. 1961 – The long time Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo is assassinated in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. 1961 – Viasa Flight 897 crashes after takeoff from Lisbon Airport, killing 61. 1963 – A protest against pro Catholic discrimination during the Buddhist crisis is held outside South Vietnam's National Assembly, the first open demonstration during the eight year presidency of Ngo Dinh Diem. 1966 – Former Congolese Prime Minister, Évariste Kimba, and several other politicians are publicly executed in Kinshasa on the orders of President Joseph Mobutu. 1967 – The Nigerian Eastern Region declares independence as the Republic of Biafra, sparking a civil war. 1968 – Charles de Gaulle reappears publicly after his flight to Baden Baden, Germany, and dissolves the French National Assembly by a radio appeal. Immediately after, less than one million of his supporters march on the Champs Élysées in Paris. This is the turning point of May 1968 events in France. 1971 – Mariner program: Mariner 9 is launched to map 70% of the surface, and to study temporal changes in the atmosphere and surface, of Mars. 1972 – The Angry Brigade goes on trial over a series of 25 bombings throughout the United Kingdom. 1972 – In Ben Gurion Airport (at the time: Lod Airport), Israel, members of the Japanese Red Army carry out the Lod Airport massacre, killing 24 people and injuring 78 others. 1974 – The Airbus A300 passenger aircraft first enters service. 1975 – European Space Agency is established. 1979 – Downeast Flight 46 crashes on approach to Knox County Regional Airport in Rockland, Maine, killing 17. 1982 – Cold War: Spain joins NATO. 1989 – Tiananmen Square protests of 1989: The 10 metre high "Goddess of Democracy" statue is unveiled in Tiananmen Square by student demonstrators. 1990 – Croatian Parliament is constituted after the first free, multi party elections, today celebrated as the National Day of Croatia. 1998 – The 6.5 Afghanistan earthquake shook the Takhar Province of northern Afghanistan with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VII (Very strong), killing around 4,000–4,500. 1998 – Nuclear Testing: Pakistan conducts an underground test in the Kharan Desert. It is reported to be a plutonium device with yield of 20kt TNT equivalent. 2003 – Depayin massacre: At least 70 people associated with the National League for Democracy are killed by government sponsored mob in Burma. Aung San Suu Kyi flees the scene, but is arrested soon afterwards. 2008 – Convention on Cluster Munitions is adopted. 2008 – TACA Flight 390 overshoots the runway at Toncontín International Airport in Tegucigalpa, Honduras and crashes, killing five people. 2012 – Former Liberian president Charles Taylor is sentenced to 50 years in prison for his role in atrocities committed during the Sierra Leone Civil War. 2013 – Nigeria passes a law banning same sex marriage. 2020 – The Crew Dragon Demo 2 launches from the Kennedy Space Center, becoming the first crewed orbital spacecraft to launch from the United States since 2011 and the first commercial flight to the International Space Station.

1010 – Ren Zong, Chinese emperor (d. 1063)
1201 – Theobald IV, count of Champagne (d. 1253)
1423 – Georg von Peuerbach, German mathematician and astronomer (d. 1461)
1464 – Barbara of Brandenburg, Bohemian queen (d. 1515)
1580 – Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza (d. 1634)
1599 – Samuel Bochart, French Protestant biblical scholar (d. 1667)

1623 – John Egerton, 2nd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Buckinghamshire (d. 1686)
1686 – Antonina Houbraken, Dutch illustrator (d. 1736)
1718 – Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (d. 1793)
1719 – Roger Newdigate, English politician (d. 1806)
1757 – Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1844)
1768 – Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty, French general (d. 1815)
1797 – Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann, German mineralogist and geologist (d. 1873)
1800 – Henri Marie Gaston Boisnormand de Bonnechose, French cardinal (d. 1883)
1814 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian philosopher and theorist (d. 1876)
1814 – Eugène Charles Catalan, Belgian French mathematician and academic (d. 1894)
1819 – William McMurdo, English general (d. 1894)
1820 – Pierre Joseph Olivier Chauveau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 1st Premier of Quebec (d. 1890)
1835 – Alfred Austin, English author, poet, and playwright (d. 1913)
1844 – Félix Arnaudin, French poet and photographer (d. 1921)
1845 – Amadeo I, Spanish king (d. 1890)
1846 – Peter Carl Fabergé, Russian goldsmith and jeweler (d. 1920)
1862 – Mirza Alakbar Sabir, Azerbaijani philosopher and poet (d. 1911)
1869 – Grace Andrews, American mathematician (d. 1951)
1874 – Ernest Duchesne, French physician (d. 1912)
1875 – Giovanni Gentile, Italian philosopher and academic (d. 1944)
1879 – Colin Blythe, English cricketer and soldier (d. 1917)
1879 – Konstantin Ramul, Estonian psychologist and academic (d. 1975)
1881 – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (d. 1968)
1882 – Wyndham Halswelle, English runner and soldier (d. 1915)
1883 – Sandy Pearce, Australian rugby league player (d. 1930)
1884 – Siegmund Glücksmann, German soldier and politician (d. 1942)
1885 – Villem Grünthal Ridala, Estonian poet and linguist (d. 1942)
1886 – Laurent Barré, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1964)
1886 – Randolph Bourne, American theorist and author (d. 1918)
1887 – Alexander Archipenko, Ukrainian American sculptor and illustrator (d. 1964)
1887 – Emil Reesen, Danish pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1964)
1890 – Roger Salengro, French soldier and politician, French Minister of the Interior (d. 1936)
1892 – Fernando Amorsolo, Filipino painter (d. 1972)
1894 – Hubertus van Mook, Dutch politician, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1965)
1895 – Maurice Tate, English cricketer (d. 1956)
1896 – Howard Hawks, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1977)
1897 – Frank Wise, Australian politician, 16th Premier of Western Australia (d. 1986)
1898 – John Gilroy, English artist and illustrator (d. 1985)
1899 – Irving Thalberg, American screenwriter and producer (d. 1936)

1606 – Guru Arjan Dev, fifth of the Sikh gurus (b. 1563)
1640 – Peter Paul Rubens, German Belgian painter (b. 1577)
1696 – Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1638)
1670 – John Davenport, English minister, co founded the New Haven Colony (b. 1597)
1712 – Andrea Lanzani, Italian painter (b. 1645)
1718 – Arnold van Keppel, 1st Earl of Albemarle, Dutch English general (b. 1670)
1744 – Alexander Pope, English poet, essayist, and translator (b. 1688)
1770 – François Boucher, French painter and set designer (b. 1703)
1778 – Voltaire, French philosopher and author (b. 1694)
1778 – José de la Borda, French/Spanish mining magnate in colonial Mexico (b. ca. 1700)
1829 – Philibert Jean Baptiste Curial, French general (b. 1774)
1832 – James Mackintosh, Scottish historian, jurist, and politician (b. 1765)
1855 – Mary Reibey, Australian businesswoman, (b. 1777)
1873 – Karamat Ali Jaunpuri, Indian Muslim scholar, (b. 1800)
1892 – Mary Hannah Gray Clarke, American author, correspondent, and poet (b. 1835)
1865 – John Catron, American lawyer and judge (b. 1786)
1867 – Ramón Castilla, Peruvian military leader and politician, President of Peru (b. 1797)

1901 – Victor D'Hondt, Belgian mathematician, lawyer, and jurist (b. 1841)
1911 – Milton Bradley, American businessman, founded the Milton Bradley Company (b. 1836)
1912 – Wilbur Wright, American pilot and businessman, co founded the Wright Company (b. 1867)
1918 – Georgi Plekhanov, Russian philosopher and theorist (b. 1856)
1920 – Mirza Muhammad Yusuf Ali, Bengali writer and social activist (b. 1858)
1925 – Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, German historian and author (b. 1876)
1926 – Vladimir Steklov, Russian mathematician and physicist (b. 1864)
1934 – Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (b. 1848)
1939 – Floyd Roberts, American race car driver (b. 1904)
1941 – Prajadhipok, Thai king (b. 1893)
1946 – Louis Slotin, Canadian physicist and chemist (b. 1910)
1947 – Georg von Trapp, Austrian captain (b. 1880)
1948 – József Klekl, Slovene Hungarian priest and politician (b. 1874)
1949 – Emmanuel Célestin Suhard, French cardinal (b. 1874)
1951 – Hermann Broch, Austrian American author (b. 1886)
1953 – Dooley Wilson, American actor and singer (b. 1886)
1955 – Bill Vukovich, American race car driver (b. 1918)
1957 – Piero Carini, Italian race car driver (b. 1921)
1960 – Boris Pasternak, Russian poet, novelist, and literary translator, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1890)
1961 – Rafael Trujillo, Dominican soldier and politician, 36th President of the Dominican Republic (b. 1891)
1964 – Isaac Babalola Akinyele, Nigerian king (b. 1882)
1964 – Eddie Sachs, American race car driver (b. 1927)
1964 – Leó Szilárd, Hungarian American physicist and engineer (b. 1898)
1965 – Louis Hjelmslev, Danish linguist and academic (b. 1899)
1967 – Claude Rains, English American actor (b. 1889)
1971 – Marcel Dupré, French organist and composer (b. 1886)
1975 – Steve Prefontaine, American runner (b. 1951)
1975 – Tatsuo Shimabuku, Japanese martial artist, founded Isshin ryū (b. 1908)
1975 – Michel Simon, Swiss born French actor (b. 1895)
1976 – Max Carey, American baseball player, coach, and manager (b. 1890)
1976 – Mitsuo Fuchida, Japanese captain (b. 1902)
1978 – Jean Deslauriers, Canadian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1909)
1980 – Carl Radle, American bass player and producer (b. 1942)
1981 – Don Ashby, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1955)
1981 – Ziaur Rahman, Bangladeshi general and politician, 7th President of Bangladesh (b. 1936)
1982 – Albert Norden, German journalist and politician (b. 1904)
1984 – Manuel Buendía, Mexican journalist and political columnist (b. 1926)
1986 – Perry Ellis, American fashion designer, founded his own eponymous fashion brand (b. 1940)
1993 – Sun Ra, American pianist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1914)
1994 – Ezra Taft Benson, American religious leader, 13th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (b. 1899)
1994 – Marcel Bich, Italian French businessman, co founded Société Bic (b. 1914)
1994 – Agostino Di Bartolomei, Italian footballer (b. 1955)
1995 – Ted Drake, English footballer and manager (b. 1912)
1995 – Lofty England, English Austrian engineer (b. 1911)
1995 – Bobby Stokes, English footballer (b. 1951)
1996 – Léon Étienne Duval, French cardinal (b. 1903)
1996 – Alo Mattiisen, Estonian composer (b. 1961)
1999 – Kalju Lepik, Estonian poet and author (b. 1920)
2000 – Tex Beneke, American saxophonist and bandleader (b. 1914)
2001 – Denis Whitaker, Canadian general and historian (b. 1915)
2005 – Gérald Leblanc, Acadian poet (b. 1945)
2005 – Tomasz Pacyński, Polish journalist and author (b. 1958)
2005 – Alma Ziegler, American baseball player and stenographer (b. 1918)
2006 – Shohei Imamura, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1926)
2006 – David Lloyd, New Zealand biologist and academic (b. 1938)
2006 – Robert Sterling, American actor (b. 1917)
2007 – Jean Claude Brialy, Algerian French actor and director (b. 1933)
2007 – Birgit Dalland, Norwegian politician (b. 1907)
2007 – Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, Indian poet and critic (b. 1927)
2009 – Torsten Andersson, Swedish painter and illustrator (b. 1926)
2009 – Susanna Haapoja, Finnish politician (b. 1966)
2009 – Ephraim Katzir, Israeli biophysicist and politician, 4th President of Israel (b. 1916)
2010 – Yuri Chesnokov, Russian volleyball player and coach (b. 1933)
2010 – Dufferin Roblin, Canadian commander and politician, 14th Premier of Manitoba (b. 1917)
2011 – Isikia Savua, Fijian police officer and diplomat (b. 1952)
2011 – Saleem Shahzad, Pakistani journalist (b. 1970)
2011 – Marek Siemek, Polish philosopher and historian (b. 1942)
2011 – Clarice Taylor, American actress (b. 1917)
2011 – Rosalyn Sussman Yalow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1921)
2012 – John Fox, American comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1957)
2012 – Andrew Huxley, English physiologist and biophysicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
2012 – Gerhard Pohl, German economist and politician (b. 1937)
2012 – Jack Twyman, American basketball player and sportscaster (b. 1934)
2013 – Jayalath Jayawardena, Sri Lankan physician and politician (b. 1953)
2013 – Larry Jones, American football player and coach (b. 1933)
2014 – Hienadz Buraukin, Belarusian poet, journalist, and diplomat (b. 1936)
2014 – Henning Carlsen, Danish director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1927)
2014 – Joan Lorring, British actress (b. 1926)
2014 – Leonidas Vasilikopoulos, Greek admiral (b. 1932)
2015 – Beau Biden, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 44th Attorney General of Delaware (b. 1969)
2015 – Joël Champetier, Canadian author and screenwriter (b. 1957)
2015 – L. Tom Perry, American religious leader and member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints (b. 1922)
2016 – Tom Lysiak, Polish Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1953)
2016 – Rick MacLeish, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1950)
2019 – Thad Cochran, American lawyer and politician (b. 1937)
2019 – Jason Marcano, Trinidadian footballer (b. 1983)
2020 – Michael Angelis, British actor (b. 1944)
2021 – Jason Dupasquier, Swiss motorcycle road racer (b. 2001)