Исторические события разных лет

585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce. This is one of the cardinal dates from which other dates can be calculated. It is also the earliest event of which the precise date is known. 621 – Battle of Hulao: Li Shimin, the son of the Chinese emperor Gaozu, defeats the numerically superior forces of Dou Jiande near the Hulao Pass (Henan). This victory decides the outcome of the civil war that followed the Sui dynasty's collapse in favour of the Tang dynasty. 1242 – Avignonet massacre: A group of Cathars, with the probable connivance of Count Raymond VII of Toulouse, murdered the inquisitor William Arnaud and eleven of his companions. 1533 – The Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, declares the marriage of King Henry VIII of England to Anne Boleyn valid. 1588 – The Spanish Armada, with 130 ships and 30,000 men, sets sail from Lisbon, Portugal, heading for the English Channel. (It will take until May 30 for all ships to leave port.)

1644 – English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby. 1754 – French and Indian War: In the first engagement of the war, Virginia militia under the 22 year old Lieutenant colonel George Washington defeat a French reconnaissance party in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in what is now Fayette County in southwestern Pennsylvania. 1802 – In Guadeloupe, 400 rebellious slaves, led by Louis Delgrès, blow themselves up rather than submit to Napoleon's troops. 1830 – U. S. President Andrew Jackson signs the Indian Removal Act which denies Native Americans their land rights and forcibly relocates them. 1871 – The Paris Commune falls after two months. 1892 – In San Francisco, John Muir organizes the Sierra Club.

1905 – Russo Japanese War: The Battle of Tsushima ends with the destruction of the Russian Baltic Fleet by Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō and the Imperial Japanese Navy. 1907 – The first Isle of Man TT race is held. 1918 – The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the First Republic of Armenia declare their independence. 1926 – The 28 May 1926 coup d'état: Ditadura Nacional is established in Portugal to suppress the unrest of the First Republic. 1932 – In the Netherlands, construction of the Afsluitdijk is completed and the Zuiderzee bay is converted to the freshwater IJsselmeer. 1934 – Near Callander, Ontario, Canada, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne; they will be the first quintuplets to survive infancy. 1936 – Alan Turing submits On Computable Numbers for publication. 1937 – Volkswagen, the German automobile manufacturer, is founded. 1940 – World War II: Belgium surrenders to Nazi Germany to end the Battle of Belgium. 1940 – World War II: Norwegian, French, Polish and British forces recapture Narvik in Norway. This is the first Allied infantry victory of the War. 1948 – Daniel François Malan is elected as Prime Minister of South Africa. He later goes on to implement Apartheid. 1958 – Cuban Revolution: Fidel Castro's 26th of July Movement, heavily reinforced by Frank Pais Militia, overwhelm an army post in El Uvero. 1961 – Peter Benenson's article The Forgotten Prisoners is published in several internationally read newspapers. This will later be thought of as the founding of the human rights organization Amnesty International. 1964 – The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is founded, with Yasser Arafat elected as its first leader. 1968 – Garuda Indonesian Airways Flight 892 crashes near Nala Sopara in India, killing 30. 1974 – Northern Ireland's power sharing Sunningdale Agreement collapses following a general strike by loyalists. 1975 – Fifteen West African countries sign the Treaty of Lagos, creating the Economic Community of West African States. 1977 – In Southgate, Kentucky, the Beverly Hills Supper Club is engulfed in fire, killing 165 people inside. 1979 – Konstantinos Karamanlis signs the full treaty of the accession of Greece with the European Economic Community. 1987 – An 18 year old West German pilot, Mathias Rust, evades Soviet Union air defences and lands a private plane in Red Square in Moscow, Russia. 1991 – The capital city of Addis Ababa falls to the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, ending both the Derg regime in Ethiopia and the Ethiopian Civil War. 1995 – The 7.0 Neftegorsk earthquake shakes the former Russian settlement of Neftegorsk with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). Total damage was $64.1–300 million, with 1,989 deaths and 750 injured. The settlement was not rebuilt. 1996 – U. S. President Bill Clinton's former business partners in the Whitewater land deal, Jim McDougal and Susan McDougal, and the Governor of Arkansas, Jim Guy Tucker, are convicted of fraud. 1998 – Nuclear testing: Pakistan responds to a series of nuclear tests by India with five of its own codenamed Chagai I, prompting the United States, Japan, and other nations to impose economic sanctions. Pakistan celebrates Youm e Takbir annually. 1999 – In Milan, Italy, after 22 years of restoration work, Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece The Last Supper is put back on display. 2002 – The last steel girder is removed from the original World Trade Center site. Cleanup duties officially end with closing ceremonies at Ground Zero in Manhattan, New York City. 2003 – Peter Hollingworth resigns as Governor General of Australia following criticism of his handling of child sexual abuse allegations during his tenure as Anglican Archbishop of Brisbane. 2004 – The Iraqi Governing Council chooses Ayad Allawi, a longtime anti Saddam Hussein exile, as prime minister of Iraq's interim government. 2008 – The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly of Nepal formally declares Nepal a republic, ending the 240 year reign of the Shah dynasty. 2010 – In West Bengal, India, the Jnaneswari Express train derailment and subsequent collision kills 148 passengers. 2011 – Malta votes on the introduction of divorce; the proposal was approved by 53% of voters, resulting in a law allowing divorce under certain conditions being enacted later in the year. 2016 – Harambe, a gorilla, is shot to death after grabbing a three year old boy in his enclosure at the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, resulting in widespread criticism and sparking various internet memes. 2017 – Former Formula One driver Takuma Sato wins his first Indianapolis 500, the first Japanese and Asian driver to do so. Double world champion Fernando Alonso retires from an engine issue in his first entry of the event.

1140 – Xin Qiji, Chinese poet, general, and politician (d. 1207)
1371 – John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1419)
1588 – Pierre Séguier, French politician, Lord Chancellor of France (d. 1672)
1589 – Robert Arnauld d'Andilly, French writer (d. 1674)

1663 – António Manoel de Vilhena, Grand Master of the Order of Saint John (d. 1736)
1676 – Jacopo Riccati, Italian mathematician and academic (d. 1754)
1692 – Geminiano Giacomelli, Italian composer (d. 1740)
1738 – Joseph Ignace Guillotin, French physician (d. 1814)
1759 – William Pitt the Younger, English lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1806)
1763 – Manuel Alberti, Argentinian priest and journalist (d. 1811)
1764 – Edward Livingston, American jurist and politician, 11th United States Secretary of State (d. 1836)
1779 – Thomas Moore, Irish poet and composer (d. 1852)
1807 – Louis Agassiz, Swiss American paleontologist and geologist (d. 1873)
1818 – P. G. T. Beauregard, American general (d. 1893)
1828 – Ratmalane Sri Dharmaloka Thera, Buddhist monk and scholar, founder of Vidyalankara Pirivena (d. 1885)
1836 – Friedrich Baumfelder, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1916)
1836 – Alexander Mitscherlich, German chemist and academic (d. 1918)
1837 – George Ashlin, Irish architect, co designed St Colman's Cathedral (d. 1921)
1837 – Tony Pastor, American impresario, variety performer and theatre owner (d. 1908)
1841 – Sakaigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 14th Yokozuna (d. 1887)
1853 – Carl Larsson, Swedish painter and author (d. 1919)
1858 – Carl Richard Nyberg, Swedish inventor and businessman, developed the blow torch (d. 1939)
1872 – Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist and mountaineer (d. 1917)
1878 – Paul Pelliot, French sinologist and explorer (d. 1945)
1879 – Milutin Milanković, Serbian mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (d. 1958)
1883 – Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Indian poet and politician (d. 1966)
1883 – Clough Williams Ellis, English Welsh architect, designed the Portmeirion Village (d. 1978)
1884 – Edvard Beneš, Czech academic and politician, 2nd and 4th President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1948)
1886 – Santo Trafficante, Sr., Italian American mobster (d. 1954)
1888 – Kaarel Eenpalu, Estonian journalist and politician, 6th Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1942)
1888 – Vivienne Haigh Wood Eliot, English author and educator (d. 1947)
1888 – Jim Thorpe, American decathlete, football player, and coach (d. 1953)
1889 – Richard Réti, Slovak Czech chess player and author (d. 1929)
1892 – Minna Gombell, American actress (d. 1973)
1900 – Tommy Ladnier, American trumpet player (d. 1939)

1626 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (b. 1561)
1651 – Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent, English politician (b. 1594)
1672 – John Trevor, Welsh politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (b. 1626)
1727 – Juan de Ayala y Escobar, Governor of Spanish Florida (1716 1718) (b. 1635)
1747 – Luc de Clapiers, marquis de Vauvenargues, French author (b. 1715)
1750 – Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (b. 1720)
1787 – Leopold Mozart, Austrian violinist, composer, and conductor (b. 1719)
1805 – Luigi Boccherini, Italian cellist and composer (b. 1743)
1808 – Richard Hurd, English bishop (b. 1720)
1811 – Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount Melville, Scottish lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for War (b. 1742)
1831 – William Carnegie, 7th Earl of Northesk, Scottish English admiral (b. 1756)
1843 – Noah Webster, American lexicographer (b. 1758)
1849 – Anne Brontë, English novelist and poet (b. 1820)
1864 – Simion Bărnuțiu, Romanian historian and politician (b. 1808)
1878 – John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1792)

1904 – Kicking Bear, Native American tribal leader (b. 1846)
1916 – Ivan Franko, Ukrainian economist, journalist, and poet (b. 1856)
1927 – Boris Kustodiev, Russian painter and stage designer (b. 1878)
1930 – Frank Cowper, English yachtsman, author and illustrator (b. 1849)
1937 – Alfred Adler, Austrian Scottish ophthalmologist and psychologist (b. 1870)
1946 – Carter Glass, American publisher and politician, 47th United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1858)
1947 – August Eigruber, Austrian German politician (b. 1907)
1952 – Philippe Desranleau, Canadian archbishop (b. 1882)
1953 – Tatsuo Hori, Japanese author and poet (b. 1904)
1964 – Terry Dillon, American football player (b. 1941)
1968 – Fyodor Okhlopkov, Russian sergeant and sniper (b. 1908)
1971 – Audie Murphy, American soldier and actor, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1925)
1972 – Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (b. 1894)
1975 – Ezzard Charles, American boxer (b. 1921)
1976 – Zainul Abedin, Bangladeshi painter and sculptor (b. 1914)
1980 – Rolf Nevanlinna, Finnish mathematician and academic (b. 1895)
1981 – Mary Lou Williams, American pianist and composer (b. 1910)
1981 – Stefan Wyszyński, Polish cardinal (b. 1901)
1982 – H. Jones, English colonel, Victoria Cross recipient (b. 1940)
1983 – Erastus Corning 2nd, American soldier and politician, 72nd Mayor of Albany (b. 1909)
1984 – Eric Morecambe, English actor and comedian (b. 1926)
1984 – D'Urville Martin, American actor and director (b. 1939)
1986 – Edip Cansever, Turkish poet and author (b. 1928)
1988 – Sy Oliver, American trumpet player, composer, and bandleader (b. 1910)
1990 – Julius Eastman, American composer (b. 1940)
1994 – Julius Boros, American golfer (b. 1920)
1994 – Ely Jacques Kahn, Jr., American author and academic (b. 1916)
1998 – Phil Hartman, Canadian American actor and comedian (b. 1948)
1999 – Michael Barkai, Israeli commander (b. 1935)
1999 – B. Vittalacharya, Indian director and producer (b. 1920)
2000 – George Irving Bell, American physicist, biologist, and mountaineer (b. 1926)
2001 – Joe Moakley, American lawyer and politician (b. 1927)
2001 – Francisco Varela, Chilean biologist and philosopher (b. 1946)
2002 – Mildred Benson, American journalist and author (b. 1905)
2003 – Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1933)
2003 – Ilya Prigogine, Russian Belgian chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1917)
2003 – Martha Scott, American actress (b. 1912)
2004 – Michael Buonauro, American author and illustrator (b. 1979)
2004 – John Tolos, Greek Canadian wrestler (b. 1930)
2006 – Thorleif Schjelderup, Norwegian ski jumper and author (b. 1920)
2007 – Jörg Immendorff, German painter, sculptor, and academic (b. 1945)
2007 – Toshikatsu Matsuoka, Japanese politician, Japanese Minister of Agriculture (b. 1945)
2008 – Beryl Cook, English painter and illustrator (b. 1926)
2010 – Gary Coleman, American actor (b. 1968)
2011 – Gino Valenzano, Italian racing driver (b. 1920)
2012 – Bob Edwards, English journalist (b. 1925)
2012 – Yuri Susloparov, Ukrainian Russian footballer and manager (b. 1958)
2013 – Viktor Kulikov, Russian commander (b. 1921)
2013 – Eddie Romero, Filipino director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
2013 – Gerd Schmückle, German general (b. 1917)
2014 – Maya Angelou, American memoirist and poet (b. 1928)
2014 – Stan Crowther, English footballer (b. 1935)
2014 – Oscar Dystel, American publisher (b. 1912)
2014 – Malcolm Glazer, American businessman (b. 1928)
2014 – Bob Houbregs, Canadian American basketball player and manager (b. 1932)
2014 – Isaac Kungwane, South African footballer (b. 1971)
2015 – Steven Gerber, American pianist and composer (b. 1948)
2015 – Johnny Keating, Scottish trombonist, composer, and producer (b. 1927)
2015 – Reynaldo Rey, American actor and screenwriter (b. 1940)
2018 – Neale Cooper, Scottish footballer (b. 1963)
2018 – Jens Christian Skou, Danish medical doctor and Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1918)
2018 – Cornelia Frances, English Australian actress (b. 1941)
2021 – Mark Eaton, American basketball player (b. 1957)
2022 – Patricia Brake, English actress (b. 1942)
2023 – David Brewer, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Greater London (b. 1940)