Indie music scene

An independent music scene is a localized independent music oriented (or, more specifically, indie rock/indie pop oriented) community of bands and their audiences. Local scenes can play a key role in musical history and lead to the development of influential genres; for example, no wave from New York City, Madchester from Manchester, and grunge from Seattle. Indie scenes are often created as a response to mainstream or popular music. These scenes are created in opposition of mainstream culture and music and often contribute to the formation of oppositional identities among individuals involved in the scene.

The Japanese indie music scene began gaining mainstream success in the late 1990s with the so called "indie boom". Musicians involved with this scene, referred to as "individual producer composers", included Haruomi Hosono, Komoya Tesuya, Oyamada Keigo (also known as Cornelius), and Oda Tetsuro. Cornelius pioneered an indie music movement called Shibuya kei and released songs that gained international success such as the Pizzicato Five. Supercar's debut album Three Out Change from 1998 has been described as having "almost foundational importance to 21st century Japanese indie rock". A Japanese protectionist licensing policy prevents indie music from being sold via major media distribution networks. Indie records are only sold in small retail stores that import foreign records, which are not part of the industrial channels. This relegates the Japanese indie music into the context of a global scene. Current Japanese indie bands include the pillows, Asian Kung–Fu Generation, ogre you asshole, Straightener, Sakanaction, Acidman, fujifabric, and Beat Crusaders.

The indie scene in South Korea is sometimes referred to as "K Indie", a neologism derived from K pop. The centre of the Korean indie scene is the Hongdae area. Korean indie has gained some international exposure via YouTube. Bands/artists include The RockTigers, 10cm, Yozo, Jang Jae in, Jang Jae in, Hyukoh, and Jannabi.

Auckland, New Zealand: The Zwines scene was based around a nightclub/warehouse called Zwines and was known for punk bands like The Scavengers, The Stimulators and Suburban Reptiles (featuring Midnight Oil's Bones Hillman). Like the British 1980s indie music scene documented on the NME's C86 tape, this punk scene was documented on the AK79 album. Dunedin, New Zealand: The Dunedin sound was a style of indie pop music created in the southern New Zealand university city of Dunedin in the early 1980s, characterized by jangly guitars, minimalist basslines and loose drumming. Keyboards are also often prevalent. New Zealand based Flying Nun Records championed the scene; artists include The Clean (who gave the scene the name Dunedin sound), and The Chills.

Toronto, Ontario: In the mid 2000s an influx of independent bands infiltrated the music scene, such as Broken Social Scene, Death from Above 1979, Tokyo Police Club, Metric, Crystal Castles and The Carps gaining notoriety at home and abroad. Montreal, Quebec: The Montreal music scene has given rise to such musicians and groups as Sean Nicholas Savage, Grimes, Mac DeMarco, BRAIDS, Tegan and Sara, Arcade Fire, Stars, Cœur de Pirate, Islands, Plants and Animals, Wolf Parade, Sunset Rubdown, AIDS Wolf, Bell Orchestre, Godspeed You! Black Emperor and Patrick Watson. It is centered on the Mile End neighborhood, in the Borough of Le Plateau Mont Royal. Halifax, Nova Scotia: In the 1990s, Halifax was home to the "Halifax Pop Explosion" scene, including bands such as Sloan, Jale, Thrush Hermit, Rebecca West, The Super Friendz and The Hardship Post. After the early scene splintered somewhat in the late 1990s, artists including Joel Plaskett, Wintersleep, In Flight Safety, and Rich Aucoin formed a second wave in the 2000s.

Nantes, France: The Soy Festival takes place annually in Nantes in October, with a line up of mainly avant rock, noise rock and experimental rock. The biggest music venue in Nantes is Le Lieu Unique. Berlin, Germany became a cultural musical centre where artists moved to after 2000, including Peaches, Liars, Devastations, and IAMX. Labels include City Slang Records, and Giant Rooks. Hamburg, Germany was the center of German indie rock in the 1990s, the so called Hamburger Schule. Around 2000, a second wave of notable acts emerged from Hamburg, such as Tocotronic, Die Sterne, Die Goldenen Zitronen (who had been around since the 1980s), Blumfeld, Tomte, and Kettcar. Labels include Grand Hotel van Cleef and Tapete Records. Barcelona, Spain is known for its yearly Primavera Sound Festival, partly curated by ATP and Pitchfork Media. Some of the city's indie artists include Family, Los Planetas, Love of Lesbian, Antònia Font, and El Guincho.

The Hungarian indie scene is mainly active in the capital city, Budapest. In the early 2000s, Hungary's indie revival included Ligeti led The Puzzle from Kaposvár. In 2006 Amber Smith's album RePRINT was released by the German label Kalinkaland Records. In 2007 The Moog's Sold for Tomorrow was released by the US label MuSick Records. Other indie bands include EZ Basic, The KOLIN, Supersonic, The Poster Boy and Dawnstar. Two of the most important and prolific musicians are Imre Poniklo and György Ligeti.

A number of Swedish indie musicians have become famous internationally, mostly singing in English. The Cardigans gained early success in the mid 1990s. Some notable acts include: The Sounds, Lykke Li, Robyn, The Tallest Man on Earth, The Hives, Eskobar, The Soundtrack of Our Lives, Kent, First Aid Kit, Air France, Jens Lekman, The Knife, Shout Out Louds, The Radio Dept., Fever Ray, The Tough Alliance, and Life on Earth.

One of the first scenes recognised as being associated with the term 'indie music' rather than post punk, new wave or new music was C86, named after the release of the C86 cassette, a 1986 NME compilation featuring Primal Scream and other bands. The significance of C86 is recognized in the subtitle of its 2006 extended reissue: CD86: 48 Tracks from the Birth of Indie Pop. C86 was a document of the UK indie scene at the start of 1986, and it gave its name to the indie pop scene that followed, which was a major influence on the development of indie music as a whole. Significant record labels included Creation, Subway and Glass. The shoegazing scene of the late 1980s was named for band members' tendency to stare at their feet and guitar effects pedals onstage rather than interact with the audience. My Bloody Valentine and others created a loud "wash of sound" that obscured vocals and melodies with long, droning riffs, distortion, and feedback. Within the same decade, labels such as Cheree Records and Ché Trading amalgamated into an entity that the industry now refers to as Rocket Girl, which has since contributed significantly. The end of the 1980s saw the Madchester scene. Based around The Haçienda, a nightclub in Manchester owned by New Order and Factory Records, Madchester bands such as Happy Mondays and the Stone Roses mixed acid house dance rhythms, Northern soul and funk with melodic guitar pop. The Britpop scene developed in the early 1990s as part of a larger British cultural movement called Cool Britannia. In the wake of the musical invasion into the UK of American grunge bands, British bands positioned themselves as an opposing musical force. Influenced by the key British band of the 1980s, the Smiths, and adopting the unashamed commercial approach to which the C86 bands had seemed sometimes ideologically opposed, Britpop acts such as Oasis, Blur, Suede and Pulp referenced British guitar music of the past and aimed at writing about British topics and concerns. Commentary on Britpop noted a north–south divide, with The Good Mixer pub in Camden Town strongly identified with the Britpop scene in the south, though Oasis were signed to Creation Records in nearby Primrose Hill. Trip hop is a genre of electronic music that originated in the early 1990s in Bristol. The most notable artists are Massive Attack, Tricky and Portishead. Thamesbeat was an early 2000s scene based around Eel Pie Island in London featuring acts like Jamie T, Larrikin Love and Mystery Jets. In Liverpool, a 'cosmic Scouse' scene (sometimes referred to as 'Scallydelica') developed in the 2000s with neo psychedelia acts like the Coral, record labels like Deltasonic and Skeleton Key and events like the annual Liverpool International Festival of Psychedelia (also known as PZYK). Sometimes the scene would be expanded to include acts such as the Bees and the Earlies under the 'Shroomadelica' definition