Ключевые события мировой истории: от средневековья до Второй мировой войны.

1429 – Armagnac–Burgundian Civil War: Joan of Arc liberates Saint Pierre le Moûtier. 1493 – Christopher Columbus reaches the Leeward Islands. 1501 – Catherine of Aragon (later Henry VIII's first wife) meets Arthur Tudor, Henry VIII's older brother – they would later marry. 1576 – Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (which is nearly destroyed after three days).

1677 – The future Mary II of England marries William, Prince of Orange; they later jointly reign as William and Mary. 1737 – The Teatro di San Carlo, the oldest working opera house in Europe, is inaugurated in Naples, Italy. 1780 – The Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II against Spanish rule in the Viceroyalty of Peru begins. 1783 – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Symphony No. 36 is performed for the first time in Linz, Austria. 1791 – Northwest Indian War: The Western Confederacy of American Indians wins a major victory over the United States in the Battle of the Wabash. 1798 – The Russo Ottoman siege of Corfu begins. 1839 – Newport Rising: The last large scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain. 1847 – Sir James Young Simpson, a Scottish physician, discovers the anaesthetic properties of chloroform. 1852 – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, becomes the prime minister of Piedmont Sardinia, which soon expands to become Italy. 1864 – American Civil War: Confederate troops bombard a Union supply base and destroy millions of dollars in materiel at the Battle of Johnsonville. 1868 – Camagüey, Cuba, revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War. 1890 – City and South London Railway: London's first deep level tube railway opens between King William Street and Stockwell.

1918 – World War I: The Armistice of Villa Giusti between Italy and Austria Hungary is implemented. 1921 – The Saalschutz Abteilung (hall defense detachment) of the Nazi Party is renamed the Sturmabteilung (storm detachment) after a large riot in Munich. 1921 – Japanese Prime Minister Hara Takashi is assassinated in Tokyo. 1922 – In Egypt, British archaeologist Howard Carter and his men find the entrance to Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings. 1924 – Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming becomes the first female elected as governor in the United States. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: Largo Caballero reshuffles his war cabinet, persuading the anarcho syndicalist CNT to join the government. 1939 – World War II: U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt orders the United States Customs Service to implement the Neutrality Act of 1939, allowing cash and carry purchases of weapons by belligerents. 1942 – World War II: Disobeying a direct order by Adolf Hitler, General Field Marshal Erwin Rommel begins a retreat of his forces after a costly defeat during the Second Battle of El Alamein. The retreat would ultimately last five months. 1944 – World War II: The 7th Macedonian Liberation Brigade liberates Bitola for the Allies. 1944 – World War II: Operation Pheasant, an Allied offensive to liberate North Brabant in the Netherlands, ends successfully. 1952 – The United States government establishes the National Security Agency, or NSA. 1956 – Soviet troops enter Hungary to end the Hungarian revolution against the Soviet Union that started on October 23. Thousands are killed, more are wounded, and nearly a quarter million leave the country. 1960 – At the Kasakela Chimpanzee Community in Tanzania, Dr. Jane Goodall observes chimpanzees creating tools, the first ever observation in non human animals. 1962 – The United States concludes Operation Fishbowl, its final above ground nuclear weapons testing series, in anticipation of the 1963 Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. 1966 – The Arno River floods Florence, Italy, to a maximum depth of , leaving thousands homeless and destroying millions of masterpieces of art and rare books. Venice is also submerged on the same day at its record all time acqua alta of 1967 – Iberia Flight 062 crashes in Blackdown, West Sussex, killing all 37 people on board including British actress June Thorburn. 1970 – Vietnam War: The United States turns over control of the air base at Bình Thủy in the Mekong Delta to South Vietnam. 1970 – Salvador Allende takes office as President of Chile, the first Marxist to become president of a Latin American country through open elections. 1973 – The Netherlands experiences the first car free Sunday caused by the 1973 oil crisis. Highways are used only by cyclists and roller skaters. 1979 – Iran hostage crisis: A group of Iranian college students overruns the U. S. embassy in Tehran and takes 90 hostages. 1980 – Ronald Reagan is elected as the 40th President of the United States, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter. 1993 – China Airlines Flight 605, a brand new 747 400, overruns the runway at Hong Kong Kai Tak Airport. 1995 – Israel Palestinian conflict: Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin is assassinated by an extremist Israeli. 2002 – Chinese authorities arrest cyber dissident He Depu for signing a pro democracy letter to the 16th Communist Party Congress. 2008 – Barack Obama becomes the first person of biracial or African American descent to be elected as President of the United States. 2010 – Aero Caribbean Flight 883 crashes into Guasimal, Sancti Spíritus; all 68 passengers and crew are killed. 2010 – Qantas Flight 32, an Airbus A380, suffers an uncontained engine failure over Indonesia shortly after taking off from Singapore, crippling the jet. The crew manage to safely return to Singapore, saving all 469 passengers and crew. 2015 – A cargo plane crashes shortly after takeoff from Juba International Airport in Juba, South Sudan, killing at least 37 people. 2015 – A building collapses in the Pakistani city of Lahore resulting in at least 45 deaths and at least 100 injuries. 2020 – The Tigray War begins with Tigrayan rebels launching attacks on Ethiopian command centers.

1448 – Alfonso II of Naples (d. 1495)
1512 – Hu Zongxian, Chinese general (d. 1565)
1553 – Roger Wilbraham, Solicitor General for Ireland (d. 1616)
1575 – Guido Reni, Italian painter and illustrator (d. 1642)
1592 – Gerard van Honthorst, Dutch painter (d. 1656)

1631 – Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (d. 1660)
1640 – Carlo Mannelli, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1697)
1649 – Samuel Carpenter, Deputy Governor of colonial Pennsylvania (d. 1714)
1661 – Charles III Philip, Elector Palatine, German son of Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse Darmstadt (d. 1742)
1740 – Augustus Toplady, English cleric and hymn writer (d. 1778)
1765 – Pierre Simon Girard, French mathematician and engineer (d. 1836)
1787 – Edmund Kean, British Shakespearean stage actor (d. 1833)
1809 – Benjamin Robbins Curtis, American lawyer and jurist (d. 1874)
1816 – Stephen Johnson Field, American lawyer and jurist 5th Chief Justice of California (d. 1899)
1821 – Thomas Keefer, Canadian engineer and businessman (d. 1915)
1836 – Henry J. Lutcher, American businessman (d. 1912)
1840 – William Giblin, Australian politician, 13th Premier of Tasmania (d. 1887)
1853 – Anna Bayerová, Czech physician (d. 1924)
1861 – Alice Gossage, American journalist (d. 1929)
1862 – Rasmus Rasmussen, Norwegian actor and director (d. 1932)
1868 – La Belle Otero, Spanish actress, singer, and dancer (d. 1965)
1873 – Kyōka Izumi, Japanese author, poet, and playwright (d. 1939)
1874 – Charles Despiau, French sculptor (d. 1946)
1879 – Will Rogers, American actor and screenwriter (d. 1935)
1883 – Nikolaos Plastiras, Greek general and politician 135th Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1953)
1884 – Harry Ferguson, Irish engineer, invented the tractor (d. 1960)
1887 – Alfred Lee Loomis, American physicist and philanthropist (d. 1975)
1889 – Alton Adams, American composer and bandleader (d. 1987)
1890 – Klabund, German author and poet (d. 1928)
1896 – Carlos P. Garcia, Filipino lawyer and politician, 8th President of the Philippines (d. 1971)
1897 – Dolly Stark, American baseball player and umpire (d. 1968)
1900 – Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu, Romanian sociologist and activist (d. 1954)

1652 – Jean Charles della Faille, Flemish priest and mathematician (b. 1597)
1658 – Antoine Le Maistre, French lawyer and author (b. 1608)
1669 – Johannes Cocceius, Dutch theologian and academic (b. 1603)
1698 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician and mathematician (b. 1625)
1702 – John Benbow, English admiral (b. 1653)
1704 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist and scholar (b. 1654)
1781 – Johann Nikolaus Götz, German poet and songwriter (b. 1721)
1801 – William Shippen, American physician and anatomist (b. 1712)
1847 – Felix Mendelssohn, German pianist, composer, and conductor (b. 1809)
1847 – Thiệu Trị, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1807)
1856 – Paul Delaroche, French painter and educator (b. 1797)
1886 – James Martin, Irish Australian politician, 6th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1820)
1893 – Pierre Tirard, Swiss French engineer and politician, 54th Prime Minister of France (b. 1827)
1895 – Eugene Field, American journalist, author, and poet (b. 1850)

1906 – John H. Ketcham, American general and politician (b. 1832)
1918 – Wilfred Owen, English lieutenant and poet (b. 1893)
1921 – Hara Takashi, Japanese politician, 10th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1856)
1924 – Richard Conner, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1843)
1924 – Gabriel Fauré, French pianist, composer, and educator (b. 1845)
1930 – Akiyama Yoshifuru, Japanese general (b. 1859)
1931 – Buddy Bolden, American cornet player and bandleader (b. 1877)
1931 – Luigi Galleani, Italian theorist and activist (b. 1861)
1940 – Arthur Rostron, English captain (b. 1869)
1946 – Rüdiger von der Goltz, German general (b. 1865)
1948 – Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, English businessman and politician, Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (b. 1874)
1950 – Grover Cleveland Alexander, American baseball player and coach (b. 1887)
1954 – Stig Dagerman, Swedish journalist and writer (b. 1923)
1955 – Robert E. Sherwood, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1896)
1955 – Cy Young, American baseball player and manager (b. 1867)
1957 – Shoghi Effendi, Guardian of the Baháʼí Faith (b. 1897)
1956 – Freddie Dixon, English motorcycle racer and race car driver (b. 1892)
1959 – Friedrich Waismann, Austrian mathematician, physicist, and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (b. 1896)
1968 – Horace Gould, English race car driver (b. 1918)
1968 – Michel Kikoine, Belarusian French painter and soldier (b. 1892)
1969 – Carlos Marighella, Brazilian author and activist (b. 1911)
1974 – Bert Patenaude, American soccer player (b. 1909)
1975 – Francis Dvornik, Czech priest and academic (b. 1893)
1975 – Izzat Husrieh, Syrian journalist, historian, and academic (b. 1914)
1976 – Toni Ulmen, German race car driver and motorcycle racer (b. 1906)
1977 – Tom Reamy, American author and illustrator (b. 1935)
1980 – Elsie MacGill, Canadian American engineer and author (b. 1905)
1982 – Burhan Felek, Turkish lawyer and journalist (b. 1889)
1982 – Gil Whitney, American journalist (b. 1940)
1984 – Ümit Yaşar Oğuzcan, Turkish poet and author (b. 1926)
1986 – Kurt Hirsch, German English mathematician and academic (b. 1906)
1988 – Kleanthis Vikelidis, Greek footballer and manager (b. 1916)
1992 – George Klein, Canadian engineer, invented the motorized wheelchair (b. 1904)
1994 – Sam Francis, American soldier and painter (b. 1923)
1995 – Gilles Deleuze, French philosopher and scholar (b. 1925)
1995 – Paul Eddington, English actor (b. 1927)
1995 – Yitzhak Rabin, Israeli general and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Israel, Nobel Peace Prize laureate (b. 1922)
1995 – Morrie Schwartz, American sociologist, author, and academic (b. 1916)
1997 – Richard Hooker, American novelist (b. 1924)
1999 – Malcolm Marshall, Barbadian cricketer and coach (b. 1958)
2003 – Charles Causley, Cornish author and poet (b. 1917)
2003 – Richard Wollheim, English philosopher, author, and academic (b. 1923)
2005 – Nadia Anjuman, Afghan journalist and poet (b. 1980)
2005 – Sheree North, American actress and dancer (b. 1932)
2005 – Graham Payn, South African born English actor and singer (b. 1918)
2005 – Hiro Takahashi, Japanese singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1964)
2006 – Frank Arthur Calder, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1915)
2006 – Ernestine Gilbreth Carey, American author (b. 1908)
2007 – Karl Rebane, Estonian physicist and academic (b. 1926)
2007 – Peter Viertel, German American author and screenwriter (b. 1920)
2008 – Michael Crichton, American physician, author, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1942)
2008 – Rosella Hightower, American ballerina (b. 1920)
2008 – Juan Camilo Mouriño, French Mexican economist and politician, Mexican Secretary of the Interior (b. 1971)
2009 – Hubertus Brandenburg, German bishop (b. 1923)
2010 – Sparky Anderson, American baseball player and manager (b. 1934)
2011 – Arnold Green, Latvian Estonian soldier and politician (b. 1920)
2011 – Andy Rooney, American author, critic, journalist, and television personality (b. 1919)
2012 – David Resnick, Brazilian Israeli architect, designed Yad Kennedy (b. 1924)
2013 – John D. Hawk, American sergeant, Medal of Honor recipient (b. 1924)
2013 – Leonid Stolovich, Russian Estonian philosopher and academic (b. 1929)
2013 – Ray Willsey, Canadian American football player and coach (b. 1928)
2014 – Enrique Olivera, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 2nd Chief of Government of the City of Buenos Aires (b. 1940)
2014 – George Edgar Slusser, American author and academic (b. 1939)
2014 – S. Donald Stookey, American physicist and chemist, invented CorningWare (b. 1915)
2015 – Piotr Domaradzki, Polish American historian and journalist (b. 1946)
2015 – René Girard, French American historian, philosopher, and critic (b. 1923)
2015 – Károly Horváth, Romanian Hungarian cellist, flute player, and composer (b. 1950)
2015 – Lee Robinson, American lawyer and politician (b. 1943)
2016 – Catherine Davani, first female Papua New Guinean judge (b. 1960)
2016 – Mansour Pourheidari, Iranian football player and coach (b. 1946)
2017 – Isabel Granada, Filipino Spanish actress and singer (b. 1976)
2017 – Ned Romero, American actor and opera singer (b. 1926)
2019 – Gay Byrne, Irish broadcaster (b. 1934)
2020 – Ken Hensley, English rock singer songwriter and musician (b. 1945)
2023 – Akbar Golpayegani, Iranian vocalist (b. 1934)