Ключевые даты мировой истории

the date

394 – Battle of the Frigidus: Roman emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills Eugenius the usurper. His Frankish magister militum Arbogast escapes but commits suicide two days later. 1492 – Christopher Columbus sails from La Gomera in the Canary Islands, his final port of call before crossing the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. 1522 – The Victoria returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain, the only surviving ship of Ferdinand Magellan's expedition and the first known ship to circumnavigate the world.

1620 – The Pilgrims sail from Plymouth, England on the Mayflower to settle in North America. (Old Style date; September 16 per New Style date.) 1628 – Puritans settle Salem, which became part of Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1634 – Thirty Years' War: In the Battle of Nördlingen, the Catholic Imperial army defeats Swedish and German Protestant forces. 1781 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Groton Heights takes place, resulting in a British victory. 1803 – British scientist John Dalton begins using symbols to represent the atoms of different elements. 1861 – American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, giving the Union control of the Tennessee River's mouth. 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate forces evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina. 1870 – Louisa Ann Swain of Laramie, Wyoming becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote legally after 1807. 1885 – Eastern Rumelia declares its union with Bulgaria, thus accomplishing Bulgarian unification.

1901 – Leon Czolgosz, an unemployed anarchist, shoots and fatally wounds US President William McKinley at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. 1914 – World War I: The First Battle of the Marne, which would halt the Imperial German Army's advance into France, begins. 1915 – World War I: The first tank prototype, developed by William Foster & Co. for the British army, was completed and given its first test drive. 1930 – Democratically elected Argentine president Hipólito Yrigoyen is deposed in a military coup. 1936 – Spanish Civil War: The Interprovincial Council of Asturias and León is established. 1939 – World War II: The British Royal Air Force suffers its first fighter pilot casualty of the Second World War at the Battle of Barking Creek as a result of friendly fire. 1939 – World War II: Union of South Africa declares war on Germany. 1940 – King Carol II of Romania abdicates and is succeeded by his son Michael. General Ion Antonescu becomes the Conducător of Romania. 1943 – The Monterrey Institute of Technology is founded in Monterrey, Mexico as one of the largest and most influential private universities in Latin America. 1943 – Pennsylvania Railroad's premier train derails at Frankford Junction in Philadelphia, killing 79 people and injuring 117 others. 1944 – World War II: The city of Ypres, Belgium is liberated by Allied forces. 1944 – World War II: Soviet forces capture the city of Tartu, Estonia. 1946 – United States Secretary of State James F. Byrnes announces that the U. S. will follow a policy of economic reconstruction in postwar Germany. 1952 – A prototype aircraft crashes at the Farnborough Airshow in Hampshire, England, killing 29 spectators and the two on board. 1955 – Istanbul's Greek, Jewish, and Armenian minorities are the target of a government sponsored pogrom; dozens are killed in ensuing riots. 1962 – The United States government begins the Exercise Spade Fork nuclear readiness drill. 1962 – Archaeologist Peter Marsden discovers the first of the Blackfriars Ships dating back to the second century AD in the Blackfriars area of the banks of the River Thames in London. 1965 – India retaliates following Pakistan's Operation Grand Slam which results in the Indo Pakistani War of 1965 that ends in a stalemate followed by the signing of the Tashkent Declaration. 1966 – Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd, the architect of apartheid, is stabbed to death in Cape Town, South Africa during a parliamentary meeting. 1968 – Swaziland becomes independent. 1970 – Two passenger jets bound from Europe to New York are simultaneously hijacked by Palestinian terrorist members of the PFLP and taken to Dawson's Field, Jordan. 1971 – Paninternational Flight 112 crashes on the Bundesautobahn 7 highway near Hamburg Airport, in Hamburg, Germany, killing 22. 1972 – Munich massacre: Nine Israeli athletes die (along with a German policeman) at the hands of the Palestinian "Black September" terrorist group after being taken hostage at the Munich Olympic Games. Two other Israeli athletes were slain in the initial attack the previous day. 1976 – Cold War: Soviet Air Defence Forces pilot Viktor Belenko lands a Mikoyan Gurevich MiG 25 jet fighter at Hakodate in Japan and requests political asylum in the United States; his request is granted. 1983 – The Soviet Union admits to shooting down Korean Air Lines Flight 007, stating that its operatives did not know that it was a civilian aircraft when it reportedly violated Soviet airspace. 1985 – Midwest Express Airlines Flight 105 crashes near Milwaukee Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, killing all 31 people on board. 1986 – In Istanbul, two terrorists from Abu Nidal's organization kill 22 and wound six congregants inside the Neve Shalom Synagogue during Shabbat services. 1991 – The Soviet Union recognizes the independence of the Baltic states Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. 1991 – The Russian parliament approves the name change of Leningrad back to Saint Petersburg. The change is effective October 1. 1992 – A group of hunters at the Stampede trail near Healy, Alaska came across a male corpse in abandoned bus, later identified as Christopher McCandless. 1995 – Cal Ripken Jr. of the Baltimore Orioles plays in his 2,131st consecutive game, breaking a record that had stood for 56 years. 1997 – The funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales takes place in London. Well over a million people line the streets and 21/2 billion watch around the world on television. 1997 – Royal Brunei Airlines Flight 238 crashes in the Lambir Hills National Park while on approach to Miri Airport in Malaysia, killing 10. 2003 – Mahmoud Abbas resigns from his position of Palestinian Prime Minister. 2007 – Israel executes the air strike Operation Orchard to destroy a nuclear reactor in Syria. 2009 – The ro ro ferry SuperFerry 9 sinks off the Zamboanga Peninsula in the Philippines with 971 persons aboard; all but ten are rescued. 2012 – Sixty one people die after a fishing boat capsizes off the İzmir Province coast of Turkey, near the Greek Aegean islands. 2013 – Forty one elephants are poisoned with cyanide in salt pans, by poachers in Hwange National Park. 2018 – Supreme Court of India decriminalised all consensual sex among adults in private, making homosexuality legal on the Indian lands. 2022 – Boris Johnson resigns as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and is replaced by Liz Truss. Their meetings with Queen Elizabeth II at Balmoral Castle were the Queen's final official duties before her death two days later. 2022 – Russo Ukrainian War: Ukraine begins its Kharkiv counteroffensive, surprising Russian forces and retaking over 3,000 square kilometers of land, recapturing the entire Kharkiv Oblast west of the Oskil River, within the next week.

1475 – Artus Gouffier, Lord of Boissy, French nobleman and politician (d. 1519)
1475 – Sebastiano Serlio, Italian Mannerist architect (d. 1554)

1610 – Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena, Italian noble (d. 1658)
1620 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer and educator (d. 1704)
1631 – Charles Porter, English born judge (d. 1696)
1633 – Sebastian Knüpfer, German cantor and composer (d. 1676)
1656 – Guillaume Dubois, French cardinal and politician (d. 1723)
1666 – Ivan V of Russia, Russian tsar (d. 1696)
1711 – Henry Muhlenberg, German American pastor and missionary (d. 1787)
1729 – Moses Mendelssohn, German philosopher and theologian (d. 1786)
1732 – Johan Wilcke, Swedish physicist and academic (d. 1796)
1757 – Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, French general (d. 1834)
1766 – John Dalton, English chemist, meteorologist, and physicist (d. 1844)
1781 – Vincent Novello, English composer and publisher (d. 1861)
1795 – Frances Wright, Scottish American author and activist (d. 1852)
1800 – Catharine Beecher, American educator and activist (d. 1878)
1802 – Alcide d'Orbigny, French zoologist, palaeontologist, and geologist (d. 1857)
1808 – Emir Abdelkader, Algerian religious and military leader (d. 1883)
1814 – George Étienne Cartier, Canadian lawyer and politician, 9th Premier of East Canada (d. 1873)
1815 – St. John Richardson Liddell, American general (d. 1870)
1817 – Alexander Tilloch Galt, English Canadian businessman and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Finance (d. 1893)
1819 – William Rosecrans, American general, politician, and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Mexico (d. 1898)
1838 – Samuel Arnold, American conspirator (d. 1906)
1852 – Schalk Willem Burger, South African commander, lawyer, and politician, 6th President of the South African Republic (d. 1918)
1855 – Ferdinand Hummel, German pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 1928)
1857 – Zelia Nuttall, American archeologist and historian (d. 1933)
1859 – Macpherson Robertson, Australian businessman and philanthropist, founded MacRobertson's (d. 1945)
1860 – Jane Addams, American sociologist and author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
1860 – May Jordan McConnel, Australian trade unionist and suffragist (d. 1929)
1861 – William Lane, English Australian journalist, founded New Australia (d. 1917)
1863 – Jessie Willcox Smith, American illustrator (d. 1935)
1868 – Heinrich Häberlin, Swiss judge and politician, President of the Swiss National Council (d. 1947)
1869 – Walford Davies, English organist and composer (d. 1941)
1869 – Felix Salten, Austrian Swiss author and critic (d. 1945)
1876 – John Macleod, Scottish physician and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1935)
1879 – Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936)
1879 – Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1956)
1885 – Otto Kruger, American actor (d. 1974)
1888 – Joseph P. Kennedy Sr., American businessman and diplomat, 44th United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (d. 1969)
1889 – Louis Silvers, American composer (d. 1954)
1890 – Clara Kimball Young, American actress and producer (d. 1960)
1892 – Edward Victor Appleton, English Scottish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1965)
1893 – Claire Lee Chennault, American general and pilot (d. 1958)
1899 – Billy Rose, American composer and manager (d. 1966)
1900 – W. A. C. Bennett, Canadian businessman and politician, 25th Premier of British Columbia (d. 1979)
1900 – Julien Green, French American author (d. 1998)
1900 – Nguyễn An Ninh, Vietnamese political journalist (d. 1943)

1625 – Thomas Dempster, Scottish historian and scholar (b. 1579)
1635 – Metius, Dutch mathematician and astronomer (b. 1571)
1649 – Robert Dudley, English geographer and explorer (b. 1574)
1683 – Jean Baptiste Colbert, French economist and politician, French Controller General of Finances (b. 1619)
1708 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist, founded Morden College (b. 1623)
1748 – Edmund Gibson, English bishop and scholar (b. 1669)
1783 – Carlo Bertinazzi, Italian actor and author (b. 1710)
1808 – Louis Pierre Anquetil, French historian and author (b. 1723)
1836 – Gaspar Flores de Abrego, three terms mayor of San Antonio, in Spanish Texas (b. 1781)
1868 – Pierre Adolphe Rost, American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1797)
1885 – Narcís Monturiol, Spanish engineer, designed the Ictineo I and Ictineo II (b. 1819)
1891 – Charles Jamrach, German English businessman (b. 1815)

1902 – Frederick Abel, English chemist and engineer (b. 1827)
1907 – Sully Prudhomme, French poet and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1839)
1919 – Lord Charles Beresford, English admiral and politician (b. 1846)
1927 – William Libbey, American target shooter and geographer (b. 1855)
1938 – John Stuart Hindmarsh, English race car driver and pilot (b. 1907)
1939 – Arthur Rackham, English illustrator (b. 1867)
1940 – Thomas Harte (Irish republican), executed by firing squad (b. 1915)
1940 – Patrick McGrath (Irish Republican), executed by firing squad (b. 1894)
1944 – James Cannon Jr., American Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
1945 – John S. McCain Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
1949 – Walter Widdop, English tenor and actor (b. 1892)
1950 – Olaf Stapledon, English philosopher and author (b. 1886)
1951 – James W. Gerard, American lawyer and diplomat, United States Ambassador to Germany (b. 1867)
1952 – Gertrude Lawrence, English actress, singer, and dancer (b. 1898)
1956 – Witold Hurewicz, Polish mathematician (b. 1904)
1956 – Lee Jung seob, North Korean painter (b. 1916)
1959 – Edmund Gwenn, English actor (b. 1877)
1959 – Kay Kendall, English actress and comedian (b. 1927)
1962 – Hanns Eisler, German Austrian composer (b. 1898)
1962 – Seiichiro Kashio, Japanese tennis player (b. 1892)
1966 – Margaret Sanger, American nurse, educator, and activist (b. 1879)
1966 – Hendrik Verwoerd, Dutch South African journalist and politician, 7th Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1901)
1969 – Arthur Friedenreich, Brazilian footballer (b. 1892)
1972 – Perpetrator and victims of the Munich massacre
Luttif Afif, Palestinian terrorist (b. 1945)
David Mark Berger, American Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
Ze'ev Friedman, Polish Israeli weightlifter (b. 1944)
Yossef Gutfreund, Israeli wrestling judge (b. 1931)
Eliezer Halfin, Russian Israeli wrestler (b. 1948)
Amitzur Shapira, Russian Israeli runner and coach (b. 1932)
Kehat Shorr, Romanian shooting coach (b. 1919)
Mark Slavin, Israeli wrestler (b. 1954)
Andre Spitzer, Romanian Israeli fencer and coach (b. 1945)
Yakov Springer, Polish Israeli wrestler and coach (b. 1921)
1974 – Olga Baclanova, Russian Swiss actress and ballerina (b. 1896)
1974 – Otto Kruger, American actor (b. 1885)
1979 – Ronald Binge, English organist and composer (b. 1910)
1982 – Azra Erhat, Turkish archaeologist, author, and academic (b. 1915)
1984 – Ernest Tubb, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1914)
1985 – Franco Ferrara, Italian conductor and composer (b. 1911)
1986 – Blanche Sweet, American actress (b. 1896)
1988 – Leroy Brown, American wrestler (b. 1950)
1990 – Tom Fogerty, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1941)
1990 – Len Hutton, English cricketer and soldier (b. 1916)
1991 – Bob Goldham, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster (b. 1922)
1992 – Henry Ephron, American playwright, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1912)
1994 – Nicky Hopkins, English pianist (b. 1944)
1994 – Max Kaminsky, American trumpet player and bandleader (b. 1908)
1997 – P. H. Newby, English author and broadcaster (b. 1918)
1998 – Akira Kurosawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1910)
1998 – Ric Segreto, American Filipino singer songwriter, actor, and journalist (b. 1952)
1998 – Ernst Hugo Järegård, Swedish actor (b. 1928)
1999 – Lagumot Harris, Nauruan politician, 3rd President of Nauru (b. 1938)
1999 – René Lecavalier, Canadian sportscaster (b. 1918)
2005 – Hasan Abidi, Pakistani journalist and poet (b. 1929)
2000 – Abdul Haris Nasution, Indonesian Military (b. 1918)
2005 – Eugenia Charles, Dominican lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Dominica (b. 1919)
2007 – Madeleine L'Engle, American author and poet (b. 1918)
2007 – Luciano Pavarotti, Italian tenor (b. 1935)
2008 – Anita Page, American actress (b. 1910)
2009 – Catherine Gaskin, Irish Australian author (b. 1929)
2010 – Boris Chetkov, Russian painter (b. 1926)
2010 – Clive Donner, English director and editor (b. 1926)
2011 – Michael S. Hart, American author, founded Project Gutenberg (b. 1947)
2012 – Elisabeth Böhm, German architect (b. 1921)
2012 – Lawrie Dring, Scottish scout leader, founded World Federation of Independent Scouts (b. 1931)
2012 – Jerome Kilty, American actor and playwright (b. 1922)
2012 – Art Modell, American businessman (b. 1925)
2012 – Oscar Rossi, Argentinian footballer and manager (b. 1930)
2012 – Terry Nutkins, English naturalist, television presenter and author (b. 1946)
2013 – Ann C. Crispin, American author (b. 1950)
2013 – Khin Maung Kyi, Burmese economist and scholar (b. 1926)
2013 – Santiago Rosario, Puerto Rican American baseball player and coach (b. 1939)
2014 – Odd Bondevik, Norwegian bishop and theologian (b. 1941)
2014 – Cirilo Flores, American bishop (b. 1948)
2014 – Seth Martin, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1933)
2014 – Kira Zvorykina, Belarusian chess player and educator (b. 1919)
2015 – Ralph Milne, Scottish footballer (b. 1961)
2015 – Martin Milner, American actor (b. 1931)
2015 – Barney Schultz, American baseball player and coach (b. 1926)
2015 – Calvin J. Spann, American general and pilot (b. 1924)
2017 – Peter Luck, Australian journalist and television host (b. 1944)
2017 – Kate Millett, American feminist author and activist (b. 1934)
2018 – Richard DeVos, American billionaire businessman (b. 1926)
2018 – Liz Fraser, English actress (b. 1930)
2018 – Will Jordan, American comedian and actor (b. 1927)
2018 – Burt Reynolds, American actor, director and producer (b. 1936)
2019 – Robert Mugabe, Zimbabwean politician, 2nd President of Zimbabwe (b. 1924)
2020 – Lou Brock, American baseball player (b. 1939)
2021 – Jean Paul Belmondo, French actor (b. 1933)
2021 – Michael K. Williams, American actor (b. 1966)