Токио метрополитен университетінің тарихы мен дамуы

Japanese University

Tokyo Metropolitan University (東京都立大学), often referred to as TMU, is a public research university in Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan. In contrast to other non private universities in Tokyo, the university is established under the Tokyo Metropolitan Government, and not the national government.

The origin of Tokyo Metropolitan University was Prefectural Higher School, under the old system of education, established by Tokyo Prefecture in 1929 as the third public higher school. The School was modelled on Eton College, with three years of pre university advanced course and four years of university regular course. The seven year system had an advantage to guarantee entrance to the Imperial universities at the age of Middle School. Before the end of the Second World War, many academic elite would start their post primary education in Tokyo First Middle School, proceed to the First Higher School, and then enrol at Tokyo Imperial University. Since the jurisdiction control of Tokyo First Middle School and First Higher School were different, however, Tokyo First Middle School attempted to originally establish the prefectural higher school, whereas the other Middle Schools opposed to the said attempt. Prefectural Higher School was established in 1929 locating in the same site of Tokyo First Middle School, as a result of the opposition. In 1932, Prefectural Higher School was relocated to 1–1–1 Yakumo, Meguro and became known one of the best higher schools with First Higher School. As the reign of Tokyo Metropolis was enacted in 1943, Prefectural Higher School was renamed to Metropolitan Higher School. After the reform of the educational system in 1949, Tokyo Metropolitan University was established as a research university consisting of three faculties, namely Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Science and Faculty of Technology; three years of advanced course was reorganised to Senior High School affiliated to Tokyo Metropolitan University, whereas four years of regular course was restructured into the university proper. Five Prefectural Colleges, namely Tokyo Prefectural College of Technology, Tokyo Prefectural College of Science, Tokyo Prefectural College of Machine Industry, Tokyo Prefectural College of Chemical Industry and Tokyo Prefectural College of Women were also merged with the Tokyo Metropolitan University. In 1957, Faculty of Law and Economics was separated from Faculty of Humanities, and then further divided into separate Faculty of Law and Faculty of Economics in 1966. As expanding its organisation, the university was relocated to 1–1–1 Minami Osawa, Hachioji in 1991. The university signed the student exchange agreement with University of Vienna in 1997. Tokyo Metropolitan University was reformed in 2005 by integrating three metropolitan universities and one junior college: Tokyo Metropolitan University (東京都立大学), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Technology (東京都立科学技術大学), Tokyo Metropolitan University of Health Sciences (東京都立保健科学大学), and Tokyo Metropolitan Junior College (東京都立短期大学) with subsequent change in its Japanese name, although its English name for the university has not changed since 1949.

In later 1990s, Government and local municipalities facilitated to reform the administrative scheme and financial management in line with economic bubble burst and financial difficulties due to Japan's progressive low birthrate and longevity. As a part of the said administrative and financial reform, social interest grew on restructuring national and public universities to independent administrative agencies with consolidating them. Tokyo Metropolitan University was also planned by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government to be consolidated with aforementioned three metropolitan universities and one junior college. As a result of Tokyo gubernatorial election in April 2003, Shintaro Ishihara was re elected as Governor of Tokyo, holding up a promise "I will establish a revolutionary university", and consequently the original restructure plan was significantly and rapidly changed, in terms of the organisation of faculties, course structure, etc. During this process, a number of faculty members left the university as a sign of protest against the reform.

Lecturers of the university have been all highly regarded in their respective fields, and the standard of the research carried out by each of them has been considered as extremely high. In line with this, research groups that produce outstanding results and have the potential to become international research hubs, or those working in unique fields that are aligned with the university's mission, are designated as "research centres" and given support by the university. Research Centre for Space Science (Director: Prof. Takaya Ohashi)
Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (Director: Prof. Koichiro Tamura)
Research Centre for Artificial Photosynthesis (Director: Prof. Haruo Inoue)
Research Centre for Gold Chemistry (Director: Prof. Masatake Haruta)
Research Centre for Language, Brain and Genetics (Director: Prof. Hiroko Hagiwara)
Research Centre for Water System Engineering (Director: Prof. Akira Koizumi)
Research Centre for Community Centric Systems (Director: Prof Toru Yamaguchi)
Research Centre for Child and Adolescent Poverty Overview (Director: Prof. Aya Abe)

The university has concluded agreements with overseas educational institutions with the aim of promoting international cooperation in education and research as well as student exchange.

Although its small size and young history in contrast to national universities and several leading private universities, the university has been one of the most reputable institutions in Japan. According to the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, it ranks 7th in 2014–2015 among 781 universities in Japan, behind renowned national universities, namely University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Osaka University, Tohoku University and Nagoya University. The university received the highest score of 100.0 for "citations.”

In 2012, Prof. Masatake Haruta was selected as a Thomson Reuters Citation Laureate as a possible winner of the Nobel Prize for his "independent foundational discoveries of catalysis by gold."