Еуропалық метеорологиялық спутниктік ұйым EUMETSAT

European intergovernmental organisation

The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States. EUMETSAT's primary objective is to establish, maintain and exploit European systems of operational meteorological satellites. EUMETSAT is responsible for the launch and operation of the satellites and for delivering satellite data to end users as well as contributing to the operational monitoring of climate and the detection of global climate changes. The activities of EUMETSAT contribute to a global meteorological satellite observing system coordinated with other space faring states. Satellite observations are an essential input to numerical weather prediction systems and also assist the human forecaster in the diagnosis of potentially hazardous weather developments. Of growing importance is the capacity of weather satellites to gather long term measurements from space in support of climate change studies. EUMETSAT is not an institution or agency of the European Union, although the majority of its members are EU member states. The organisation became a signatory to the International Charter on Space and Major Disasters in 2012, thus providing for the global charitable use of its space assets.

The national mandatory contributions of member states are proportional to their gross national income. However, the cooperating countries contribute only half of the fee they would pay for full membership. The convention establishing EUMETSAT was opened for signature in 1983 and entered into force on 19 June 1986. StateStatusSince (signing of convention)Fundingcontribution 2013Representative organization from national meteorological services(official national names, links point to names for official use in English)Official websiteMemberMarch 198619.20%Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD)www. dwd. deMemberMay 198515.62%Met OfficeMemberFebruary 198514.70%Météo FranceMemberJune 198612.04%Ufficio Generale Spazio Aereo e Meteorologia (USAM) – Reparto MeteorologiaMemberFebruary 19857.56%Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET)MemberMarch 19844.38%Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut (KNMI)MemberJuly 19852.75%MeteoSchweiz / MétéoSuisse / MeteoSvizzeraMemberOctober 19852.57%Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique (IRM) / Koninklijk Meteorologisch Instituut van België (KMI)MemberJanuary 19842.53%Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI)MemberAugust 19842.27%Remote Sensing Division, Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (DMİGM)MemberDecember 19932.05%Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik (ZAMG)MemberApril 19852.03%Meteorologisk institutt (met. no)MemberJune 20091.95%Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki Wodnej (IMGW)MemberJanuary 19841.78%Danmarks Meteorologiske Institut (DMI)MemberJune 19881.65%Εθνική Μετεωρολογική Υπηρεσία (HNMS)MemberDecember 19841.35%Ilmatieteen laitos / Meteorologiska institutet (FMI)MemberMay 19891.23%Instituto de Meteorologia (IM)MemberJune 19851.17%Met ÉireannMemberMay 20100.80%Český hydrometeorologický ústav (CHMI), Družicové OdděleníMemberOctober 20080.69%Országos Meteorológiai Szolgálat (OMSZ)MemberNovember 20100.57%National Meteorological Administration of RomaniaMemberJanuary 20060.32%Slovenský hydrometeorologický ústav (SHMU)MemberDecember 20060.25%Državni hidrometeorološki zavod (DHMZ)MemberFebruary 20080.23%Agencija Republike Slovenije za Okolje (ARSO)MemberJuly 20020.21%Administration de la navigation aérienneMemberMay 20090.10%Latvijas Vides, ģeoloģijas un meteoroloģijas aģentūra (LVGMA)MemberJanuary 20140.16%Lietuvos hidrometeorologijos tarnyba (LHMT), prie Aplinkos ministerijosMemberJanuary 20140.10%Veðurstofa ÍslandsMemberJune 20130.09% Estonian Weather ServiceMemberApril 20140.18%Национален институт по метеорология и хидрология (INMH) Last update published 2014

The current provision of geostationary satellite surveillance is enabled by the Meteosat series of satellites operated by EUMETSAT, generating images of the full Earth disc and data for forecasting. The first generation of Meteosat, launched in 1977, provided continuous, reliable observations to a large user group. In response to demand for more frequent and comprehensive data, Meteostat Second Generation (MSG) was developed with key improvements in swift recognition and prediction of thunderstorms, fog, and the small depressions which can lead to dangerous wind storms. MSG was launched in 2004. To capture foreseeable user needs up to 2025, a Meteostat Third Generation (MTG) is in active preparation.

The lack of observational coverage in certain parts of the globe, particularly the Pacific Ocean and continents of the southern hemisphere, has led to the increasingly important role for polar orbiting satellite data in numerical weather prediction and climate monitoring. EUMETSAT Polar System (EPS) Metop mission consists of three polar orbiting Metop satellites, to be flown successively for more than 14 years. The first, Metop A, was launched by a Russian Soyuz 2.1a rocket from Baikonur on October 19, 2006, at 22:28 Baikonur time (16:28 UTC). Metop A was initially controlled by ESOC for the LEOP phase immediately following launch, with control handed over to EUMETSAT 72 hours after lift off. EUMETSAT's first commands to the satellite were sent at 14:04 UTC on October 22, 2006. The second EPS satellite, Metop B, was launched from Baikonur on 17 September 2012, and the third, Metop C, was launched from Centre Spatial Guyanais in Kourou, French Guiana on 7 November 2018 by Arianespace using a Soyuz ST B launch vehicle with a Fregat M upper stage. Positioned at approximately above the Earth, special instruments on board Metop A can deliver far more precise details about atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles than a geostationary satellite. The satellites also ensure that the more remote regions of the globe, particularly in Northern Europe as well as the oceans in the Southern hemisphere, are fully covered. The EPS programme is also the European half of a joint program with NOAA, called the International Joint Polar System (IJPS). NOAA has operated a continuous series of low earth orbiting meteorological satellite since April 1960. Many of the instruments on Metop are also operated on NOAA/POES satellites, providing similar data types across the IJPS.