Nikon FM3ᴀ камерасы: тұрақтылық пен инновацияның үйлесімі

Camera model by Nikon

The Nikon FM3ᴀ is an interchangeable lens, focal plane shutter, 35 mm film, single lens reflex (SLR) camera. It was manufactured by Nikon Corporation in Japan, on small volume assembly lines, from 2001 to 2006. The camera was available in two colours: all black and satin chrome. The introductory US list price for the chrome body only (no lens) was $820. The FM3ᴀ was the successor to the renowned Nikon FM2N camera of 1984 and was the last member of the successful, semi professional line of Nikon compact 35 mm film SLRs. The other members were the Nikon FM (released 1977), FE (1978), FM2 (1982) and FE2 (1983). They (and the Nikon FA) all used the superficially similar (but not identical) rugged copper aluminium alloy chassis and high quality Nikon vertical bearing mounted metal shutter and ball bearing mounted film advance, but with improved feature levels, minor external controls and cosmetic differences. The newer low budget Nikon FM10 and FE10, while named similarly, are completely different introductory level cameras manufactured by Cosina. The major improvements in the FM3ᴀ compared to the FM2ɴ are the hybrid electro mechanically controlled aluminium bladed focal plane shutter, the aperture priority auto exposure mode, the match needle exposure control system and provision for through the lens (TTL) off the film (OTF) electronic flash automation. In other words, the FM3ᴀ merged the robust mechanical systems of the FM2ɴ with the proven, reliable electronic exposure controls of the FE2.

The FM3ᴀ is built to a high level of workmanship and material quality. It shares the advantages of the FM and the FM2ɴ, both generally regarded as two of the most reliable cameras ever built (both in terms of operation under extreme conditions and in day to day reliability reports from repair shops and magazine surveys). It has an extremely strong body of copper silumin alloy. The electronics are well protected within the body and of extremely high quality, including the flexible circuits. The FM3ᴀ'S film transport consists of high strength hardened metal gears and moving parts, mounted on clusters of ball bearings. The vertical metal shutter utilises precision tapered high strength aluminium alloy blades and oilless self lubricating bearings. The guide rails are made of stainless steel. The mirror is made of titanium. It is large to reduce chances of vignetting with super telephotos of up to 800 mm, and uses the same mechanism found on Nikon's pro F2, with some improvements designed to further reduce effects of vibration and mirror bounce. The FM3ᴀ accepts all of the Nikkor lenses with the Nikon F bayonet mount that support the Automatic Indexing (AI) feature (AI, AIS), first introduced in 1977. The chrome FM3ᴀ was often sold in a kit that includes a color coordinated chrome finished Nikkor 45 mm f/2.8P lens. This special flat "pancake" lens was manually focused on the FM3ᴀ, but contained a CPU which could communicate focal distance to Nikon's later autofocus (AF) camera bodies. Other accessories for the FM3ᴀ include the Nikon MD 12 motor drive (automatic film advance up to 3.2 frames per second), as well as the Nikon MF 16 databack (sequential numbering, time or date stamping on the film), and the various compatible Nikon TTL flashes (SB 15, SB 16b, SB 20, etc.) In manual mode, the camera is completely mechanical in operation, and only requires batteries for the light metering information system. In aperture priority mode, the batteries continued to power the meter, but are also utilized for shutter timing and the exposure control electronics. The FM3ᴀ's metering information system consisted of a match needle system using two needles pointing along a vertical shutter speed scale on the left side of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the built in 60/40% centerweighted silicon photodiode light meter versus the actual camera settings. This system can be traced back to the Nikkormat EL (Nikomat EL in Japan) of 1972. The viewfinder also has Nikon's fully interchangeable bright focus screen with various options for focus.

During the mid 1990s, a demand arose among some photographers for a quality manual focus alternative to the 35 mm autofocus SLR camera. These cameras required complex computer and processing mechanisms, and especially in their amateur and consumer versions, were known for neither their ruggedness nor a long service life. Nikon owners began to demand a durable, precision made camera with the AE electronic features and prized construction of the discontinued Nikon FE2, which had begun to skyrocket in value on the secondhand market. Nikon responded to this phenomenon with a revival of their classic FM/FE series design. The FM3ᴀ's expensive construction and conservative design were not intended to appeal to the consumer level market. Nikon instead marketed the camera to serious amateur and professional photographers who were desirous of the highest possible quality and precision of control, and a service life estimated not in years, but decades. The FM3ᴀ's introduction coincided with a major technological revolution in photographic technology – digital imaging. Many photographers, professional and amateur alike, switched to digital, resulting in a huge decrease in film SLR sales. By 2004, annual sales of digital cameras had surpassed those of film cameras. Though FM3ᴀ sales remained steady, they were minuscule in volume compared to Nikon's other cameras, and steadily increasing costs forced Nikon to announce the discontinuation of the FM3ᴀ on 11 January 2006, leaving only the expensive and heavily electronic Nikon F6 and the inexpensively built Nikon FM10 in Nikon's 35mm film SLR line. Since the announcement of the FM3ᴀ's discontinuance, value on the secondhand market of the FM3ᴀ camera (and its FM2 predecessors) appreciably increased, this is especially true of the black model. As of 2014, the price for a Mint or Near Mint FM3ᴀ are as high as the new price (around 800 900 Euro in 2001). This makes this camera to be one of the most price stable 35mm SLRs.