Ағылшын психиатриялық ауруханасы - Рампто́н қорғанысты ауруханасының тарихы

English psychiatric hospital

Rampton Secure Hospital is a high security psychiatric hospital near the village of Woodbeck between Retford and Rampton in Nottinghamshire, England. It is one of three high security psychiatric hospitals in England, alongside Ashworth Hospital in Merseyside and Broadmoor Hospital in Berkshire. It is managed by Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust.

In 1899 the Lunacy Commissioners decided an additional facility was required as 'overspill' for Broadmoor Asylum in London. Three sites were assessed in Nottinghamshire and Woodbeck Farm was chosen because of its proximity to a large supply of soft water. The farm was later to give its name to the housing built for staff. The site was acquired in 1907 and building began in 1909, with the original building being designed by Francis William Troup. The facility opened in 1912 as Rampton Criminal Lunatic Asylum. During the First World War, Broadmoor revised its discharge policy. This meant there were many more beds available and Rampton was no longer needed. Remaining staff and patients were transferred to Broadmoor and the Rampton site was temporarily closed in February 1920. Some female patients were transferred to Warwick State Institution from 1923. Female patients who were classified as more 'hopeful' were kept at Rampton for specialised training. Some women were sent into domestic service. Under 18s continued to be admitted to Rampton into the 1980s, but as from 1962 the Special Hospitals Office Committee (SHOC) stated that it was undesirable to have children under 10 to be admitted there. The Second World War caused staff shortages and therapeutic occupational activities had to be limited. Patients contributed to the war effort by knitting hats, gloves and pullovers and growing food. When the National Health Service (NHS) was introduced in 1948, Rampton was transferred to the Ministry of Health, although it remained under the management of the Board of Control. The Mental Health Act 1959 saw Rampton recategorized as a Special Hospital and the Ministry of Health assumed responsibility (this was later taken over by the Department of Health and Social Services). The three UK special hospitals, including Rampton, were managed through the Special Hospitals Office Committee. In 1967 the League of Friends of Rampton Hospital was established to provide patient comforts, transport for relatives, and a volunteer befriending scheme. The Patient Amenities Fund was formed in 1969 through a bequest from Mrs Phoebe Boddy to provide comforts and amenities to patients. This was wound up in 1998. In February 2000, the hospital was awarded a Charter Mark award. This government scheme was designed to both reward excellence and encourage constant quality improvement. The scheme laid emphasis on the quality of service provided to users including visitors and the general public. It has a staff of about 2,000 and provides the national services for patients with a learning disability, women and deaf men requiring high security care. It also provides services for men with mental illness and personality disorders. The hospital has an 'Enhanced Personality Disorder' unit originally opened in 2004 as part of a national pilot for 'Dangerous and Severe Personality Disordered' men.

The Mike Harris Centre is a new training building named after the consultant forensic psychiatrist who led the forensic division of Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, opening in January 2011. The David Wilson Unit, for National High Secure Learning Disability Services, opened in July 2011.

In 1920 staff worked 60 hour weeks for £50 per year, which was a wage comparable with farm labourers. Prior to the Second World War, they were required to live on site, partly because of the remoteness of the site which was regularly cut off by snow in winter. There were quarters for single staff and houses for married male staff and their families. A housing estate named Woodbeck was built for this purpose along with other facilities. A report released under the Freedom of Information Act said that 4,000 attacks were recorded between 2004 and 2006 on staff in the UK's three high security special hospitals, including Rampton, equating to 27 attacks per week on average. Coral Ward, a six bed unit within the National High Secure Healthcare Service for Women, which cares for complex and challenging patients with mental illness, personality disorders and learning disabilities, won the Team of the Year award at the 2019 HSJ Patient Safety Awards.

On 22 May 1979, Yorkshire Television broadcast an exposé programme titled Rampton, The Secret Hospital, alleging many serious instances of ill treatment of patients by members of the staff at the hospital. It was billed as a groundbreaking look inside the hitherto 'secret world' of a special hospital, and has been cited in a "top ten" of television programmes which occasioned intense public debate, being awarded an International Emmy. A follow up television broadcast a few weeks later further alleged that the immediate effect within the hospital had amounted to a few scapegoat prosecutions while the status quo continued as before, except that no staff member could trust another not to be a whistle blower. The report was also highly critical of the hospital's management structure, saying that it was overreliant on central government, and made 205 recommendations. Boynton suggested strengthening the management and recommended that a Review Board should be set up to oversee the implementation of his recommendations. Other recommendations included a longer day for patients, greater integration between the sexes (both of patients and staff), and a smaller patient population (to 500/600 beds). However, as a result of the Boynton Report the government introduced the Mental Health Act 1983. Rampton was rated as “inadequate” by the Care Quality Commission in 2019 this was mainly due to low staffing levels. The standard was said to have fallen since 2018, when it was rated as “requiring improvement”. In December 2019 the trust set up a dedicated improvement board to try to “deal with cultural issues” which includes representatives of NHS England, the General Medical Council, the Nursing and Midwifery Council, and the Care Quality Commission.

Beverley Allitt Serial killer who killed four children and attacked nine others when working as a nurse at a Lincolnshire hospital in 1991. Ian Ball Attempted kidnapper of Princess Anne in 1974. Charles Bronson Notorious British criminal responsible for many assaults, riots, hostage situations, and robberies. Peter Bryan Cannibalistic serial killer who murdered three people in London between 1993 and 2004, eating parts of their bodies after killing them. David Carrick Serial rapist and former Metropolitan Police officer admitted to Rampton following a suicide attempt whilst on remand at HMP Belmarsh. Stephen Shaun Griffiths Serial killer nicknamed 'The Crossbow Cannibal' responsible for at least three murders (possibly as many as eleven). Ian Huntley Perpetrator of the Soham murders at Soham, Cambridgeshire, in August 2002, was detained at the hospital for nearly two months after his arrest, but transferred to a mainstream prison on remand after being declared fit to stand trial. Bruce George Peter Lee One of the most prolific serial killers in UK history, responsible for the deaths of 26 people within a six year span. Thomas McDowell Murderer of German rabbi Andreas Hinz in North London. Mark Rowntree Spree killer who in 1976 admitted murdering four people in West Yorkshire. Eltiona Skana Stabbed to death seven year old girl in Bolton park in March 2020. Deividas Skebas Found responsible for the 2022 killing of 9 year old Lilia Valutyte. Detained indefinitely at Rampton due to being unfit to stand trial.

In May 2008, a group of patients lost their High Court battle seeking to overturn the rule banning patients from smoking within the hospital.