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Fictional character

Raggedy Ann is a character created by American writer Johnny Gruelle (1880–1938) that appeared in a series of books he wrote and illustrated for young children. Raggedy Ann is a rag doll with red yarn for hair and a triangle nose. The character was created in 1915, as a doll, and was introduced to the public in the 1918 book Raggedy Ann Stories. When a doll was marketed with the book, the concept had great success. A sequel, Raggedy Andy Stories (1920), introduced the character of her brother, Raggedy Andy. Further characters such as Beloved Belindy, a black mammy doll, were featured as dolls and characters in books.

The exact details of the origins of the Raggedy Ann doll and related stories, which were created by Johnny Gruelle, are not specifically known, although numerous myths and legends about the doll's origins have been widely repeated. Gruelle biographer and Raggedy Ann historian Patricia Hall notes that the dolls have "found themselves at the center of several legend cycles—groups of stories that, while containing kernels of truth, are more myth than they are history. What makes this even more intriguing is that fact that Johnny Gruelle, either unwittingly or with the great sense of humor he was known for, initiated many of these legends, a number of which are continuously repeated as the factual history of Raggedy Ann and Andy." Hall further explains that according to an oft repeated myth, Gruelle's daughter, Marcella, brought from her grandmother's attic a faceless cloth doll on which the artist drew a face, and that Gruelle suggested that Marcella's grandmother sew a shoe button for a missing eye. Hall says the date of this supposed occurrence is given as early as 1900 and as late as 1914, with the locale variously given as suburban Indianapolis, Indiana, downtown Cleveland, Ohio, or rural Connecticut. More likely, as Gruelle's wife, Myrtle, reported, it was her husband who retrieved a long forgotten, homemade rag doll from the attic of his parents' Indianapolis home sometime around the turn of the twentieth century before the couple's daughter was born. Although the incident is unconfirmed, Myrtle Gruelle recalled, "There was something he wanted from the attic. While he was rummaging around for it, he found an old rag doll his mother had made for his sister. He said then that the doll would make a good story." though Marcella died from an infected vaccination, not from the side effects of the vaccination itself.) The U. S. Patent Office registered Gruelle's trademark application (107328) for the Raggedy Ann name on November 23, 1915.

Raggedy Ann Stories (1918), written and illustrated by Johnny Gruelle and published by the P. F. Volland Company, was the first in a series of books about his cloth doll character and her friends. The book's first edition also included Gruelle's own version of the doll's origins and the related stories. Although the female members of Gruelle's family may have made a small number of initial versions of the Raggedy Ann doll in Norwalk, Connecticut, to help market the related books, Gruelle soon established a merchandising agreement with P. F. Volland Company, his primary publisher, to begin commercially manufacturing, selling, and promoting a mass produced version of the doll. In addition to his patent application in 1915 for the design of what became the Raggedy Ann doll, Gruelle patented his design for a generic male doll in 1920. A short time after its literary debut in 1920, Raggedy Andy appeared as a commercially made doll, marketed by Volland. Following the success of the first Raggedy Ann book, Gruelle continued to author and illustrate at least one Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy story each year until his death in 1938. In his later years Gruelle collaborated with his son, Worth, on illustrations for some of his later books such as Raggedy Ann and the Golden Meadow (1935) and on a series of illustrated Raggedy Ann proverbs that were syndicated in newspapers. By 1938, the year that Johnny Gruelle died, his first Raggedy Ann book had sold more than 3 million copies. Raggedy Ann doll sales were also growing. The P. F. Volland Company's initial order of 24 dozen dolls from the Non Breakable Toy Company, the doll's early manufacturer, increased to about 3,200 dolls within the first eight months of production. With its growing popularity, Gruelle gave Volland the exclusive rights to manufacture and sell the dolls as long as it remained the exclusive publisher of his books. Following Gruelle's death in 1938, Myrtle (Swann) Gruelle, his widow, took further legal action to secure the rights to his works, trademarks, and patents, including those relating to Raggedy Ann and Andy. She also continued to promote Raggedy Ann and Andy, among Gruelle's other literary characters, through the Johnny Gruelle Company, which also published the author's books for several years. (P. F. Volland, his primary publisher, had discontinued its book publishing business during the Great Depression.)

By the end of the 1940s, sales of Raggedy Ann related books exceeded 7 million copies. Bobbs Merrill eventually became part of Macmillan Inc. and later Simon & Schuster, while Hasbro acquired Knickerbocker Toys. As such, Hasbro holds the trademark for the Raggedy Ann stuffed doll, while all other trademarks are claimed by Simon & Schuster, at present a division of Paramount Global but in the process of being sold to Penguin Random House, which would eventually collapse. The original for the 1915 doll design, as well as the Raggedy Ann Stories (1918) and Raggedy Andy Stories (1920) books, are in the public domain, their copyrights having expired. The Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy dolls and their related memorabilia have become sought after collectors' items. In addition to the dolls and books, other related items continue to be produced including adaptations of the stories into comic books, audio recordings, animated films, and television and theatrical productions.

The Raggedy Ann doll was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame in Rochester, New York, on March 27, 2002. Raggedy Andy was inducted 5 years later on November 8, 2007.

Johnny Gruelle, Raggedy Ann's creator, authored and/or illustrated dozens of related works. Many other books were released and in some cases credited to Gruelle after his death in 1938. In addition, numerous works have been written and/or illustrated by others such as Ethel Hays, who illustrated most of the Saalfield Publishing Company's Raggedy Ann related stories published from 1944.

A collection of twenty books published by Lynx, with each story containing a lesson, such as maintaining friendship when someone moves away or why parents must go to work. Raggedy Ann and Andy live in Marcella's playroom with many other toys such as Babette the French doll, Raggedy Dog, The Camel with the Wrinkled Knees, Sunny Bunny, Bubbles the Clown, Tim the Toy Soldier and more. Sunny Bunny Comes Home: Marcella discovers Sunny Bunny in the attic and brings him to the nursery, where the other toys show off their talents. The rabbit doesn't have any talents that he can discern, but when he hops high to save Marcella's balloons, he earns respect from the other toys. Little Bear's Problem: While visiting the circus with Marcella, Raggedy Ann & Andy meet Little Bear, who's dismayed that he doesn't get to spend much time with his parents. The dolls teach him that his folks are bringing joy to others, so Little Bear decides to concentrate on his own future career as a performer. Sam Lamb Moves Away: Marcella gives Sam Lamb to her visiting cousin. The toys miss their friend so they send letters via the sparrows and discover Sam has found a happy new home. Raggedy Dog to the Rescue: Raggedy Dog is jealous when Raggedy Cat comes to live in the nursery, so he chases her to Raggedy Land and corners her in a tree. Realizing that he's done wrong, the dog comes to the cat's rescue and they become friends. What Can a Camel Do? : The Camel with the Wrinkled Knees can't think of a thing to do for the Talent Show, but he ultimately discovers that he has a talent for hauling the toys' equipment to the Talent Show. Babette's Scary Night: When the dolls camp out in the playhouse, Babette becomes spooked by the scary stories that her friends tell, but they ultimately convince her that she has nothing to fear. A Very Close Call: When the toys play a game of hide and seek, Bubbles the clown gets locked in the pantry, so everyone works to free him. Grouchy Bear's Parade: Marcella brings home a teddy bear whom she names Grouchy. The toy feels obliged to live up to his name, but Raggedy Ann teaches him that it's okay to show his true feelings. Once he does, Grouchy is chosen to lead the Teddy Bear Parade. The Box of Tricks: Raggedy Andy gets into a box of tricks that Marcella received for her birthday. The other toys aren't amused, so they turn the tables on him. Raggedy Dog's Bone: Raggedy Dog is proud when he discovers a bone buried in the yard, but he learns that it belongs to Fido, Marcella's real puppy. The Jack In The Box: Marcella's cousin brings a Jack in the Box who doesn't want to play with the other toys, so they put on a pretend circus and invite him to join. Play Ball: While visiting Marcella's cousin's house, Raggedy Ann and Andy are asked to participate in a baseball game, but Andy discovers he's not a great player. The Play in the Attic: The toys are placed in the attic while the playroom is being painted. They're initially upset by the move, but they dig through trunks and entertain themselves by staging a production of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. Raggedy Dog Learns to Share: Fido leaves his ball with Raggedy Dog, who doesn't want the other toys to play with it. Raggedy Andy's Perfect Party: Raggedy Andy suggests the toys throw a party to celebrate the first day of summer. Everyone is assigned duties, but he neglects to designate someone to decorate. The Sleepover: When Marcella chooses Sunny Bunny to accompany her on a sleepover, the rabbit worries that her friend's toys won't like him. The Birthday Surprise: The toys have assigned duties in preparation for the Camel's birthday party, but Babette gets distracted and is forced to improvise her bouquet. Bubbles Goes to the Fair: Bubbles the Clown practices juggling in hopes of winning a prize at the Raggedy Land Fair, but he forgets to bring along his juggling balls. Tim's Big Adventure: On a rainy day, Raggedy Ann decides to read a story to the other toys. Tim the toy soldier has no interest, but he's soon swept up in the drama and envisions himself as the hero. A Parent's Guide to Raggedy Ann and Andy's Grow and Learn Library: Includes summaries of the stories and themes, plus tie in activities for children.

Many subsequent adaptations of the Raggedy Ann and Andy books have been published, in addition to the characters appearing in other media formats.

In the original 1971 version of the Peter Pan's Flight attraction at the Magic Kingdom, a pair of Raggedy Ann and Andy dolls could be seen having a tea party at the very start of the attraction. The small scene remained until around 2018 2019, where it was replaced with a chair and a generic doll. A Raggedy Ann balloon debuted at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, flying for four appearances between 1984 and 1986 and in 1991. A girl can be seen holding a Raggedy Ann doll in the 1996 Disney animated film James and the Giant Peach. Barbara Beaird (Wendy)holds a Raggedy Ann doll while riding in a covered wagon. Although at the time of the westward wagon trains (1840s 1880s) Johnny Gruelle would have been a child. Discovered in the Wagon Train s4e31. In Bump in the Night, the character Molly Coddle could have been inspired by the famous stuffed doll with some of the character Sally from The Nightmare Before Christmas. Raggedy Ann along with Raggedy Andy appear in the South Park "Imaginationland" trilogy amongst the good creatures. Stan Marsh also dressed up as Raggedy Andy in "Pinkeye" for Halloween, not knowing that Wendy decided to dress up as Chewbacca rather than Raggedy Ann. The costume for Stan would later appear as a playable character in South Park Rally. The allegedly cursed Annabelle doll is a Raggedy Ann doll living in Ed and Lorraine Warren's house in Monroe, Connecticut. The character Ragatha from Gooseworx's The Amazing Digital Circus was explicitly stated to be based on Raggedy Ann. A Raggedy Ann doll appears on the cover of Golden Feelings, the debut studio album by American musician Beck.

Gruelle's hometown of Arcola, Illinois, is the former home of the annual Raggedy Ann and Andy Festival and the Raggedy Ann and Andy Museum. The museum was closed and the festival discontinued in 2009. Some of the museum's contents were donated to Strong National Museum of Play. Other aspects of the collection were moved to the Rockome Gardens theme park in Arcola.