Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс алдындағы Германия мен Жапонияның өнеркәсіптік ынтымақтастығы

Industrial cooperation between Germany and the Empire of Japan
In the years leading up to the outbreak of World War II in Europe in 1939, there was some significant collaborative development in heavy industry between German companies and their Japanese counterparts as part of the two nation's evolving relations. This was one major factor in Japan's ability to quickly exploit raw materials in the areas of the Empire of Japan that had recently come under their military control.

Nippon Lurgi Goshi KK was a Japanese company of the period involved in Japanese German cooperation. The Lurgi AG German industrial group was a partner, and it was the Lurgi office in Tokyo. The Combined Intelligence Objectives Sub committee of the United States and United Kingdom later investigated it. At the beginning of 1942 the Japanese acquired all the low temperature carbonization patents of Lurgi for Japan, Manchuria, and of China. The agreement gave the Japanese the right to construct plants and an exclusive use of patents. A flat payment of approximately 800,000 Reichsmark, was received from the Japanese, this sum being cleared through the German government. One of the aims was synthetic oil. For example, the South Sakhalin Mining and Railway Company plant at Naihoro/Oichai in Karafuto perhaps motivated the licensing: the southern Karafuto brown coal with a content of paraffin tar (about 15%), and low water content, was suitable for hydrogenation. Mitsui Kosan KK Miiki (Ohmura) operated from about 1939. Lurgi AG installed an activated carbon plant to operate with the Fischer–Tropsch plant. Coke and water gas were produced, the coke ovens being built by Koppers. The shale plant at Fushun (Japanese Bujum), Manchuria, was perhaps capable of annual production of 200,000 tons of shale oil. The Imperial Japanese Navy also had an interest there in producing some diesel oil and gasoline, in low amounts. The Manshu Gosei Nenryo plant at Jinzhou (Kinshu), was a Fischer–Tropsch plant producing about 30,000 tons per year, online from about 1940. Near Beijing, in Hebei, the Kalgari factory was to develop the local bituminous coal. It could be used also for the Mengjiang coal of the Chahar–Suiyuan mines. A planned gasification plant at Rumoe in Hokkaidō was apparently not built. Chosen Sekitan KK at Eian was a small low temperature carbonization plant which was processed about 600 tons of coal per day. This plant yielded from 15,000 to 20,000 tons per annum of coal tar.

Ube Yuka Kogya KK (No.2), at Ube was a low temperature carbonization plant, with a synthetic ammonia plant. This was a collaboration with Heinrich Koppers AG of Essen.

According to decrypted messages from the Japanese embassy in Germany, twelve dismantled V 2 (A 4) rockets were shipped to Japan. These left Bordeaux in August 1944 on the U 219 was launched in and U 195 was launched in and reached Djakarta in December 1944. Civilian V 2 expert Heinz Schlicke was a passenger on the U 234 was launched in when it departed Kristiansand, Norway for Japan in May 1945, shortly before the war ended in Europe. The fate of these V 2 rockets is unknown.

There are other cases of military technology interchange. The Ho Ru SPG with 47 mm AT cannon, resembled the German Hetzer tank destroyer combined with wheel guide pins like the T 34. The heavy tank destroyers Ho Ri I and II, armed with a 105 mm cannon, seem to have been influenced by German Jagd heavy tanks Elefant and Jagdtiger. The Type 4 Chi To medium tank, armed with a 75 mm cannon, and the Type 5 Chi Ri medium tank, armed with 75 or 88 mm cannon, were influenced by the Panther, Tiger I, and Tiger II German tanks. The Type 1 Ho Ha half track armoured personnel carrier was similar to the German Sd. Kfz. 251 armoured fighting vehicle. Japanese Ambassador General Hiroshi Ōshima in the name of Japanese Army bought one example of the Panzerkampfwagen PzKpfw VI Ausf E Tiger I tank with additional equipment.

The Japanese Navy received examples of the German Type IXD2 submarine Ausf "Monsun" and other submarines, including the Type IXC's U 511 was launched in (RO 500) and U 1224 was launched in (RO 501), and after the German surrender, interned the Type IXD2's U 181 was launched in (I 501) and U 862 was launched in (I 502), the captured Italian submarines Comandante Cappellini, (I 503), and Luigi Torelli (I 504), which had become Foreign U boats UIT 24 and UIT 25, and the German Type X submarine U 219 was launched in (I 505), the Type IXD1 U 195 was launched in (I 506). Japan also received Flakvierling anti aircraft cannons, with a disarmed V 2, etc. as well. Japanese Navy received later in last war stages from Germans, some advanced technology of Type XXI "Elektro boote" class for designed The Sen Taka (submarine, high speed) and Sen Taka Sho (submarine, high speed, small) models, in high bursts of speed, could run faster submerged than on the surface for up to an hour, only comparable in underwater speed to the I 201 class was the German related sub type.

To put this in perspective, the Japanese also bought licences and acquired aircraft (sometimes singly and sometimes in large quantities) from most of the western countries. These included the United Kingdom (with which it had a close relationship up until shortly after the end of World War I) and whose De Havilland aircraft were extensively used, France, who supplied a huge variety of aircraft of all types from 1917 through to the 1930s, and whose Nieuport Delage NiD 29 fighter provided the Japanese Army Air Force with its first modern fighter aircraft, as well as the bias toward extremely manoeuvrable aircraft. The United States of America supplied the Douglas DC 4E and Douglas DC 5, the North American NA 16 (precursor to the T 6/SNJ) as well as others too many to list. This resulted in many Japanese aircraft being discounted as being copies of Western designs which from 1935 onwards was rarely the case except for trainers and light transports where development could be accelerated, the Nakajima Ki 201 and Mitsubishi J8M being rare exceptions.

By 1944, Japan was to rely heavily on the Nippon German Technical Exchange Agreement, obtaining manufacturing rights, intelligence, blueprints, and in some cases, actual airframes for several of Germany's new air weapons. These included the Me 163 Komet (developed as the Mitsubishi J8M Shusui), the BMW 003 axial flow jet engine (which was reworked to Japanese standards as the Ishikawajima Ne 20), information on the Me 262 which resulted in the Nakajima J9Y Kikka), data on the Fiesler Fi 103R series (which culminated in the development of the Kawanishi Baika), and even data on the Bachem Ba 349 Natter point defense interceptor.

While the Nakajima Kikka bore some resemblance to the German Me 262, it was only superficial, even though the Ne 20 engines which powered the Kikka were the Japanese equivalent of the German BMW 003 engine which initially powered the Me 262 prototype. Also, the Kikka was envisioned from the outset not as a fighter, but as a special attack bomber and was only armed with a bomb payload. It is wrongly considered that this aircraft registration was J9Y or J10N, although this aircraft was never registered.