IOI Корпорациясы: Малайзиялық конгломерат және пальма майы өндірісі

Malaysian conglomerate

IOI Corporation Berhad, commonly referred to as IOI, was incorporated on 31 October 1969 as Industrial Oxygen Incorporated Sdn Bhd. IOI is one of Malaysia's biggest conglomerates. It ventured into oil palm plantations in 1983, followed by property development in 1984 and refineries in 1997. Lee Yeow Chor is currently the chief executive. Its diverse businesses extend from the upstream plantation in Malaysia and Indonesia, to downstream manufacturing of oleochemicals, specialty oils and fats which are exported to over 70 countries.

Palm oil plantations are IOI's biggest income generator. As of 2023, about 63 percent of the conglomerate's profits came from its oil palm plantations. The group controls 176,925 hectares of oil palm plantations in Malaysia and Indonesia. It has 15 palm oil mills with a total refining capacity of 1.8 million metric tonnes of FFB (fresh fruit bunches) per year from its 98 estates throughout Malaysia and Indonesia. With oil yield of some six tonnes per hectare per year at its mature estates, IOI is the most efficient plantation company in the world. Malaysia's oil palm average yield for the last 20 years has been stagnant at four tonnes per hectare per year. Nestlé stopped buying palm oil from IOI in 2016. The United Nations Environment Programme says palm oil production is the leading cause of deforestation, which is occurring at a rate of about two per cent per year. Indonesia is also the world's third largest carbon emitter, largely as a result of deforestation and the burning of peatlands.

IOI develops real estate and makes property investments in commercial, hospitality and leisure, launching its maiden 930 acre Bandar Puchong Jaya township in 1990. and relisted it as IOI Properties Group Berhad on the Main Market of Bursa Malaysia on 15 January 2014.

IOI is the largest vegetable oil based oleochemical manufacturer in Asia—held under wholly owned entities IOI Oleochemical Industries Bhd and Pan Century Oleochemical Sdn Bhd with a combined capacity of over 750,000 tonnes per annum. In 2021, IOI was ranked 8th on the Global Top 30 Specialty Oil Companies list. These plants produce fatty acids and esters, glycerine, soap noodles, fatty alcohols, and metallic stearates. These have various industrial applications in the production of food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics, personal care, home care, industrial detergent surfactants and lubricant products. IOI's specialty fats businesses are operated by its 20% owned associate Bunge Loders Croklaan (formerly known as IOI Loders Croklaan), with manufacturing facilities in the Netherlands, North America, and in Malaysia (with a combined production capacity of more than a million tonnes per year). Bunge Loders Croklaan's customer base includes global food giants like Unilever, Nestle, Cadbury and Kraft. Speciality fats are used in pastries, confectionery, snack foods, and ready to eat meals.

IOI owns refineries in the US and the Netherlands. IOI extended its activities to Indonesia in 2005. Its associate company in Indonesia is Bumitama Gunajaya Agro.