1,2 Дихлорэтан: қасиеттері, қолданылуы және тарихы

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| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477203605
| Name = 1,2 Dichloroethane
| ImageFileL1 = 1,2 dichloroethane. svg
| ImageNameL1 = 1,2 Dichloroethane
| ImageFileR1 = 1,2 dichloroethane 3D vdW. png
| ImageNameR1 = 1,2 Dichloroethane
| PIN = 1,2 Dichloroethane
| OtherNames = Ethylene dichlorideEthylene chloride1,2 DCA1,2 DCE
DCEEthane dichlorideDutch liquid, Dutch oilFreon 150
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| Section2 = Chembox Properties
| C=2 | H=4 | Cl=2
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Odor = characteristic, pleasant chloroform like odor
| ExploLimits = 6.2–16%
| LCLo = 1217 ppm (mouse, 2 h)1000 ppm (rat, 4 h)3000 ppm (rabbit, 7 h) 1,2 Dichloroethane is also used generally as an intermediate for other organic chemical compounds, and as a solvent. It forms azeotropes with many other solvents, including water (at a boiling point of ) and other chlorocarbons.

In 1794, physician Jan Rudolph Deiman, merchant Adriaan Paets van Troostwijk, chemist Anthoni Lauwerenburg, and botanist Nicolaas Bondt, under the name of Society of Dutch Chemists (Gezelschap der Hollandsche Scheikundigen), were the first to produce 1,2 dichloroethane from olefiant gas (oil making gas, ethylene) and chlorine gas. Although the Gezelschap in practice did not do much in depth scientific research, they and their publications were highly regarded. Part of that acknowledgement is that 1,2 dichloroethane was called "Dutch oil" in old chemistry. This is also the origin of the archaic term "olefiant gas" (oil making gas) for ethylene, for in this reaction it is ethylene that makes the Dutch oil. And "olefiant gas" is the etymological origin of the modern term "olefins", the family of hydrocarbons of which ethylene is the first member.

1,2 Dichloroethane has been used as degreaser and paint remover but is now banned from use due to its toxicity and possible carcinogenity. As a useful 'building block' reagent, it is used as an intermediate in the production of diverse organic compounds such as ethylenediamine and higher ethyleneamines. In the laboratory it is occasionally used as a source of chlorine, with elimination of ethene and chloride. Via several steps, 1,2 dichloroethane is a precursor to 1,1,1 trichloroethane. Historically, before leaded petrol was phased out, chloroethanes were used as an additive in petrol to prevent lead buildup in engines.