Қытай тілінің GBK кодындамасы

Simplified Chinese character encoding

GBK is an extension of the GB 2312 character set for Simplified Chinese characters, used in the People's Republic of China. It includes all unified CJK characters found in GB 13000.1 93, i. e. ISO/IEC 10646:1993, or Unicode 1.1. Since its initial release in 1993, GBK has been extended by Microsoft in Code page 936/1386, which was then extended into GBK 1.0. GBK is also the IANA registered internet name for the Microsoft mapping, which differs from other implementations primarily by the single byte euro sign at 0x80. GB abbreviates Guójiā Biāozhǔn, which means national standard in Chinese, while K stands for Extension (扩展 kuòzhǎn). GBK not only extended the old standard GB 2312 with Traditional Chinese characters, but also with Chinese characters that were simplified after the establishment of GB 2312 in 1981. With the arrival of GBK, certain names with characters formerly unrepresentable, like the 镕 (róng) character in former Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji's name, are now representable. as of 2022, GBK is the third most popular encoding served from China and territories (after UTF 8 and the subset GB 2312), with 1.9% of web servers serving a page that declares GBK. However, all major web browsers decode GB2312 marked documents as if they were marked GBK, except for Safari and Edge on the label GB 2312. Together, GBK and GB 2312 encodings have a combined 5.5% presence in China and territories.

In 1993, the Unicode 1.1 standard was released, including 20,902 characters used in mainland China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea. Following this, China released GB 13000.1 93, the Guobiao standard equivalent of Unicode 1.1. The GBK character set was defined in 1993 as an extension of GB 2312 80, while also including the characters of GB 13000.1 93 through the unused codepoints available in GB 2312. Hence GBK is backward compatible with GB 2312. GBK was defined in a normative annex to GB 13000.1 93. Microsoft implemented GBK in Windows 95 and Windows NT 3.51 as Code Page 936. While GBK was never an official standard, widespread usage of Windows 95 led to GBK becoming the de facto standard. While GBK included all the Chinese characters defined in Unicode 1.1 and GB 13000.1 93, these standards used different code tables. The primary reason for its existence was simply to bridge the gap between GB 2312 80 and GB 13000.1 93. In 1995, China National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee set down the Chinese Internal Code Extension Specification (s=汉字内码扩展规范 (GBK)), Version 1.0, known as GBK 1.0, which is a slight extension of Codepage 936. The newly added 95 characters were not found in GB 13000.1 1993, and were provisionally assigned Unicode PUA code points. Microsoft later added the euro sign to Code page 936 and assigned the code 0x80 to it. This is not a valid code point in GBK 1.0. In 2000, the GB 18030 2000 standard was released, superseding yet maintaining compatibility with GBK 1.0. It increased the number of definitions of Chinese characters and extended the number of possible characters through the implementation of four byte character spaces. The subset of GB 18030 consisting of one byte and two byte characters is sometimes also referred to as GBK. Mapping to Unicode has been slightly changed, though, as some characters are now defined in Unicode. In the most up to date form of the standard, GB 18030 2005, only 24 characters are still mapped to Unicode PUA (see GB 18030#PUA.) In 2002, GBK was registered as an IANA charset; the registration uses code page 936 mapping as well as CP936/MS936 aliases, but refers to GBK 1.0 specification. defines a GBK encoder as a GB 18030 encoder with a single byte euro sign and without four byte sequences (while W3C's GBK decoder specification has no such limitation, decodes as GB 18030, i. e. with same range of letters as all of Unicode).