Венаның Фаворитен ауданы: тарихы мен географиясы

The name comes from Favorita, a semi baroque palace complex that once served as a hunting castle but today is the Theresianum a Gymnasium (middle and high school) in the 4th district (Wieden). The customs facilities at the original southern border of Vienna were known as the Favoriten Linie (Favoriten Line) while nearby houses were known as the Siedlung vor der Favoriten Linie (Settlement in front of the Favoriten Line).

The Favoriten District includes 6 sections: Katastralgemeinden Favoriten, Inzersdorf Stadt, Rothneusiedl, Unterlaa, Oberlaa Stadt and Oberlaa Land, as well as small parts of the 2 sections Katastralgemeinden Kaiserebersdorf and Simmering. The northern part of the district is the historical Favoriten (Workers District), a grid patterned residential area with many houses over 100 years old, plus intermediate industries (such as the complex of Ankerbrot AG). On the western edge of the district are two contrasting developments, opposite each other: during the inter war period, George Washington Court was built (as a stylish Gemeindebau); and during 1990 2000, Business Park Vienna was built, including Vienna Twin Towers (skyscrapers), bounded on the south, by the forty years older Philipshaus on Trieste Street, in the architecture of classical Modernism.

The district is bordered by the districts Meidling to the west, Liesing to the southwest, Margareten and Wieden to the north, and Simmering to the east. The Südbahn serves Favoriten in the north and Vienna Main Station, which lies in the northeast of the district. The rail line forms the northern border of the district running by the foot of the Wienerberg (Vienna Mountain) before turning southwards past Laaer Berg (Laa Mountain) to Liesingtal (Liesing Valley), where the Lower Austrian towns of Hennersdorf, Leopoldsdorf and Schwechat are.

In 1874, the former settlement of Favoriten was annexed by Vienna as the 10th district. The first district director was the well known Johann Steudel, who ran a tavern in the former settlement. The district expanded its borders quickly as industries and the associated housing grew in the area. After World War II, Vienna was divided into quarters and split among the Allies, and Favoriten belonged to the Soviet occupied sector. Favoriten was last expanded in 1954, when the former villages of Rothneusiedl, Oberlaa and Unterlaa were annexed to the district. In the Oberlaa/Rothneusiedl area there are several constructions named after well known Swedish people, such as the Per Albin Hansson Siedlung, the Olof Palme Hof, and the Selma Lagerlöf Gasse. This is to honour the Swedish support after the war. Per Albin Hansson, the Swedish social democratic politician, for instance lent a lot of support to Vienna after World War II.

In 1869, the current area covered by the Favoriten District included only 22,340 inhabitants. Due to the huge influx of workers in the district area up to the beginning of the First World War, the district population increased 7 fold up to 1910 as 159,241 inhabitants. Thereafter, the district's population declined until the 30s, fell during the Second World War, but for the next 40 years gradually increased. Unlike many downtown districts, the population numbers grew in the 50s and 60s again, as the district had sufficient land area for new buildings, which expanded due to the housing demand. From the '70s, the population began to stagnate; however, since 2001, the number of inhabitants has increased significantly and, at the beginning of 2007, amounted to 169,578 people.

The age of the population in Favoriten from 2001 is average for Vienna. The number of children under 15 years was 14.6%, against the Vienna area average of 14.7%. The proportion of the population 15 to 59 years was 62.6% (Vienna: 63.6%), only slightly below average. This showed particularly in the younger population deficits, while the number of people aged 60 or more years with 22.8%, was above the value of Vienna (21.7%). The gender distribution in the district area was 47.7% men and 52.8% women, the number of Favoriten marriages had a share of 42.9% compared to 41.2%, above the average of Vienna.

The proportion of foreign district residents in 2016 was 32,8 % (Vienna citywide 27,4 %), an increase over 2001 (16.5%) as in the entire State, as a rising trend. The highest proportion of foreigners, in 2005, was represented with a 5.5% share of the district population, as nationals from Serbia and Montenegro. Another 3.9% were Turkish, Bosnian 1.6%, Polish 1.3%, Croatian 2% and 0.6% German citizens. In total, for 2001, 23.7% of the population of Favoriten were not born in Austria. Nearly 6.8% expressed as a colloquial language Serbian, but Turkish 7.4% and 2.6% Croatian.

The religion of the population in the Favoriten District, in the 2001 census, had a proportion of Muslim population higher than the average of Vienna. In 2001, 47.0% of the inhabitants had membership to the Roman Catholic Church (Vienna citywide: 49.2%). There were 15 Roman Catholic parishes, the City Deanery had 10 images. Nearly 11.2% of residents were Islamic faith (Vienna citywide: 7.8%), 6.4% belonged to the Eastern Orthodox Church, and 4.1% were Protestant. Nearly 26.5% of the district population, however, belonged to no religious group, and 4.9% had no religion or other preference given.

Favoriten is home to the stadium of one of the most successful Austrian Bundesliga teams FK Austria Wien, who play at the Generali Arena. Favoriten is also home to a smaller club which came to prominence in the 80's Favoritner AC and another formerly successful smaller club KSV Ankerbrot Montelaa.