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Louisburg is a city in Miami County, Kansas, United States.

Prior to the American Civil War, the land of what is now called Louisburg was part of an area reserved for members of various tribes of Native Americans who were ceding their lands in Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. Settling there were the Peoria, Wea, Piankeshaw, and Kaskaskia tribes which together eventually became the Confederated Tribe of Peoria. The community had some disorder during this time. As a town near the border, there remained conflicts between Kansas Jayhawkers and Missouri Raiders. In addition, the railroad tracks running through the community divided it into north and south areas. Circa 1875, many businesses and homes were moved from north of the railroad to the south, and formed what was to become downtown Louisburg. Louisburg was incorporated as a city of the third class November 3, 1882, and held its first city election two weeks later on November 17, 1882. The population was listed as 400, and 141 of those residents voted in the first election.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 6.12 square miles (16 km2), of which 5.57 square miles (14 km2) is land and 0.55 square miles (1 km2) is water.

The Little Round House was originally an addition to a front porch for a Victorian style house in the nearby town of Paola, and was called such because it was indeed round in shape. Because of increased truck traffic from Missouri on K 68 through town, Louisburg was contacted by the State of Kansas about needing an inspection station. As a solution, the Little Round House was moved to Louisburg in the 1930s to serve as a border checkpoint office. As years passed, the Little Round House became a home to a variety of small businesses, and had been used as temporary housing during World War II.

Louisburg is part of the Kansas City metropolitan area.

The 2020 United States census counted 4,969 people, 1,841 households, and 1,315 families in Louisburg. The racial makeup was 91.27% (4,535) white or European American (89.66% non Hispanic white), 0.54% (27) black or African American, 0.22% (11) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.66% (33) Asian, 0.04% (2) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.72% (36) from other races, and 6.54% (325) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 3.64% (181) of the population. Of the 1,841 households, 41.1% had children under the age of 18; 55.7% were married couples living together; 24.8% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 24.9% of households consisted of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 16.8% of the population. 29.8% of the population was under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 21.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females, there were 109.5 males. Males had a median income of $57,143 (+/ $16,312) versus $35,573 (+/ $4,940) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $39,977 (+/ $7,955). Approximately, 10.4% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.9% of those under the age of 18 and 33.5% of those ages 65 or over.

As of the census of 2010, there were 4,315 people, 1,583 households, and 1,148 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 1,718 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.8% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.3% of the population. There were 1,583 households, of which 41.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 11.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 27.5% were non families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.19. The median age in the city was 33.9 years. 30.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 31.4% were from 25 to 44; 20.9% were from 45 to 64; and 11.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

As of the census of 2000, there were 2,576 people, 946 households, and 687 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 1,026 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 98.21% White, 0.31% African American, 0.35% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.12% from other races, and 0.89% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.05% of the population. There were 946 households, out of which 40.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.8% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.3% were non families. 23.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.09. In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.0% under the age of 18, 7.2% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 18.4% from 45 to 64, and 14.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $46,500, and the median income for a family was $51,729. Males had a median income of $33,783 versus $29,250 for females. The per capita income for the city was $21,560. About 2.8% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.3% of those under age 18 and 2.5% of those age 65 or over.

Recreation in Louisburg includes several options. The Middle Creek State Fishing Lake is nearby for fishing, and the Louisburg City Lake has a 1.5 mile (2 km) paved pathway around it for individuals to walk or jog. Additionally, Louisburg has the Louisburg Aquatic Center for swimming, a 9 hole public golf course, a city park, and the Lewis Young Park, which has softball, baseball, and soccer fields that are used day and night. Also located at Lewis Young Park is the Powell Observatory, which was built in 1984 by members of the Astronomical Society of Kansas City. The observatory's telescopes include one of the largest in the region, which is also one of the few in the nation of its size that is made available for public viewing. The observatory regularly schedules viewings available to the public, and also provides shows that are intended to educate individuals about astronomy. Private viewings can also be scheduled. Near Louisburg is Rutlader Outpost, which has an RV park for those who camp and an antique store for shopping. Louisburg is well known for the Louisburg Cider Mill & Country Store which was constructed of wood saved from an old barn on 26945 Metcalf. The Louisburg Cider Mill holds several special events throughout the year, including Ciderfest in the fall.

The Louisburg government consists of a mayor and five council members. The council meets the 1st and 3rd Monday of each month at 6:30PM.