Пибоди қаласының тарихы мен географиясы

Peabody ('/p//i://b//ə//d//i/) is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 54,481 at the time of the 2020 United States Census. Peabody is located in the North Shore region of Massachusetts, and is known for its rich industrial history.

The area was long inhabited by Native American people known as the Naumkeag. The area was settled as part of Salem in 1626 by a small group of English colonists from Cape Ann led by Roger Conant. It was subsequently referred to as the Northfields, Salem Farms, and Brooksby. Several area residents were accused of witchcraft during the Salem witch trials of the late 17th century, three of whom were executed (John Proctor, Giles Corey, and Martha Corey). In 1752, the area was set off from Salem, and incorporated as a district of Danvers. It was referred to as "the South Parish", associated with a church located in present day Peabody Square. In 1855, the community broke away from Danvers, and was incorporated as the independent town of South Danvers. The name was changed to Peabody on April 30, 1868, in honor of George Peabody, noted philanthropist born in present day Peabody, widely regarded as the "father of modern philanthropy". It was granted city status in 1916. The western, less densely populated area of town is often separately, yet unofficially, referred to as West Peabody. Peabody started off as a farming community, but its rivers and streams attracted mills which operated by water power. During the 18th century, Peabody's Central Street corridor was a hub of pottery manufacturing, especially redware. In particular, Peabody was a major center of New England's leather industry, which attracted immigrants from all around the world. By 1915, one third of the population had been born outside the United States. In addition to becoming home to large Irish and Russian populations, Peabody developed a large community of laborers hailing from the Ottoman Empire, mostly Turkish and Kurdish speakers from the region of Harput, now known as Elazığ. The tanneries that lined Peabody's "Ottoman Street" remained a linchpin of the city's economy into the second half of the 20th century. The tanneries have since closed or been relocated elsewhere, but the city remains known locally as the Leather City or Tanner City. The mascot of Peabody Veterans Memorial High School is named the Tanners. The loss of the tanneries was a huge blow to Peabody's economy, but the city has made up for the erosion of its industrial base, at least in part, through other forms of economic development. Early in the 20th century, Peabody joined the automobile revolution, hosting the pioneer Brass Era company, Corwin Manufacturing. The Northshore Mall, originally known as the Northshore Shopping Center, is one of the region's largest shopping malls. The mall opened in September 1958 as an outdoor shopping center, and was built on farm land originally owned by Elias Hasket Derby, one of America's first millionaires. Centennial Park, an industrial park in the center of the city, has attracted several medical and technology companies. West Peabody, which was mostly farm land until the 1950s, has been developed into a middle to upper class residential area. Brooksby Farm, a working farm and conservation area has been one of the city's most popular destinations for decades.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and or 3.46%, is water. The northwestern border of Peabody lies along the Ipswich River, with brooks feeding it, and the Waters River, a tributary of the Danvers River, drains the northeastern part of town. Several other ponds and a portion of Suntaug Lake lie within town. The largest protected portion of the city is the Brooksby Farm, whose land includes the Nathaniel Felton Houses. The city is wedge shaped, with the city center located in the wider northeastern end. The neighborhood of South Peabody lies south of it, and the more suburban neighborhood of West Peabody, where the high school is located, lies to the west of the city center, separated by the highways and the Proctor neighborhood. Peabody's center is 2 mile (3 km) from the center of Salem, 15 mile (24 km) northeast of Boston, 18 mile (29 km) west southwest of Gloucester, and 18 mile (29 km) southeast of Lawrence. Peabody is also bordered by Middleton to the northwest, Danvers to the north, Salem to the east, Lynn to the south and Lynnfield to the southwest.

As of the census of 2010, Local minutemen met in the tavern's yard before the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Brooksby Farm, a city owned farm and conservation area. George Peabody House Museum, dedicated to George Peabody. North Shore Children's Museum, a city owned museum. Peabody's Black Box Theater. Peabody Institute Library, a public library established in 1852 following a bequest from philanthropist and Peabody resident George Peabody. Tillie's Farm, a city owned farm in South Peabody. Washington Street Historic District, a 19th century residential neighborhood where many civic and business leaders of the time period built homes.

Salem Country Club is a privately owned country club and golf course, which hosted the U. S. Senior Open in 2001 and 2017, and the U. S. Women's Open in 1954 and 1984. Independence Greenway is a 5.25 mile (8 km) rail trail that is part of the Border to Boston trail. Crystal Lake is a 21 acre conservation area and is part of the Ipswich River watershed. Spring Pond is a lake that abuts Peabody, Lynn, and Salem.

Bishop Fenwick High School, a Catholic private high school. Covenant Christian Academy, a Christian and classical preparatory school. St. John the Baptist School, a private Catholic school.

The municipally owned Peabody Municipal Light Plant provides electricity to the city. Natural gas service in Peabody is provided by National Grid. Cable television in Peabody is provided by Comcast and the City in June 2019 issued a second Cable TV license to RCN.