1884 жылғы Атлант мұхитындағы дауыл маусымы

Hurricane season in the Atlantic Ocean

The 1884 Atlantic hurricane season was one of only three Atlantic hurricane seasons, along with 1852 and 1858, in which every known tropical cyclone attained hurricane status. Overall, four tropical cyclones developed, three of which made landfall. The first system was initially observed over the northwestern Atlantic Ocean on September 1. It struck Newfoundland the following day, but impact there is unknown. On September 3, the next hurricane developed, though it did not affect land in its duration. The third hurricane struck Georgia, accompanied by damaging waves in north Florida. The final storm was last noted on October 17. These dates fall within the period with the most tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic. Only two tropical cyclones during the season existed simultaneously. The hurricane brought heavy rainfall to Jamaica, resulting in eight deaths. This storm also left damage to crops and vessels in portions of the Bahamas and Cuba. Because technologies such as satellite monitoring were not available until the 1960s, historical data on tropical cyclones from this period may not be comprehensive. An undercount bias of zero to six tropical cyclones per year between 1851 and 1885 has been estimated. TOC

The first storm of the season was spotted by the steamship State of Nebraska, while located about midway between Bermuda and Sable Island at 00:00 UTC on September 1. Initially, sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h) were observed, equivalent to a Category 1 hurricane. Later on September 1, the bark Engelbert lost spars and sail to the east of Sable Island. Additionally, the Naupactus encountered heavy seas and lost a portion of its deckload. Early on September 2, the hurricane weakened to a tropical storm. Shortly thereafter, it made landfall in southeastern Newfoundland. Accelerating northeastward, the storm transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC on September 3, while located about 460 mile (740 km) northeast of St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador. The extratropical remnants moved east northeastward across the Atlantic and struck Ireland, before dissipating late on September 6. This hurricane was added to HURDAT based on a study by Jose F. Partagas and Henry F. Diaz in 1996. long after the storm moved offshore the Southeastern United States. In North Carolina, the cyclone dropped of precipitation at Wilmington, leaving streets and sidewalks nearly impassable. Fort Macon observed sustained winds of .

The final known tropical cyclone of the season was first observed in the Caribbean Sea by the steamship Cienfuegos on October 7, while located about 120 mile (193 km) south southeast of Kingston, Jamaica. That day, the storm dropped heavy rainfall on the island, resulting in at least eight fatalities. Moving north northeastward, the system strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane on October 8. Early the next day, the hurricane made landfall in Cuba near modern day Guantánamo Bay with winds of 80 mph (130 km/h). While crossing the island, the system weakened to a tropical storm on October 9. In Oriente Province, "some heavy damage" and several injuries were reported. Around midday on October 9, the storm emerged into the Atlantic Ocean near Frank País, Cuba. Continuing northward, the system became a Category 1 hurricane again on October 11. In the Bahamas, considerable damage was inflicted upon crops and fruit plantations. A number of shipping vessels were also lost. The brigantine Emma L. Hall, which was carrying 12,000 bushels of salt, suffered severe damage. At Grand Turk Island, the hurricane was considered the worst storm in 25 years. After moving north of the Bahamas, the storm strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane on October 14 and peaked with sustained winds of 105 mph (165 km/h). Shortly thereafter, the hurricane curved north northeastward and weakened to a Category 1 hurricane on the next day. Further weakening occurred and the system fell to tropical storm intensity by October 17. The storm was last noted about 450 mile (724 km) southeast of Bermuda.