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Centenary Test refers to two matches of Test cricket played between the English cricket team and the Australian cricket team, the first in 1977 and the second in 1980. These matches were played to mark the 100th anniversaries of the first Test cricket matches played in Australia (1877) and in England (1880) respectively. Neither match was played for The Ashes. The first Centenary Test was played in March 1977 to commemorate the match that is considered to be the first Test match, played in 1877. Both the 1877 and 1977 matches were played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne, Australia. Remarkably, Australia won both matches by exactly the same margin, 45 runs. A second Centenary Test was played in 1980 at Lord's in London, to commemorate the first Test match in England, at The Oval in 1880. The 1880 match was the fourth to be considered a Test match, and followed three earlier matches played between England and Australia in Australia (including the 1877 Test). The 1980 match was badly affected by rain on the first two days, and was drawn. This was the last Test match commentated by John Arlott.

The 1877 match was a timeless Test played from 15 to 19 March 1877, with a rest day on 18 March, with 4 ball overs. Australia scored 245 in the first innings, with 165 from Charles Bannerman, the first Test century, before he retired hurt (over 67% of the total, a Test record that still stands). The England team, captained by James Lillywhite, scored 196 in reply, with Billy Midwinter taking 5/78, the first Test "five for". Australia scored 104 in their second innings, with Alfred Shaw taking 5/38, setting England a target of 153 to win, but England were bowled out for 108, with Tom Kendall taking 7/55.

The idea of a celebration match at the Melbourne Cricket Ground to commemorate the centenary of Test cricket was conceived by former Test player and MCC committeeman Hans Ebeling. Organisation of the event was coordinated between the Melbourne Cricket Club and the Victorian Cricket Association, with sponsorship provided by Benson & Hedges, Trans Australia Airlines (who flew the past and present Australian cricketers to the event), Qantas (who flew the past and present English players in from London), and the Melbourne Hilton Hotel. In Australia, the game was broadcast on ABC TV and The 0 10 Network; the ABC commentary team consisted of Keith Miller, Paul Sheahan, Frank Tyson and Norman May, while the 0 10 Network commentary team comprised Richie Benaud, Bill Lawry, Ian Chappell (all of whom would later commentate cricket for the Nine Network), Bob Simpson and Geoffrey Boycott. The Centenary Test was played from 12 to 17 March 1977, with a rest day on 15 March. At that time, Test matches in Australia were played with 8 ball overs. This was the 800th Test match played, and the 225th between the two countries.

The first test match in England resulted in a victory to the hosts by 5 wickets. The three day match was played at The Oval from 6 to 8 September 1880. The England team included three Grace brothers, W. G. Grace, E. M. Grace and G. F. Grace. England won the toss and batted first, with W. G. Grace scoring 152, the first century by an Englishman, in England's first innings total of 420. Australia were bowled out for 149, followed on, and scored 327 in their second innings, including 153 not out for Billy Murdoch. England lost 5 wickets before reaching the target of 57.

The 1980 Centenary Test was played at Lord's from 28 August to 2 September 1980, with a rest day on 31 August. It was the 885th Test match played and the 240th between the two countries