Сан-Паулу Мемлекеттік Университеті: Тарихы мен қазіргі жағдайы

Public university in São Paulo, Brazil

São Paulo State University is considered the sixth most important university in Brazil, according to the Ranking Universitário Folha, one of the most recognized local rankings. According to the QS World University Ranking, Unesp is the fifth most important university in Brazil, 11th in Latin America, 29th in BRICS, and 482nd in the world. It is the only Brazilian member of the Compostela Group of Universities. It is one of the few Latin American universities to be constantly listed as one of the best universities worldwide.

Universities in Brazil are a recent phenomenon, compared to other Latin American countries. The first one was created in 1808 (Rio de Janeiro Medicine Faculty). Before the 20th century, there were no universities in the country. Existing institutions in higher education were either public or church run independent institutes. Rio de Janeiro Federal University was the first one, containing every faculty inside Rio de Janeiro city in 1926. São Paulo’s first university was USP, founded in 1933. By the 1950s, countryside people had to move toward capitals for undergraduate study. There were few higher education institutes outside Brazilian metropolises then. São Paulo state government created many colleges outside the capital in the 1950s and 1960s. Prominent cities in the state received these isolated institutes, known as “Faculdade de Filosofia”. In the 1970s, discussions were made within state government on how to coordinate the separate institutes. One Suggestions was to join the 14 institutes in a federation or a single university, which was enacted on subsequently. Inspired by the University of California multi campus system, Unesp was founded in 1976. The original campuses were in Araçatuba, Araraquara, Assis, Botucatu, Franca, Guaratinguetá, Ilha Solteira, Jaboticabal, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Rio Claro, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto and São Paulo. Bauru campus was incorporated in 1988. The name "Universidade Estadual Paulista" was suggested by the first rector of Unesp, Professor Luiz Ferreira Martins. The homage to pt (a journalist) was suggested by Prof. Dr. Moacyr Expedito Marret Vaz Guimarães, then President of the State Council of Education (EEC). Unesp is one of the six public higher education institutions in the state of São Paulo. The others are USP, UNICAMP, UNIFESP, UFABC, UFSCar and FATEC).

UNESP has a total of 1,900 laboratories and 30 libraries, which together have around 900,000 books available. In addition the facilities encompass museums, gardens, parks, botanical gardens and five experimental farms, totaling an area of 62.8 million m2, of which 745,400 m2 are developed area. The university also owns the Hospital de Clínicas de Botucatu and manages the State Hospital of Bauru, which together have around 800 beds, as well as veterinary hospitals and dentistry, psychology, speech therapy and physiotherapy clinics.

Unesp is governed by a rector, appointed by the state governor who chooses the final candidate from a list of three nominees. The nominees are selected through elections, taking place among university’s academics held every four years. Usually, the governor selects the winner of those elections. The rector presides over the University Council, composed of directors of every institute in the system and academic representatives. There are ten students representatives. The council makes most decisions that affect the university. Each institute (there are campuses with more than one) has one director and a council who rules with a degree of autonomy.

Unesp employs about 3,500 teachers, in addition to another 10,600 employees in various positions. The university provides 171 options for undergraduate courses in 62 higher education professions, with a total of over 45,000 students, of which 5,600 new professionals are trained annually by Unesp. About 10,000 students study in 118 postgraduate programs, with 117 academic masters, 6 professional masters and 93 academic doctorates. The academic year at Unesp follows a two semester schedule, with slight differences depending on the courses and programs chosen. The spring semester runs from August December and the fall semester from February June. In the recent decade Brazil has generally become more widely recognized as a good academic environment (developing alongside the rest of the countries economy). But with the economic crisis some universities in Brazil have struggled in the last years; the number of publications authored and co authored from UNESP however, has continually risen since 2012.

Admissions to Unesp are restricted by a state wide, general admissions exam, known as vestibular. For architecture, arts and design undergraduate courses, additional specific exams are required. Prepared by VUNESP, an institution specialized in exams organization, Unesp vestibular are held on three days, separated in two phases. The first phase consists of 90 questions in the following disciplines: philosophy, Portuguese, mathematics, chemistry, biology, geography, history, physics and English or Spanish. The second phase of exams, separated in two days, is made up of specific questions in Humane and Natural Sciences on the first day. The second day of the second phase consists of specific questions in Languages (Portuguese and English or Spanish) and a writing exam. A student can only apply for a single course in the São Paulo State University system, preventing a simultaneous application for e. g. History and Geography.

Unesp has 140 international exchange and cooperation agreements with institutions of higher education in 52 countries. The main exchange countries for Unesp are currently Argentina, Canada, China, France, Germany, Portugal, Spain, Russia, the United States and Scotland. To further support international students the university launched a program called "International Courses" in 2013. The program comprised four different areas initially: Agricultural Sciences, Alternative Energy, Dentistry and Literature and Linguistics. +Overview of partnering universitiesCountryName of partnering universityWebsiteGermanyGUniversity of Duisburg Essenwww. uni due. de

Research an Unesp is centrally organized by the Research Vice President's office (PROPe). The university currently has its main research focus in the areas of Bioenergy, Biotechnology, Climate Change, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, Pre Clinical and Clinical development, Public Policy, Sea Sciences and Stem Cell research.