Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service

Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (MBMS) is a point to multipoint interface specification for existing 3GPP cellular networks, which is designed to provide efficient delivery of broadcast and multicast services, both within a cell as well as within the core network. For broadcast transmission across multiple cells, it defines transmission via single frequency network configurations. The specification is referred to as Evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services (eMBMS) when transmissions are delivered through an LTE (Long Term Evolution) network. eMBMS is also known as LTE Broadcast. Target applications include mobile TV and radio broadcasting, live streaming video services, as well as file delivery and emergency alerts. Questions remain whether the technology is an optimization tool for the operator or if an operator can generate new revenues with it. Several studies have been published on the domain identifying both cost savings and new revenues.

In 2013, Verizon announced that it would launch eMBMS services in 2014, over its nationwide (United States) LTE networks. AT&T subsequently announced plans to use the 700 MHz Lower D and E Block licenses it acquired in 2011 from Qualcomm for an LTE Broadcast service. Several major operators worldwide have been lining up to deploy and test the technology. The frontrunners being Verizon in the United States, Kt and Reliance in Asia, and recently EE and Vodafone in Europe. In January 2014, Korea’s Kt launched the first commercial LTE Broadcast service. The solution includes Kt’s internally developed eMBMS Bearer Service, and Samsung mobile devices fitted with the ENENSYS Expway Middleware as the eMBMS User Service. In February 2014, Verizon demonstrated the potential of LTE Broadcast during Super Bowl XLVIII, using Samsung Galaxy Note 3s, fitted with ENENSYS Expway's eMBMS User Service. In July 2014, Nokia demonstrated the use of LTE Broadcast to replace Traditional Digital TV. This use case remains controversial as some study are doubting about the capability of LTE Broadcast to address this use case efficiently in its current version. Also in July 2014, BBC Research & Development and EE demonstrated LTE Broadcast during the XX Commonwealth Games in Glasgow, Scotland using equipment from Huawei and Qualcomm. In August 2014, Ericsson and Polkomtel successfully tested LTE Broadcast technology by streaming the opening game of the 2014 World Volleyball Championship to hundreds of guests at Warsaw’s National Stadium in Poland on August 30. In June 2015, BBC Research & Development and EE demonstrated LTE Broadcast during the FA Cup final in the U. K.

In September 2015, Verizon demonstrated eMBMS by broadcasting INDYCAR races. In October 2015, Verizon commercially launched their Go90 eMBMS service. Go90 offers both On Demand and LiveTV, in both Unicast and Broadcast, and supports more than 10 different LTE Broadcast mobile devices. Verizon ceased operating the go90 service on July 31, 2018. In February 2016, Akamai demonstrated with ENENSYS Expway, delivery of video streams across LTE networks with live on the fly switching from unicast to broadcast, at Mobile World Congress 2016. In April 2016, Verizon, Telstra, KT and EE launched the LTE Broadcast Alliance. As of January 2019, the Global Mobile Suppliers Association had identified 41 operators that have invested in eMBMS (including those considering/testing/trialling, deploying or piloting and those that have deployed or launched eMBMS). Five operators state they have now deployed eMBMS or launched some sort of commercial service using eMBMS. The range of chipsets available that can support eMBMS has been steadily growing, with three mobile processors/platforms released since March 2018. GSA has identified 69 chipsets supporting eMBMS, and there are at least 59 devices that support eMBMS (in some instances after operator specific upgrades).

Main competing technologies of MBMS include DVB H/DVB T, DVB SH, DMB, ESM DAB, and MediaFLO. However, due to spectrum scarcity and the cost of building new broadcast infrastructure some of these technologies may not be viable. MediaFLO has been deployed commercially in the US by Verizon Wireless through their relationship with MediaFLO USA, Inc. (a subsidiary of Qualcomm) however the service was shut down in early 2011. DMB and DVB H trials have been ongoing for more than a year now, like those during the football 2006 championships in Germany. Huawei's proprietary CMB is a precursor to the Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service. It was specified in 3GPP R6 and is using existing UMTS infrastructure. Huawei says that CMB is based on existing UMTS infrastructure and real time streaming application protocol. The most significant competition is from services that stream individual video feeds to users over uni cast data connections. While less efficient in certain situations, particularly the traditional case where everyone watches the same stream simultaneously, the user convenience of individual streaming has taken over the vast majority of the mobile media streaming market.