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Explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxygen gases

Oxyhydrogen is a mixture of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) gases. This gaseous mixture is used for torches to process refractory materials and was the first
gaseous mixture used for welding. Theoretically, a ratio of 2:1 hydrogen:oxygen is enough to achieve maximum efficiency; in practice a ratio 4:1 or 5:1 is needed to avoid an oxidizing flame. This mixture may also be referred to as Knallgas (Scandinavian and German Knallgas; ), although some authors define knallgas to be a generic term for the mixture of fuel with the precise amount of oxygen required for complete combustion, thus 2:1 oxyhydrogen would be called "hydrogen knallgas". "Brown's gas" and HHO are terms for oxyhydrogen originating in pseudoscience, although |x H2 + y O2 is preferred due to |HHO meaning |H2O.

Oxyhydrogen will combust when brought to its autoignition temperature. For the stoichiometric mixture in air, at normal atmospheric pressure, autoignition occurs at about 570 °C (1065 °F). When ignited, the gas mixture converts to water vapor and releases energy, which sustains the reaction: 241.8 kJ of energy (LHV) for every mole of |H2 burned. The amount of heat energy released is independent of the mode of combustion, but the temperature of the flame varies. The maximum temperature of about is achieved with an exact stoichiometric mixture, about hotter than a hydrogen flame in air. When either of the gases are mixed in excess of this ratio, or when mixed with an inert gas like nitrogen, the heat must spread throughout a greater quantity of matter and the flame temperature will be lower. It produced a flame hot enough to melt such refractory materials as platinum, porcelain, fire brick, and corundum, and was a valuable tool in several fields of science. It is used in the Verneuil process to produce synthetic corundum.

An oxyhydrogen torch (also known as hydrogen torch) is an oxy gas torch that burns hydrogen (the fuel) with oxygen (the oxidizer). It is used for cutting and welding metals, glasses, and thermoplastics. Due to competition from arc welding and other oxy fuel torches such as the acetylene fueled cutting torch, the oxyhydrogen torch is seldom used today, but it remains the preferred cutting tool in some niche applications. Oxyhydrogen was once used in working platinum, because at the time, only it could burn hot enough to melt the metal It is often called "Brown's gas" or "HHO gas", a term popularized by fringe physicist Ruggero Santilli, who claimed that his HHO gas, produced by a special apparatus, is "a new form of water", with new properties, based on his fringe theory of "magnecules". Additionally, the volume of gas that can be produced for on demand consumption through electrolysis is very small in comparison to the volume consumed by an internal combustion engine. An article in Popular Mechanics in 2008 reported that oxyhydrogen does not increase the fuel economy in automobiles. "Water fueled" cars should not be confused with hydrogen fueled cars, where the hydrogen is produced elsewhere and used as fuel or where it is used as fuel enhancement.