Цифрлық Әлем: Онлайн ақпарат желісінің тарихы

the internet portal

Digital Universe was a free online information service founded in 2006. The project aimed to create a "network of portals designed to provide high quality information and services to the public". Subject matter experts were to have been responsible for reviewing and approving content; contributors were to have been both experts (researchers, scholars, educators) and the public. The project was founded in 2005 by Joe Firmage, CEO of ManyOne, with Bernard Haisch as the president. It launched in early 2006. Larry Sanger was a director, and helped with the launch of the project's Encyclopedia of Earth. Sanger left in late 2006 to launch Citizendium. As of 2019, the website was nonfunctional.

In December 2005, when the project was announced, the founders' goal was to create a worldwide network of researchers, scholars, and educators, to become "the PBS of the Web." The public wiki, will be editable by members of the educated public. However, according to Sanger, only registered users who have provided their real names will be permitted to edit this wiki. Some of the 3 D graphical interface features will require the use of a Mozilla based browser developed by ManyOne Networks, which they say will be made available free of charge. Some content will be available only to ManyOne subscribers.

Around 2000 content pages existed as of August 2007. The Digital Universe claims the following featured portals: Earth, Energy, The Arctic, Texas Environment, U. S. Government, and Salton Sea. The Salton Sea portal for example contains the following pages: Hydrology, Biology, Limnology, Ecological Issues, Values, Geography, Alternatives, and Cultural History. The Earth portal is working on an Encyclopedia of Earth (EoE), which will focus on the natural environment and its interaction with society. It will limit editing privileges to experts, by attributing all edits to their authors, by changes being published publicly only after approval and by using an expert developed taxonomy for articles. The EoE runs MediaWiki wiki software. Unreliable source: date=April 2024 EoE is to use the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.5 for its license. Over 400 articles had been written by experts by January 2006. In May 2006 it was reported that the EoE was due to be launched in June 2006. A July 2006 article reported that the launch would be in fall 2006. As of May 2007, the EoE's International Advisory Board included Robert Costanza, Thomas Homer Dixon, Rajendra K. Pachauri and Frank Sherwood Rowland.

Principals of the Digital Universe project include Joe Firmage, USWeb founder; astrophysicist Bernard Haisch, president of the Digital Universe Foundation, and Larry Sanger. On 14 March 2006, the Digital Universe Foundation announced that Lawrence Lessig, Founder and Chairman of the Creative Commons Project, had joined the Digital Universe advisory board. In September 2006, Sanger announced that he had taken a "leave of absence" from Digital Universe "in order to set up a fully independent Citizendium Foundation".

In July 2006, the San Jose Mercury News reported that "Digital Universe, a non profit based in Scotts Valley, is part of a complicated three organization structure. ManyOne Networks is the for profit arm of the operation, backed with angel investors and private investor funding that is developing the Digital Universe software. Its profits are funneled to the ManyOne Foundation, set up in Canada for tax purposes and to give the project a less U. S. centric feel. Eventually, the foundation will acquire ManyOne Networks by buying out the investors at a fixed rate of return, Haisch said. The Digital Universe Foundation controls the content that is published online. It will issue grants to academics and researchers to produce work for the Web site. The plan is to create a self sustainable organization through a mix of grants and revenue from premium services, such as high resolution images and video and e mail, with prices ranging from $7.95 to $49.95." ManyOne Networks plans to offer premium services for $7.95 a month and to sell Internet access. The stewardship program and other Digital Universe activities are the responsibility of the non profit Digital Universe Foundation, headquartered in Scotts Valley, California.

In January 2006, the pilot version of Digital Universe was launched. This contained approximately 50 portals. Aaron Barlow, an associate professor at New York City College of Technology, wrote that "the problem with this, from a horizontal point of view, is that important work that really should be part of the education of the individual is moved to the "experts" who provide the gatekeeping. A neterate person should know how to negotiate the web for accurate information without need of a guide; providing guides may only prevent people from being fully able to manage the Web for themselves."