Мосс Лэндинг электр станциясының тарихы мен дамуы

Natural gas fired power station in Moss Landing, California
It is the site of a new battery storage power station for grid battery storage of over 567 MW / 2,270 MWh of power, potentially the world's largest when completed. A fire occurred on site in 2022 during construction, and PG&E and Tesla took corrective actions. The project still moved forward and Phase III was completed and went into operation in June 2023.

In 1949, Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) began construction on the Moss Landing Power Plant. Five natural gas and oil powered steam units were built during the 1950s. Commercial generation started in 1950 with a capacity of 613 MW. In 1964, the construction of two additional units began (6 and 7), with two new 500 feet (152 m) stacks. These two units had a capacity of 750 MW each for a total of 1500 MW, with 180 feet (55 m) tall boilers. They employed a newer technology using supercritical steam at
In 1995, the original five units were retired, and in 1997 PG&E let the permits lapse for these units. As part of the Deregulation of Utilities in California, PG&E sold the plant to Duke Energy (DENA) in 1998. To comply with more restrictive pollution regulations, units 6 and 7 were upgraded in 1998 with a selective catalytic reduction unit and digital control systems. Starting in 2000, the eight 225 feet (69 m) stacks and 19 fuel oil storage tanks were removed, and two new units were built on the former site. The new units 1 and 2 were brought online in 2002. They are combined cycle units, 50% more efficient than the other units, because they use two turbines: first, a pair of 170 MW gas turbines, then a 190 MW steam turbine, for a total of 530 MW each. When completed in 2002, the plant was the largest power plant in California by capacity, at 2560 MW. In 2006, having invested over half a billion dollars in upgraded capacity, efficiency and emission control, Duke Energy sold the plant to LS Power Equity Partners. Dynegy then purchased the plant in April 2007 along with other assets of LS partners. In 2015, a transmission tower collapsed at the power plant, causing a major Monterey County area power outage. On December 31, 2016, Dynegy retired supercritical steam units 6 and 7 as they were no longer economically competitive. However, Dynegy continues to maintain the permit on these units. In February 2017, independent power producer Dynegy, Inc. announced that it may close the gas plant, due to market conditions resulting from a glut of wholesale electricity capacity in California making it difficult to operate profitably. The glut in electricity capacity is partially a result of policies which guarantee utilities like PG&E (a regulated monopoly) a return on investment for building new power plants, even when they are not needed. Independent power producers like Dynegy, on the other hand, do not have a guaranteed return on their investment. Power production has dropped considerably, reducing taxes paid to Monterey County.

The plant has power lines that connect it to Path 15, and interconnections like Path 26 and Path 66 that allow power to flow to far away regions. The plant is also connected to local loads and the San Jose region by transmission lines.

Both the supercritical units and the combined cycle units use once through cooling. The supercritical units have a cooling requirement of per minute, and the combined cycle units a requirement of .

On June 29, 2018, Vistra Energy, which merged with Dynegy on April 9, 2018, announced that it will develop a 300 MW / 1,200 MWh energy storage system to be located at Moss Landing, using the existing turbine building and existing interconnection from units 6 and 7, connecting to the 500 kV grid. Vistra Energy expected the energy storage system to begin commercial operation by the end of 2020, pending receipt of approval from California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). This would be the largest lithium ion battery energy storage system in the world. The project began construction in December 2019, and Phase 1 began operating at the end of 2020. It is made of LG JH4 cells in TR1300 racks in two storeys in the old turbine hall. Phase 2 adding a further 100 MW / 400 MWh was completed in August 2021, bringing total capacity to 400 MW / 1,600 MWh. In September 2021, Phase 1 was shut down after a high temperature event caused by a leak in a liquid cooling hose, while Phase 2 kept operating. In February 2022, Phase 1 remained offline while Phase 2 also went offline after a sprinkler event. Most of the facility was back in operation as of July 2022. In 2023, construction of Phase 3 with another 350 MW / 1,400 MWh was underway to bring total capacity to 750 MW / 3,000 MWh, and commissioned in August 2023. An expansion to 1,500 MW / 6,000 MWh (also connecting to the 500 kV grid) was approved in August 2020, but not decided.

Utilities in California are required by a 2013 law to provide significant battery storage by 2024. Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E) asked the CPUC to approve four energy storage projects located at Moss Landing including another large lithium ion battery storage system of 182.5 MW / 730 MWh ("Elkhorn") to be provided by Tesla and owned and operated by PG&E, connecting to the regional 115 kV grid. The project is designed to improve energy reliability and to allow for more renewable energy sources to be used at the Moss Landing site The project also aims to save costs by reducing PG&E's reliance on peaker power plants that come online during periods of increased demand. On July 3, 2019, in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act, the County of Monterey Resource Management Agency published a Mitigated Negative Declaration, detailing actions that must be taken to mitigate potential environmental impacts of the project. The project was subsequently opened to public submissions on its environmental impact. California Unions for Reliable Energy argued that the County of Monterey failed to meet the standards of the California Environmental Quality Act when performing its environmental assessment. In February 2020, the Monterey County Planning Commission unanimously approved the project, which was initially scheduled to start construction in late March However, the COVID 19 pandemic in California and subsequent stay at home order forced the project to be delayed. Construction began in July 2020, commissioned in April 2022, and inaugurated in June 2022.