Хлорфторметан: Қасиеттері, Озон қабатына әсері және Монреаль протоколы

Chlorotrifluoromethane, R 13, CFC 13, or Freon 13, is a non flammable, non corrosive, nontoxic chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and also a mixed halomethane. It is a man made substance used primarily as a refrigerant. When released into the environment, CFC 13 has a high ozone depletion potential, and long atmospheric lifetime. Only a few other greenhouse gases surpass CFC 13 in global warming potential (GWP). It can be prepared by reacting carbon tetrachloride with hydrogen fluoride in the presence of a catalytic amount of antimony pentachloride:

CCl4 + 3HF → CClF3 + 3HCl

This reaction can also produce trichlorofluoromethane (CCl3F), dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl2F2) and tetrafluoromethane (CF4).

Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 Montreal Protocolin response to concerns about the role of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in ozone layer depletion in the stratospherea process was put into place to gradually phase out and replace CFC 13 and all the other CFCs. Research in the 1980s said that these man made CFC compound compounds had opened a hole in ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere that protects life on earth from UV radiation. CFC 13's radiative efficiency is high which results in a high global warming potential (GWPs) of 13 900 GWP 100 yr that is "surpassed by very few other greenhouse gases." It is categorized as a Class I in the list of ozone depleting Substances. Contrary to the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric emissions of CFC 13 and four other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), increased between 2010 and 2020. As of 2023, the drivers behind the increase in CFC 13 and CFC 112a emissions were not certain. Property Value Density (ρ) at 127.8 °C (liquid) 1.603 g⋅cm−3 Density (ρ) at boiling point (gas) 6.94 kg⋅m−3 Density (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) 4.41 g⋅cm−3 Triple point temperature (Tt) Critical temperature (Tc) 28.8 °C (302 K) Critical pressure (pc) 3.86 MPa (38.6 bar) Critical density (ρc) 5.5 mol⋅L−1 Latent heat of vaporization at boiling point 149.85 kJ⋅kg−1 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) at 34.4 °C 0.06 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Specific heat capacity at constant volume (CV) at 34.4 °C 0.051 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Heat capacity ratio (к) at 34.4 °C 1.168016 Compressibility Factor (Z) at 15 °C 0.9896 Acentric factor (ω) 0.17166 Viscosity (η) at 0 °C (gas) 13.3 mPa⋅s (0.0133 cP) Viscosity (η) at 25 °C (gas) 14.1 mPa⋅s (0.01440 cP) Ozone depletion potential (ODP) 1 (CO2 = 1) Atmospheric lifetime 640 years

Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 Montreal Protocolin response to concerns about the role of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in ozone layer depletion in the stratospherea process was put into place to gradually phase out and replace CFC 13 and all the other CFCs. Research in the 1980s said that these man made CFC compound compounds had opened a hole in ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere that protects life on earth from UV radiation. CFC 13's radiative efficiency is high which results in a high global warming potential (GWPs) of 13 900 GWP 100 yr that is "surpassed by very few other greenhouse gases." It is categorized as a Class I in the list of ozone depleting Substances. Contrary to the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric emissions of CFC 13 and four other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), increased between 2010 and 2020. As of 2023, the drivers behind the increase in CFC 13 and CFC 112a emissions were not certain. Property Value Density (ρ) at 127.8 °C (liquid) 1.603 g⋅cm−3 Density (ρ) at boiling point (gas) 6.94 kg⋅m−3 Density (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) 4.41 g⋅cm−3 Triple point temperature (Tt) Critical temperature (Tc) 28.8 °C (302 K) Critical pressure (pc) 3.86 MPa (38.6 bar) Critical density (ρc) 5.5 mol⋅L−1 Latent heat of vaporization at boiling point 149.85 kJ⋅kg−1 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) at 34.4 °C 0.06 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Specific heat capacity at constant volume (CV) at 34.4 °C 0.051 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Heat capacity ratio (к) at 34.4 °C 1.168016 Compressibility Factor (Z) at 15 °C 0.9896 Acentric factor (ω) 0.17166 Viscosity (η) at 0 °C (gas) 13.3 mPa⋅s (0.0133 cP) Viscosity (η) at 25 °C (gas) 14.1 mPa⋅s (0.01440 cP) Ozone depletion potential (ODP) 1 (CO2 = 1) Atmospheric lifetime 640 years

Following the unanimous ratification of the 1987 Montreal Protocolin response to concerns about the role of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in ozone layer depletion in the stratospherea process was put into place to gradually phase out and replace CFC 13 and all the other CFCs. Research in the 1980s said that these man made CFC compound compounds had opened a hole in ozone layer in the upper atmosphere or stratosphere that protects life on earth from UV radiation. CFC 13's radiative efficiency is high which results in a high global warming potential (GWPs) of 13 900 GWP 100 yr that is "surpassed by very few other greenhouse gases." It is categorized as a Class I in the list of ozone depleting Substances. Contrary to the Montreal Protocol, the atmospheric emissions of CFC 13 and four other chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), increased between 2010 and 2020. As of 2023, the drivers behind the increase in CFC 13 and CFC 112a emissions were not certain. Property Value Density (ρ) at 127.8 °C (liquid) 1.603 g⋅cm−3 Density (ρ) at boiling point (gas) 6.94 kg⋅m−3 Density (ρ) at 15 °C (gas) 4.41 g⋅cm−3 Triple point temperature (Tt) Critical temperature (Tc) 28.8 °C (302 K) Critical pressure (pc) 3.86 MPa (38.6 bar) Critical density (ρc) 5.5 mol⋅L−1 Latent heat of vaporization at boiling point 149.85 kJ⋅kg−1 Specific heat capacity at constant pressure (Cp) at 34.4 °C 0.06 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Specific heat capacity at constant volume (CV) at 34.4 °C 0.051 kJ⋅mol−1⋅K−1 Heat capacity ratio (к) at 34.4 °C 1.168016 Compressibility Factor (Z) at 15 °C 0.9896 Acentric factor (ω) 0.17166 Viscosity (η) at 0 °C (gas) 13.3 mPa⋅s (0.0133 cP) Viscosity (η) at 25 °C (gas) 14.1 mPa⋅s (0.01440 cP) Ozone depletion potential (ODP) 1 (CO2 = 1) Atmospheric lifetime 640 years