Жоғарғы Тағайындау Кеңесі: Нью-Йорк тарихындағы билік пен тағайындамалар жүйесі

The Council of Appointment (sometimes also Council of Appointments) was a body of the Government of New York that existed from 1777 to 1822.

Under the New York Constitution of 1777, the Council of Appointment consisted of the Governor of New York, who was ex officio president of this council but had only a casting vote, and four members of the New York State Senate, one each from the state's senatorial electoral districts. These state senators were elected for a one year term by the New York State Assembly and could not be re elected for the following term. The Council had the power to appoint all state, county and municipal officials within the state of New York for which no other means of appointment or election was provided for in the State Constitution. The offices filled by the Council included the State Comptroller, the Secretary of State, the Attorney General, the Surveyor General, the Chancellor, the justices of the New York Supreme Court, sheriffs, district attorneys, judges, surrogates, city and county clerks, mayors (including the Mayor of New York City), all military officers and many others. The Council of Appointment had its origins in the fear of too much popular influence in the government. The first New York Constitution was aristocratic and elitist in spirit. As long as the governor alone nominated appointees, he had as much power over the state's patronage as a medieval king. On the other side, during the long tenure of Governor George Clinton, very rarely an office holder was removed, and the Council only filled vacancies as they occurred by resignation, death, declination of re appointment, or term limit. Troubles, however, arose after the Federalist Party and the Democratic Republican Party appeared, and began to alternate as majority in the Assembly. Because of the lack of clarity in the 1777 New York Constitution, the parties struggled over who, exactly, held the power to make nominations and appointments. The constitution stated that the governor would have the "casting voice, but no other vote; and with the advice and consent of the said council " The custom arose that the governor made the nominations, and the Council approved, or rejected, them. But when the legislature had a majority of the opposition, they would elect three or four senators and outvote the governor. Governor John Jay, who had drafted the Constitution, asserted that the Council could not propose appointees, only vote for or against the governor's nominees. So when the Council voted down all of his nominees, in his opinion, nobody could be appointed. The question was settled at the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1801, which amended the Constitution, giving the right of nomination to the governor and each one of the Council members concurrently. This led to an annual scramble for office, especially if the majority in the Assembly changed. Alexander Hamilton criticized the Council in his Federalist No. 77. The council was abolished by the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1821 and ceased to exist at the end of the year 1822, at which time more than 15,000 offices had been under its control. Under the Constitution of 1821, the State cabinet officers and Supreme Court justices were elected by the State Legislature, and most of the county and local officers were elected in local popular or legislative elections. The governor continued to appoint only a very small number of officers and had the right to make recess appointments.

Southern D. Middle D. Eastern D. Western D. Elected onJohn Morin ScottJesse WoodhullAlexander WebsterAbraham Yates Jr. September 16, 1777Jonathan LawrenceZephaniah PlattEbenezer RussellDirck Wessel Ten BroeckOctober 17, 1778Isaac RooseveltLevi PawlingAlexander WebsterRinier MynderseSeptember 11, 1779 Stephen WardEphraim Paine Ebenezer Russell Abraham Ten BroeckSeptember 11, 1780Arthur ParksMarch 23, 1781Isaac StoutenburghZephaniah PlattAlexander WebsterHenry OothoudtOctober 25, 1781Jonathan LawrenceJohn HaringElkanah DayWilliam B. WhitingJuly 22, 1782Ezra L'HommedieuJacobus SwartwoutAlexander WebsterAbraham Yates Jr. January 21, 1784Isaac RooseveltJoseph GasherieEbenezer RussellWilliam B. WhitingOctober 19, 1784Lewis MorrisJacobus SwartwoutDavid HopkinsPhilip SchuylerJanuary 19, 1786William FloydJohn HathornEbenezer RussellPeter SchuylerJanuary 18, 1787 John Vanderbilt Anthony Hoffman David Hopkins Philip SchuylerJanuary 18, 1788 Samuel Townsend John Hathorn John Williams Peter Van NessJanuary 2, 1789 Philip Livingston John Cantine Edward Savage Philip SchuylerJanuary 15, 1790 Isaac Roosevelt Thomas Tillotson Alexander Webster Peter SchuylerJanuary 14, 1791 Philip Van Cortlandt David Pye William Powers Stephen Van RensselaerJanuary 14, 1792 David Gelston Joseph Hasbrouck Robert Woodworth John FreyJanuary 14, 1793 Selah Strong Reuben Hopkins Zina Hitchcock Philip SchuylerJanuary 7, 1794 Richard Hatfield Joseph Hasbrouck William Powers Jacobus Van SchoonhovenJanuary 6, 1795 Joshua Sands Abraham Schenck Ebenezer Russell Michael MyersJanuary 7, 1796 Andrew Onderdonk Ambrose Spencer Leonard Gansevoort Thomas MorrisJanuary 9, 1797 Ezra L'Hommedieu William Thompson Moses Vail Joseph WhiteJanuary 8, 1798 William Denning Ebenezer Foote Ebenezer Clark John FreyJanuary 4, 1799 Samuel Haight Robert Sands James Gordon Thomas R. GoldJanuary 28, 1800 DeWitt Clinton Ambrose Spencer John Sanders Robert RoseboomNovember 7, 1800 Benjamin Huntting James W. Wilkin Edward Savage Lemuel ChipmanJanuary 30, 1802 Ebenezer Purdy John C. Hogeboom Jacobus Van Schoonhoven Jacob SnellFebruary 8, 1803 John Broome Abraham Adriance Thomas Tredwell Caleb HydeFebruary 7, 1804 John Schenck Joshua H. Brett Stephen Thorn Jedediah PeckJanuary 29, 1805 DeWitt Clinton Robert Johnson Adam Comstock Henry HuntingtonJanuary 31, 1806 Thomas Thomas James Burt Edward Savage John NicholasJanuary 29, 1807 Benjamin Coe Peter C. Adams John Veeder Nathan SmithJanuary 29, 1808 Jonathan Ward James G. Graham Isaac Kellogg Alexander ReaJanuary 27, 1809 Israel Carll Robert Williams Daniel Paris Amos HallJanuary 31, 1810 Benjamin Coe James W. Wilkin John McLean Philetus SwiftJanuary 30, 1811 William W. Gilbert Johannes Bruyn Henry Yates Jr. Francis A. BloodgoodFebruary 1, 1812 Peter W. Radcliff James W. Wilkin John Stearns Jonas PlattJanuary 12, 1813 Elbert H. Jones Morgan Lewis Samuel Stewart Henry A. TownsendJanuary 25, 1814 Jonathan Dayton Lucas Elmendorf Ruggles Hubbard Farrand StranahanFebruary 1, 1815 Darius Crosby William Ross Perley Keyes Archibald S. ClarkeFebruary 5, 1816 Walter Bowne John Noyes John J. Prendergast Henry BloomFebruary 2, 1817 Peter R. Livingston Jabez D. Hammond Henry Yates Jr. Henry SeymourJanuary 31, 1818 Stephen Barnum William Ross George Rosecrantz Stephen BatesFebruary 3, 1819 John D. Ditmis John Lounsbery Levi Adams Ephraim HartJanuary 11, 1820 Walter Bowne John T. More Roger Skinner David E. EvansNovember 8, 1820 John Townsend Charles E. Dudley Benjamin Mooers Perry G. ChildsJanuary 10, 1822