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The AMPRNet (AMateur Packet Radio Network) or Network 44 is used in amateur radio for packet radio and digital communications between computer networks managed by amateur radio operators. Like other amateur radio frequency allocations, an IP range of was provided in 1981 for Amateur Radio Digital Communications (a generic term) and self administered by radio amateurs. In 2001, undocumented and dual use of as a network telescope began,
Discussion on digital communication amateur radio modes, using the Internet protocol suite and IPv4 addresses followed subsequently. By 1988, one thousand assignments of address space had been made. as of 2009 approximately 1% of inbound traffic volume to the network was legitimate radio amateur traffic that could be routed onwards, with the remaining 2‒100 gigabyte per day of Internet background noise being diverted and logged by the University of California San Diego (UCSD) internet telescope for research purposes. By 2016, the European based High speed Amateur radio Multimedia NETwork (HAMNET) offered a multi megabit Internet Protocol network with 4,000 nodes, covering central Europe.

The use of the Internet protocols TCP/IP on amateur (ham) radio occurred early in Internet history, preceding the public Internet by over a decade. In 1981, Hank Magnuski obtained the class A netblock of 16.7 million IP addresses for amateur radio users worldwide. The initial name used by Jon Postel in was the "Amateur Radio Experiment Net". Originally the amateur link layer protocol AX.25 carried several competing higher level protocols, with TCP/IP a minority due to the complexity of the configuration and the high protocol overhead. Very few systems operated over HF for this reason. One approach for 1,200/9,600 baud VHF/UHF operation emerged as TCP/IP over ROSE (Radio Amateur Telecommunications Society "RATS" Open Systems Environment, based on X.25 CCITT standard). Within just a few years the public Internet made these solutions obsolete. The ROSE system today is maintained by the Open Source FPAC Linux project. The AMPRNet is connected by wireless links and Internet tunnels. Due to the bandwidth limitations of the radio spectrum, 300 bit/s is normally used on HF, while VHF and UHF links are usually 1,200 bit/s to 9,600 bit/s. Mass produced Wi Fi access points equipment on 2.4 GHz and 5 [[Gigahertz is now being used on nearby amateur frequencies to provide much faster links as HSMM or hinternet. Since it is based on IP, the AMPRNet supports the same transport and application protocols as the rest of the Internet, though there are regulatory restrictions on encryption and third party traffic. The AMPRNet is composed of a series of subnets throughout the world. Portions of the network have point to point radio links to adjacent nodes, while others are completely isolated. Geographically dispersed radio subnets can be connected using an IP tunnel between sites with Internet connectivity. Many of these sites also have a tunnel to a central router, which routes between the and the rest of the Internet using static routing tables updated by volunteers. as of 2011 experimentation had moved beyond these centrally controlled static solutions, to dynamic configurations provided by Peer to Peer VPN systems such as n2n, and ZeroTier.

The allocation plan agreed in late 1986 reserved half of the address space ( or ~8 million addresses) for use within United States territory and (, the remaining ~8 million addresses) for the rest of the world. After the sale of in 2019, the remaining Internet protocol (IP) addresses are the for USA subnets and subnet for the rest of the world, available to any licensed amateur radio operator. The IP address management and assigning of addresses is done by volunteer coordinators with the proviso "we do not provide the same level of response as a commercial organisation." These addresses can possibly be made routable over the Internet if fully coordinated with the volunteer administrators. Radio amateurs wanting to request IP addresses within the AMPRNet should visit the AMPRNet Portal.

Since the 1990s most packets within the range were arranged to transit via an IP tunnel using IP in IP encapsulation to/from a router hosted at the University of California, San Diego. and later gw. ampr. org

By 1996 higher speed 56k modems briefly had greater throughput than was possible to forward via the "mirrorshades" central reflector router and back again. Only IP addresses with an active Domain Name System (DNS) entry under ampr. org are passed by the packet filter for forwarding. By 19 August 1999 daily encapsulated IP in IP traffic was ~100 kilobits per second, peaking to 0.14 megabits per second. During mid 2000, the majority of unique IP addresses seen on the University of California, San Diego connection from CERFnet began with the prefix, except for 17% of IP addresses which did not. In mid 2009 the mirrorshades server was upgraded and replaced after about ~1,100 days uptime. A funding proposal in 2010 raised the possibility that "The legitimate traffic is also a potential research resource". was being advertised via the border gateway protocol (BGP) as a passive honeypot for Internet background noise and backscatter collection, based in the Center for Applied Internet Data Analysisgroup="caida"|Both "Cooperative Association for Internet Data Analysis" (CAIDA) and "Center for Applied Internet Data Analysis" (CAIDA) appear in academic texts. at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. On 15 July 2001 the network monitoring of traffic recorded the spread of the Code Red II worm. Prior to July 2001, the project had been logging unsolicited TCP SYN packets destined for IP addresses within ; and after 19 July 2001 full incoming IP header logging took place. The IP address block was stated to have "high value to research". Capture data for August 2001, using data compression and retaining only IP headers was 0.5 gigabyte per hour. In 2002 the block was 0.4% of all internet IPv4 address space. By September 2003, traffic was 0.75 terabytes per month and costing $2,500 per month for bandwidth. In April 2009 the upstream rate limiting was removed, increasing the number of packets reaching the network telescope. totalling 37 terabytes per month. Support was supplied by Cisco Systems under a University Research Board (URB) grant. The project was funded by an Advanced Networking Infrastructure and Research (ANIR) award, from the National Science Foundation (NSF); the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS); and Network Modeling & Simulation (NMS) / Next Generation Internet Program (NGI) of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). By July 2018, the replacement 10 Gigabit Ethernet infrastructure, using an optical splitter and Endace capture card, was operational.

Paul Vixie stated after the sale of IP address space that "ampr. org can make better use of money than IP space in fulfilling its nonprofit mission, at this stage of the game." Doug Barton, a former manager of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, said the "reaction that we're seeing now is 100% predictable that doesn't change anything about my opinion that the sale itself was totally reasonable, done by reasonable people, and in keeping with the concept of being good stewards of the space.

An Amateur Radio Digital Communications committee was formed to offer advice on digital standards to the American Radio Relay League (ARRL) board of directors, following a meeting in 1981. The original working name was the "ARRL Ad Hoc Committee on Digital Communication", abbreviated to "digital committee". During the mid 1980s, the committee had been meeting twice per year: during the middle of the year, and again at the annual Computer Networking conference. In September 1987, the committee recommended the list of frequencies that would be used in North America for packet radio and digital communications. In January 1988, the committee held a meeting to standardise AX.25 version 3. In March 1988, the "Packet Radio Frequency Recommendations" were published by the committee. During early 1993 the committee and ARRL board of directors were working on guidelines for semi automatic digital stations, with the proposals passed to the Federal Communications Commission.

In May 2021, ARDC provided a one off grant of $1.6 million to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology amateur radio club (W1MX) to save and rebuild the radome on top of the MIT Green Building (building 54). In November 2021, ARDC awarded a five year grant, for a total of $1.3 million, to support US based activities around Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS USA).

In January 2022, the Internet Archive received a grant of $0.9 million for assembling a Digital Library of Amateur Radio and Communications (DLARC). Internet Archive began the project in earnest in September 2022, and began seeking contributions of material in October. By November, 2022 the library had grown to 25,000 items. In January 2023 the library held over 51,000 items including more than 3,300 books and magazines available via controlled digital lending.