Үндістан автоөнеркәсібінің даму тарихы мен жағдайы

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The automotive industry in India is the world's fourth largest by production and valuation as per 2022 statistics. As of 2023, India is the 3rd largest automobile market in the world in terms of sales. as of 2022, India's auto industry is worth more than US$100 billion and accounts for 8% of the country's total exports and 7.1% of India's GDP. According to the 2021 National Family Health Survey, barely 8% of Indian households own an automobile. According to government statistics, India has barely 22 automobiles per 1,000 people. India's major automobile manufacturing companies include Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motor India, Tata Motors, Ashok Leyland, Mahindra & Mahindra, Force Motors, Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited, Eicher Motors, Royal Enfield, Sonalika Tractors, Hindustan Motors, Hradyesh, ICML, Kerala Automobiles Limited, Reva, JSW MG Motor India, Premier, Tara International and Vehicle Factory Jabalpur.

The beginning of the 1970s didn't see growth potential; and most of the collaboration license agreements came to an end, but with the option to continue manufacturing with renewed branding. Cars were still meant for the elite and Jeeps, now owned by American Motors Corporation, were largely used by government organizations and in some rural regions. By the end of the decade, some developments were made in commercial vehicle segments to facilitate the movement of goods. The two wheeler segment remained unchanged except for increased sales to the middle class in urban areas. There was an emphasis on having more farm tractors, as India was embarking on a new Green Revolution; and Russian and Eastern bloc imports were brought in to meet the demand. But after 1970, with restrictions on the import of vehicles set, the automotive industry started to grow; but the growth was mainly driven by tractors, commercial vehicles, and scooters. Cars still remained a major luxury item. In the 1970s, price controls were finally lifted, inserting a competitive element into the automobile market. However, by the 1980s, the automobile market was still dominated by Hindustan and Premier, who sold superannuated products in fairly limited numbers. The rate of car ownership in 1981 was about one in every thousand citizens – understandable when the annual road tax alone cost about half the average income of an Indian at the time. During the eighties, a few competitors began to arrive on the scene. Of the 30,487 cars built in India in 1980, all but six came from the two main players Hindustan and Premier: Standard had led a shadow existence in the latter half of the 1970s, producing only a handful of cars to keep their license active.

Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiary markets and neighbouring countries began early, and in 1987 Maruti Suzuki shipped 480 cars to Europe (Hungary). After some growth in the mid nineties, exports once again began to drop as the outmoded platforms provided to Indian manufacturers by multinationals were not competitive. This was not to last, and today India manufactures low priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013, global brands such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group, Kia, Mazda, Chrysler, Dodge and Geely Holding Group were shelving plans for India due to the competitiveness of the market, as well as the global economic crisis.

In 2000, in line with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled standards titled "India 2000", with later, upgraded guidelines to be known as Bharat Stage emission standards. These standards are quite similar to the stringent European emission standards and have been implemented in a phased manner. Bharat Stage IV (BS IV) was first implemented in 13 cities — Agra, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi (NCR), Kanpur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Pune, Surat, Solapur — in April 2010, and then in the rest of the nation in April 2017. In 2019, in line with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government of India announced the introduction of BS VI norms to control air pollution, taking effect from 1 April 2020.

India levies an import tax of 125% on foreign imported cars, while the import tax on components such as gearboxes, airbags, drive axles is 10%. The taxes are intended to encourage cars to be assembled in India rather than be imported as completely built units.

In 2006, the government of India imposed a new tax structure, which massively impacted the segment. It enables vehicles shorter than to qualify for a significantly lower excise duty, which is 8 percent as opposed to 20 percent for longer vehicles. Tata Motors was the first to exploit the new tax structure, which redesigned the rear portion of the Indigo sedan, dropping its length to and renamed it as the Indigo CS. The model became significantly cheaper, becoming one of the largest selling three box cars in the country. Other manufacturers quickly adapted, which led to the release of the shorter Suzuki Swift Dzire, the Honda Brio Amaze, and others.

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is evenly divided into three "clusters". In the year 2010,around Chennai was the largest, with a 35% revenue share, accounting for 60% of the country's automotive exports, and home of the operations of Heavy Vehicles Factory, Engine Factory Avadi, Ford, Hyundai, Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini, Citroën and Datsun. Near Mumbai, Maharashtra, along the Chakan corridor near Pune, is the western cluster, with a 33% share of the market. Audi, Volkswagen, and Škoda are located in Aurangabad. Mahindra and Mahindra has an SUV and engine assembly plant at Nashik. General Motors, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar, Fiat, and Force Motors have assembly plants in the area. The northern cluster is around the National Capital Region, and contributes 30%. Gurgaon, Manesar and Kharkhoda in Haryana, are where the country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based. An emerging cluster is the state of Gujarat, with a manufacturing facility of MG Motors in Halol, Atul Auto in Rajkot, Ford, Oculus Auto in Sabarkantha, Maruti Suzuki, and Peugeot Citroën plants are also planned for Gujarat. Uttarakhand with Tata Motors, Telangana with Hyundai, Ordnance Factory Medak, Hyderabad Allwyn and Mahindra & Mahindra, Noida with Honda, and Bengaluru Karnataka region with Toyota, Volvo and Scania, Andhra with Isuzu and Kia and Kolkata Jamshedpur belt also known as East India belt with companies such as Hindustan Motors, Heavy Engineering Corporation, Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery, TIL Tractos, Tata Daewoo and Tata Motors are other automotive manufacturing regions around the country.

India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5 billion in 2009, with the United Kingdom being India's largest export market, followed by Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and South Africa. According to The New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in the manufacturing of low cost, fuel efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai, Nissan, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Maruti Suzuki. In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors planned to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similarly, US automobile company, General Motors had announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011. In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars, for US$500 million. The cars were manufactured both for the Indian market and for export. The company said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business. Fiat Motors had announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India. In 2009, India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand (0.26m). In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citroën was planning to re enter the Indian market and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing €700M in the operation. Citroën entered the market in 2021 with their first offering being the Citroën C5 Aircross. In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars. Maruti Suzuki andHyundai are the two biggest exporters of cars from the country. Nissan also exports small cars from its Indian assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passenger vehicles to several Asian and African markets. In the 2000s, Mahindra & Mahindra prepared to introduce its pickup trucks and small SUV models in the U. S. market, but canceled its plans. As of 2019, it is assembling and selling an off road vehicle (Mahindra Roxor; not certified for road use) in limited numbers in the U. S. It is also sold in Canada. While the possibilities for the Indian automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy weakens.

India exported $14.5 billion worth of automobiles in 2014. The 10 countries below imported 47.8% of that total. RankCountryValue (US$)Share1United States1.2 billion8.4%2Mexico$1 billion6.9%3South Africa$888.8 million 6.1%4United Kingdom$637.4 million4.4%5Sri Lanka$596.9 million4.1%6Bangladesh$592.1 million 4.1%7Turkey$580.4 million4%8Nigeria$546.8 million3.8%9United Arab Emirates$433.6 million3%10Colombia$428.9 million3%
Exports of Vehicles in India decreased to US$1478.68 Million in 2020 from US$11332.49 Million in 2019. +India Exports by CountryLastPreviousUnited States485.03469.28INR BillionNov/22United Arab Emirates211.45179.69INR BillionNov/22Netherlands146.98118.23INR BillionNov/22Israel122.5544.07INR BillionNov/22Brazil91.3072.88INR BillionNov/22China86.5783.21INR BillionNov/22Germany66.8463.42INR BillionNov/22Saudi Arabia60.3866.42INR BillionNov/22Indonesia58.8951.32INR BillionNov/22Singapore55.6363.31INR BillionNov/22Hong Kong51.4062.34INR BillionNov/22Belgium51.0553.36INR BillionNov/22Nepal50.6936.95INR BillionNov/22Italy49.2945.34INR BillionNov/22France45.7841.27INR BillionNov/22South Africa43.8347.85INR BillionNov/22Malaysia40.1542.70INR BillionNov/22Japan37.2133.27INR BillionNov/22Australia34.6444.76INR BillionNov/22Nigeria33.1638.53INR BillionNov/22Thailand32.5737.15INR BillionNov/22Sri Lanka27.9535.21INR BillionNov/22Canada26.5022.95INR BillionNov/22Spain25.9730.04INR BillionNov/22Russia24.7223.06INR BillionNov/22Egypt22.9420.94INR BillionNov/22Kenya20.1011.64INR BillionNov/22Iraq16.6415.62INR BillionNov/22Taiwan13.5815.32INR BillionNov/22Philippines12.8013.78INR BillionNov/22Portugal9.584.35INR BillionNov/22Switzerland8.8212.34INR BillionNov/22Iran8.336.05INR BillionNov/22Denmark6.034.59INR BillionNov/22Sweden5.605.49INR BillionNov/22Ireland4.263.12INR BillionNov/22Greece3.913.65INR BillionNov/22Pakistan3.703.20INR BillionNov/22New Zealand2.812.85INR BillionNov/22Finland2.782.45INR BillionNov/22Luxembourg0.240.25INR BillionNov/22

India is the 4th largest passenger vehicle producer in the world. In 2018–19, it produced 4.06 million cars. Currently, there are an estimated 30 million cars in India. This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India.

MG, Hyundai, Renault, Nissan, Citroën, Jeep, Honda, Toyota, KIA, Volkswagen, Škoda, Audi, Mercedes Benz, BMW and MINI are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market their products in India.

During April 2012, the Indian government planned to unveil the road map for the development of domestic electric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country. A discussion between the various stakeholders, including Government, industry, and academia, was expected to take place during 23–24 February. New & Renewable Energy started electric scooters manufacturing and are ready to launch their two models of scooters by the end of December 2018. Electric cars are seen as economical long term investments, as one doesn't need to purchase gas, but needs only to recharge the battery, using renewable energy sources. According to the United States Department of Energy, electric cars produce half as much emissions as compared to a gas powered car. According to The Economic Times, 60% of Indian customers expect fuel prices to go up in the next 12 months and 58% expect to buy a new car in the same time frame. Most consumers are looking to buy a car which gives good mileage. According to the same source, 68% of Asian drivers expect higher mileage from their cars due to the higher fuel prices. This has encouraged 38% of Indian automobile consumers to switch to electric or hybrid cars. Due to this change in the market, many companies, such as Toyota, have planned to introduce electric vehicles in India; and Suzuki has tested almost 50 electric prototypes in India already, according to Mashable. In 2019, Hyundai launched India's first electric car, the Kona Electric .

Automotive sector is part of 13 sectors that GoI has introduced Rs 1.97 lakh cr (US$28 b) performance linked incentives (PLI) schemes for five years in 2021 22 budget. Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers welcomed this as it will enhance the competitiveness and boost growth.