MythBusters (2006 season)

The cast of the television series MythBusters perform experiments to verify or debunk urban legends, old wives' tales, and the like. This is a list of the various myths tested on the show, as well as the results of the experiments (the myth is busted, plausible, or confirmed).

Fire can be started
Myth statement Status Notes using the friction caused by rubbing two sticks together. Confirmed While the Build Team—in their own words—cheated and used a drill and some gunpowder, with a stick in place of a drillbit, the friction from the drill did light the tinder on fire. This myth was tested legitimately in the 2012 season's "Duct Tape Island" with a bamboo bow drill and duct tape string. using a bullet. Confirmed Earlier tests using modern weaponry (and smokeless powder) were unproductive. Tory then modified an old musket and replaced the bullet with a piece of cloth. When the gun was fired, the black powder ignited the cloth, which then ignited the tinder into which it was shot. using a soda can bottom polished with chocolate. Confirmed Chocolate was used to buff out the wear marks and ink marking and give the can bottom a reflective shine that could focus light and produce heat. While the can was not able to light tinder that was held by hand, the rig easily lit when the tinder was secured on a makeshift rig that kept it from moving. using steel wool and the ends of a battery. Confirmed It took several tries, but the ends of the battery eventually heated the steel wool (through electric resistance) enough to light it on fire. A clip from a survivalist TV show with Ron Hood also showed this myth to be confirmed. This is also a requirement for the American Boy Scout Wilderness Survival merit badge. using ice. Confirmed Kari used a globe of specially produced clear ice about half the size of a bowling ball to produce smoke and later fire when she used it as a refractive lens.

Adam and Jamie took on a myth prevalent around football circles, made more prevalent during the time of prolific punter Ray Guy, whose kicks carried so much distance and had so much hangtime, some had suspected the footballs he used were filled with helium. Myth statement Status Notes A regulation NFL football will fly farther when filled with helium as opposed to compressed air at regulation pressure Busted Under the same amount of impulse under the same atmospheric conditions, balls filled with helium showed no significant difference from balls filled with compressed air. Under the same impulse, both types of balls had the same initial velocity; since the helium filled balls have a lower mass than the air filled ones, the helium filled balls have less inertia in flight. In fact, they may perform worse than air filled balls over larger distances.

The Build Team takes on the bullet catch magic trick and sees whether it is possible to do the trick for real. Myth statement Status Notes It is possible to catch a fired bullet in one piece with one's teeth. Busted A pig's teeth are significantly stronger than a human's, and yet they were shattered by an impulse test when a bullet, held by a pig head's teeth under the same pressure as an average human's maximum bite strength, was suddenly forced forward by a force equivalent to a speeding bullet. Furthermore, the reaction time needed to perfectly capture a bullet in one's teeth is too short and has too tight a tolerance for any human to succeed. Finally, when the bullet was captured perfectly, the velocity at which it traveled completely destroyed even a full metal jacket bullet. It is impossible to catch a bullet in the same state as it exited a gun, by solid mechanical means.

The Build Team took on a piece of American folklore regarding Benjamin Franklin's discovery of lightning as electricity. The folklore description is not historically accurate (as mentioned by the Build Team), although it is a popular misconception. Myth statement Status Notes When Benjamin Franklin showed lightning to be electricity by flying a kite during a thunderstorm, could he have survived the shock? Busted and confirmed The experiment itself worked perfectly as described, but the current produced by artificial lightning (which is a fraction of what a real lightning bolt would contain) was fatal. Based on this observation, the Build Team concluded Franklin could not possibly have survived a direct hit as the popular story of the experiment states. They also found the kite need not be directly struck by lightning for the experiment to work. Experiment: confirmed; story: busted.

In this myth, Adam and Jamie tested some of the more prevalent myths based on flatulence. Throughout the myth, the MythBusters were careful to use only the scientific term "flatus" as opposed to the more common "fart", to prevent coming off as insensitive to the viewers (although "fart" had been used and aired uncensored by the MythBusters before and since). Myth statement Status Notes Flatulence can be induced by consuming beans. Confirmed While Adam consumed a diet of beans for one day, his rate of flatulence doubled. Flatulence can be induced by consuming carbonated soft drinks. Confirmed While Kari consumed only carbonated drinks for one day, her rate of flatulence doubled. Flatulence can be induced by consuming beef. Busted Jamie's rate of flatulence did not change after he consumed a diet of beef for one day. It is possible to flatulate so much, one can suffocate from the gas expelled. Busted The amount of potentially deadly gases found in an average flatus, such as carbon dioxide, is too low to cause its concentration to rise to fatal levels in a few hours, even in a small airtight room. In fact, breathing causes the CO2 levels to rise much faster. Lighting a match will burn the odorous gases in a flatus. Busted Lighting a match does not reduce the concentration of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan, the odorous gases commonly found in flatulence. The smell of a safety match being ignited instead masks the smell of methyl mercaptan when tested individually. Two additional myths were filmed but not aired as part of the broadcast episode. These have been shown in an outtakes reel at live appearances by the MythBusters.

Myth statement Status NotesPretty girls do not pass gas. BustedWearing special undergarments fitted with a microphone and patched through a sound system and given a hydrogen sulfide meter, Kari was given the lead in this myth. Despite the meter malfunctioning and many hours without any sound broadcast over the speakers, Kari finally produced a flatus and busted the myth. This myth was later shown as part of the MythBusters Mailbag special, aired on May 20, 2012. It was cited as Kari's most embarrassing moment on the show.

This is also referred to as "Flatus Burning." Myth statementstatusnotesIt is possible to ignite a flatus. ConfirmedAdam began by welding attachments to an ordinary chair to allow him an optimal position. Adam waited patiently for a flatus to surface. Using a standard lighter, the high speed camera showed the flatus did indeed combust, confirming the myth. This myth was later shown as part of the MythBusters Top 25 Moments special, aired on June 16, 2010.

Myth statement Status Notes A person can fly using a life raft filled with helium. Busted The amount of helium required to lift a person off the ground (or even the raft itself) is prohibitively immense, and such a raft of adequate size would be quite flimsy. In fact, the final test of the raft had to be aborted because of an unbalanced release of the ties, causing Adam to become entangled and destroying the raft in the process.

Myth statement Status Notes The ban on cell phones on aircraft is designed to force passengers to use the expensive in flight phones. Busted Cell phone signals, specifically those in the 800–900 MHz range, did interfere with unshielded cockpit instrumentation. Because older aircraft with unshielded wiring can be affected, because of the possible problems that may arise by having many airborne cell phones "seeing" multiple cell phone towers, and because of all the electronic systems in a modern airplane that would have to undergo lengthy and expensive certification, the MythBusters speculated that the FCC (by enforcement through the FAA) prohibits the use of cell phones while airborne to remain on the safe side, rather than the air companies asking for the ban to increase their revenue from in flight phones. Such a prohibition was lifted in Europe.

Myth statement Status Notes Bullets fired into the air maintain their lethal capability when they eventually fall back down. Busted, plausible, and confirmed In the case of a bullet fired at sufficiently close to a vertical angle to result in a nonballistic trajectory, the bullet would tumble, lose its spin, and fall at a much slower speed due to terminal velocity, so it is rendered less than lethal on impact (the "busted" rating). However, if a bullet is fired at a lower angle allowing for a ballistic trajectory (a far more likely case), it will maintain its spin and will retain enough energy to be lethal on impact (the "plausible" rating). Because of this potentiality, firing a gun into the air is illegal in most U. S. states, and even in the states where it is legal, it is not recommended by the police. Also, the MythBusters were able to identify two people who had been injured by falling bullets (fired from about 1 mile (2 km) away, hence at a lower angle), one of them fatally (the "confirmed" rating). This is the only myth to receive all three ratings at the same time.

Vodka can

Myth statement status Notes remove poison oak. Busted For some reason, although most of the MythBusters were allergic to poison oak when they were young (especially Kari, who was exempted from the test because she had once had a dangerous reaction), it did not affect anyone but John the Researcher. The vodka still gave no results. painlessly remove plastic bandages. Plausible Both a control bandage and a vodka soaked bandage were quickly removed from hair covered legs, and while not painless, the vodka soaked bandage came off less painfully and removed less hair than the control. be used as an improvised ice pack when mixed with water in a sealed plastic bag. (This myth was not seen in the version aired in the US.) Confirmed After the mixture was put inside the refrigerator overnight, the vodka (which has a lower freezing point than water) prevented the water from freezing, making the mixture cold and malleable. When tested against a commercial ice pack for twenty minutes, the mixture worked just as well, although the commercial ice pack was slightly better by about half a degree Celsius or one degree Fahrenheit (about for the commercial ice pack against in the vodka/water mixture). Tory even joked after the test that the mixture could make a good slushie to drink after use. be turned into high quality vodka through charcoal filtration. Busted Through a double blind taste test, the cheap vodka seemed to taste better with every subsequent filtration, although the top shelf vodka beat them all. However, a chemical analysis showed no actual difference between the filtered and unfiltered cheap vodka.

The MythBusters revisited the Confederate Rocket myth with some new information from viewers. This was revisited in "More Myths Revisited". Myth statement Status Notes A hybrid rocket can be propelled with salami. (From Confederate Rocket) Confirmed Salami, like the paraffin used in the first test, was able to propel the rocket, although it tended to explode instead of providing even thrust.

At the insistence of viewers, the team retested the popular arrow splitting myth seen in the film The Adventures of Robin Hood. Myth statement Status Notes An arrow can be split in half through a direct hit in the tail by another arrow. (From Splitting an Arrow) Re busted Even after multiple direct hits on a solid wood arrow with the bone nock removed with a professional archer, a tail to tip split could not be achieved. It took an arrow made of hollow bamboo to create the splitting effect seen in the movie, because the second arrow will follow the grain of the first, normal arrow, which will lead to the side before it makes it to the end. Also, their tests revealed that an arrow fired from a traditional bow wobbles in the air, enough that it will not hit the end of the arrow straight.

This myth originated from the episode "Do It Yourself, Mr. Bean" of the British comedy series Mr. Bean starring Rowan Atkinson. Myth statement Status Notes A small room can be quickly painted by detonating a stick of dynamite in a bucket of paint. Busted A stick of dynamite in a bucket of paint cannot distribute the paint evenly enough to fully paint the room; only 40% of the room (around the bottom and part of the ceiling) received paint, and the room took some shrapnel damage (even from a plastic bucket). Furthermore, Adam's and Jamie's customized contraptions, designed to help distribute the paint more evenly, failed to produce any successful results or an intact room.

Remote, non consensual mind control can be achieved by

Myth statement status Notes a psionic helmet kit, ordered off the internet. Busted The test failed to produce any effects. Tory wore the helmet for two tests. The first was an attempt at a local coffee shop to give his order to the clerk without telling her, which failed (although the women behind him claimed to receive the message he was trying to broadcast). In the second attempt, he attempted to make Jamie remove his trademark beret, with no effect, while Jamie was filming the wrap up for Facts About Flatulence. (Tory, in fact, is visible in the rear of the shot during that episode, wearing the helmet.) pulsed air. Busted The test failed to produce any effects. a spinning magnet. Plausible While it is plausible that some sort of "mind influence" (determined by looking at EEG recordings) was achieved, no actual predictable control of the mind's state occurred. Also, the magnet may have affected the EEG machine's readings. subliminal sound. Busted The test failed to produce any effects. remote hypnosis. Partly plausible Enough pre existing scientific evidence exists regarding hypnosis for the Build Team to call the myth plausible, and their EEG readings backed up that evidence. However, a later myth busts the possibility that one could coerce another person into doing something against his will through hypnosis, so while someone's brainwaves can be influenced through hypnosis, true "mind control" cannot be achieved with it.

This myth came from New Zealand in the early 1930s, where an epidemic of exploding pants had rampaged, injuring and even killing farmers. The culprit was a then unfamiliar chemical substance that farmers began using in large quantities at the time. Myth statement Status Notes Under the right conditions, farm chemicals can cause a pair of trousers to combust if they are spilled on and subjected to normal wear and abuse. Confirmed The Build Team tried to ignite cotton denim pant swatches soaked in fertilizer, gun cotton solution, black powder, and the herbicide sodium chlorate by using an open flame, a radiant heat source, friction, and impact, but only the herbicide could ignite with sufficient energy under the above conditions (except for friction), and it was particularly reactive to impact. In a full scale experiment using Buster, paramedics on hand stated that Buster would most likely survive the blast with only some burns. Research confirms the herbicide as the culprit, as an accidental infestation of ragwort in the country caused a dramatic increase in herbicide use. Despite the fact that it was technically not a true explosion (as there was no rapid air compression typical of an explosion), it was agreed that the rapid flash ignition of the pants was quick and energetic enough to be deemed an "explosion" by a layman, rendering the myth confirmed. After determining this, Frank Doyle and the MythBusters painted Buster's pants with classified "Silver" explosive, and the resulting blast completely destroyed him, throwing pieces of his body in all directions.

The "Great Gas Conspiracy" mentioned in the myth is the conspiracy theory that gasoline companies are secretly in league with the car manufacturers to produce fuel inefficient vehicles, to fatten their profits and split the difference. The myths tested were ways found on the Internet that one can supposedly beat this conglomerate and get cheap, easy, and spectacularly improved fuel efficiency for cars. The cars were a Toyota Camry and an Oldsmobile Toronado. Theories were tested to see if cheap fuel efficiency can be achieved with

Myth statement status Notes carburetor magnets. Busted There was no change to fuel efficiency. acetone mixed with the gasoline. Busted The acetone was less fuel efficient. "miracle carburetor" supposed to get 300 miles per gallon. Busted This was far less fuel efficient. "water fuel cell". Busted The cell did not work with the car, and while the car did start unmodified when pure hydrogen was introduced, the hydrogen was also violently ignited soon afterwards, making it an unlikely, dangerous, and expensive alternative. used cooking oil, rather than regular fuel. Confirmed Although there is no word on damage to the engine from using used cooking oil, a Mercedes Benz diesel fueled car did run on it. However, the MythBusters speculated that once this alternative fuel achieves a significant interest level among the public, used cooking oil will be hoarded as a marketable commodity. The used cooking oil also did not quite fit the requirement of improved fuel efficiency, as it yielded approximately 10% less distance for an equivalent amount of diesel. (See biodiesel and straight vegetable oil.)

Though present in a number of movies, the myth came primarily from the movie Firetrap, in which Max Hopper (Dean Cain) scales a duct silently using magnets. Adam and Jamie were tasked with the entry phase—scaling a 20 foot air duct stealthily. After each had devised his own system, they tested whether a person can surreptitiously scale an air duct by using a system of

Myth statement Status Notes magnets. Busted Jamie's "supermagnets" (ten strength ones) could hold his weight and allowed him to make it to the top of the duct, but they caused far too much noise on the way up to allow for a stealthy entrance. suction cups. Busted Adam's suction cups were able to hold his weight as well and were relatively much quieter than Jamie's magnets, but the climb was still clearly audible. Furthermore, the mechanisms Adam used to control the vacuums often failed, which caused him to slip and fall down the vent, blowing his cover. He did, however, make it to the top of the vent, once he perfected the method of operating the device in sequence to his steps up the vent. Finally, breaking through the grate of the air duct at the end was much too noisy, also blowing his cover.

Before Grant started the myth, he stated that he found that the highly visible, brightly colored light beams seen in movies do not exist in the real world, as not only would it defeat the purpose of making the laser system hard to get around, but real light moves far too quickly to be seen by the naked eye, thereby making such laser systems impossible to create in the first place. In its place, he fashioned a makeshift system using laser pointers that worked on the same principle (breaking the beam sets off the alarm). Each part of the myth came from the movie Entrapment—specifically, the scene where Gin Baker (Catherine Zeta Jones) and Mac MacDougal (Sean Connery) infiltrate Bedford Palace to steal a priceless mask. Kari and Tory took this on as their first challenge and tested whether a person can successfully navigate a system of laser beam detectors by

Myth statement Status Notes blowing cosmetic powder across the beams to identify their position, as Gin did with the final beam. Busted While visible beams can be seen, they are detectable only when the powder is airborne, which is not very long. Also, as Kari found, blowing too much powder can cause enough of the beam to break and set off the alarm. Furthermore, most laser systems use invisible infrared laser trip beams. using night vision goggles (inspired by Mac's use of a night vision camera to navigate Gin). Busted None of the beams are visible through the goggles—Tory was able to see only the points where the beams were hitting. He said that the goggles actually made it harder to get through the lasers because of their effect on his peripheral vision. pointing another laser at the photodetector—another technique that Gin used once. Busted While the technique is workable enough with visible beam systems, the fact that infrared beams cannot be readily detected or traced makes locating the relevant photocells too difficult in a real world situation.

After getting through the visible lasers, Kari and Tory faced the real world equivalent: infrared photo beam detectors. They tested the following methods:

Myth statement Status Notes the Entrapment techniques (cosmetic powder, night vision goggles, or both) Busted Neither Kari's makeup nor Tory's night vision goggles helped them see the infrared beams, and while a combination of the two allowed Tory to catch a momentary glimpse of the infrared beams, Kari still found that she had a problem in that it was still possible to break the beam by blowing too much powder forward. using an optical doorway Busted In a scene not shown in some versions of the episode, Kari built an apparatus that deflected the beams from mirror to mirror until it reached the receptor while creating a doorway that she and Tory could walk through. However, the device was massive, and just sticking it in was enough to set off the alarm. When Grant temporarily disabled the alarm to give them time to set it up, it did work, but it was deemed busted due to its impracticality.

To access the jewelry room, Adam and Jamie tested whether glass doors can be breached silently (i. e., without setting off a sonar alarm trained to detect smashing). This was inspired by films often featuring scenes where cat burglars cut holes in glass and remove them with suction cups. Adam and Jamie tested the following techniques in an hour long practice session and during the test itself:

Myth statement Status Notes gently cutting the glass and removing it with a suction cup Busted The suction cup could not remove the glass. thermal shock (extreme hot and then freezing cold to fracture glass along a circular groove) Busted When Jamie tried it during a practice run, the method failed catastrophically, so it was not used in the actual test. tapping a hole in the glass Busted Although it did work, it was far too noisy and set off the alarm during the test. drilling a hole Partly busted The drilling caused some noise but not enough to trip a sonic alarm. It did, however, cause the entire glass panel to break, but because it was tempered and laminated, the glass held together. Jamie then used pliers to pick out the pieces until an arm sized hole could open up, allowing access to the doorknob on the other side, but it was a near impossible task to do consistently.

This myth also came from Entrapment and is the final act of the Bedford Palace mask heist. Tory and Kari faced this as their final challenge, attempting to retrieve a golden Buster idol while testing whether a person can successfully fool a pressure sensor under a glass case by

Myth statement Status Notes squeezing in a knife between the glass and sensor and using a piece of gum to hold the sensor in its original position, as Gin did. Busted The sensor is extremely sensitive. Even the slight lifting of the case needed to insert the knife can set it off, and it took three attempts just to get the knife in. Also, the freshly chewed gum is too pliable to keep the sensor held down once the knife is removed. squeezing in a knife between the glass and sensor and using duct tape to hold it in place. Plausible This was Plan B in case the movie myth was busted, as Tory reasoned that they would bring tape if they were in a heist. If one can get the knife in without setting it off, the knife can then be held in place with tape to keep the sensor depressed. overloading the pressure sensor. Plausible In a segment not shown in some versions of the episode, right before the safecracking, Adam set off a pressure sensor that Grant installed on the floor right in front of the safe. He successfully overloaded it, though, turning the pedestal that had held the Buster idol on its side and putting it on the sensor to overload it.

As their final challenge, Adam and Jamie were tasked with cracking a safe that turned out to contain a golden jeweled scepter. Adam took the lead and tested whether a safe can be quickly cracked by

Myth statement Status Notes using a stethoscope. Busted Modern safes are designed with this old technique in mind, and the tumblers proved too quiet to be heard even with amplification. drilling a hole and visually causing the tumblers to fall into place. Plausible After prying off the safe knob, with help from a borescope and a length of piano wire, Adam managed to crack the safe, but it would take time that may not be available to a surreptitious safecracker (for Adam, 45 minutes), especially given the fact that the safe for the test was rated to be crackable by a professional safecracker in only 5 minutes—although most safecrackers are not normally required to be quiet in doing so.

In a final twist, Grant and Tory challenged Adam to scale a 23 story building by using his suction cups as a cat burglar might in order to get to a helicopter on the roof. Myth statement Status Notes A suction cup system can be used to scale a (23 story) skyscraper. Plausible The concept worked (see the Air Duct Climb section), but Adam did not have the stamina to scale the entire building. Making the climb would be highly visible and requires significant physical training.

A popular saying states that sugary cereal is less nutritious than its box. Myth statement Status Notes A cereal box can have more nutritional value than the cereal. Busted All tests showed that cereal has superior values of calories, fats, sugars, and proteins compared to cardboard. Furthermore, chemicals within the cardboard may be toxic. Note: Adam and Jamie admitted in an interview that they tried an earlier test of this myth using rats in cooperation with a university. However, of the three groups they used, they found that one of the rats in the group fed cardboard ate the others in the sample when they returned. The decision was later made by Discovery to leave the segment unaired.

A diagram by Leonardo da Vinci blueprints a steam powered cannon that Archimedes supposedly built. Myth statement Status Notes Archimedes was able to build a powerful steam cannon by using technology available at the time. Busted A flash boil powered cannon, built even with modern materials and techniques, was barely able to push a projectile out of the barrel. A more modern pre boiled, valve triggered system, such as those used in aircraft catapults, was able to project a cannonball a considerable distance, and it required far less pressure than the MythBusters had originally projected. Also see Holman Projector, which worked on a similar principle.

This is also referred to as "Which has the whitest teeth." This myth was less a challenge than an inside joke. The MythBusters received many emails from fans complaining about Adam's brown teeth. This was not aired in the US. However, on the Discovery Europe version, it is included in the episode. Myth statement Status Notes Of all the MythBusters, Adam is the one with the brownest teeth. Busted, then confirmed Jamie, Adam, Tory, and Grant all had their teeth checked by Kari. At first, Jamie was the one with the brownest teeth, not Adam. However, after hearing the news, he had his teeth bleached to make them white again. After this, Adam did have the brownest teeth. The overall result, from best to worst, was Grant, Tory, Adam, and finally Jamie (before his bleaching).

Whirlpools are an ancient maritime fear. According to the myth, a tidal whirlpool can sink
Myth statement Status Notes a container ship. Busted For this to happen, the whirlpool would have to be significantly stronger than any maelstrom ever recorded. When tested at the appropriate scale, the whirlpool did not have any noticeable effect on a model container ship. a fishing trawler. Busted While the scale test did affect a model fishing trawler more visibly than the container ship, the most it did was buffet the model and knock it slightly off course. Even then, it was not enough to capsize the model, let alone sink it. a person. Plausible A whirlpool can generate a vortex large enough to pull down a swimmer and, especially if combined with the effects of dizziness and disorientation (which caused Adam to vomit after mere seconds), induce drowning. The MythBusters tested only according to the most powerful maelstrom ever recorded, and they did not determine the minimum size needed to submerge a swimmer.

A fan claims that he saw a car capsize when a snowplow passed by in the opposite direction at high speed. Myth statement Status Notes A snowplow passing by at high speed can displace enough air on one side to flip over a passing car. Busted Even a worst case scenario—an unusually large plow passing by a light, top heavy sports utility vehicle at highway speed—could not generate the air pressure needed to cause the SUV to even visibly tip. A semi driving at highway speeds generates only about 1/6 of the air pressure needed to make this myth plausible.

This is the first segment not to be assigned a "busted", "plausible", or "confirmed" rating, as there was no myth to be proved or disproved. Adam and Jamie did the tests simply to dissect the process and determine what actually makes a so called Diet Coke and Mentos eruption, such as the ones seen on Kari's FHM shoot and on EepyBird. com. However, they did compare their results to the many differing theories given by experts as to how the geyser works, "busting" all of them. (None of the theories had the full list of contributing factors for the geyser, only partial explanations.) The MythBusters also set a new record for the cola geyser at just over 30 feet (9 m) by using a nozzle, beating the previous record of 18 feet (5 m), set by the person who popularized the phenomenon, Steve Spangler. They extended the geyser to 34 feet (10 m) by using rock salt, which is more porous and hence provides even more nucleation sites per area than Mentos. In this episode, Adam and Jamie also created homemade pyrotechnics using water, liquid soap, and methane, and smoke bombs from saltpeter and sugar; demonstrated a way to blow the canister off a stack of Pringles chips by using hydrogen gas, leaving the chips intact; and assembled a dry ice bomb. Adam also implies that more improvised explosives may be tested for a future episode. Despite the "do not try this at home" disclaimers, the MythBusters concluded that Diet Coke and Mentos geysers are safe enough for people to try, even for children (with the exception of getting into trouble by their parents). Question Results Why does dropping Mentos into a bottle of Diet Coke create a geyser effect? Mostly because the (uncolored/unglazed version of) Mentos provides nucleation sites for the dissolved carbon dioxide in the Diet Coke to escape as a gas. Other active ingredients in the cascade effect reaction include aspartame (artificial sweetener), potassium benzoate (preservative), and caffeine in the Diet Coke, and gum arabic and gelatin in the Mentos. The ingredients seem to have a perfect compatibility with each other and, when mixed and added to the nucleation, create a chemical reaction that forces the soda to release all of its dissolved carbon dioxide at once, thus causing a more violent eruption than carbonated water alone.

Myth statement Status Notes A stamp placed on the rotor of a helicopter can unbalance the spinning rotors enough to cause it to crash. Busted A stamp in a controlled scale test did not cause any changes to the helicopter rotor's rotation. The MythBusters immediately ramped up the test to the scale of 8,000 stamps, which destroyed the scale model helicopter. The full sized test also produced the same results, as the stamp did not cause a real helicopter to crash, and according to the pilot, it did not cause any significant change in the way the helicopter flew. A stamp placed on the tail rotor also did not cause any noticeable change.

Myth statement Status NotesOne can design an automobile sound system such that the bass can quickly shatter all the windows of the automobile. Busted While the large, diesel engine powered subwoofer that Jamie and Adam built into a Mercedes Benz 240D produced sound at 161 dBSPL at 16 Hz (a level comparable to those found in cars specially designed for loudness competitions), it caused the sunroof of the car to jar loose, allowing for the pressure of the sound waves to escape. Because of this leakage, not to mention the fact that the forces behind the oscillation caused the woofer to break apart, the speaker system could not possibly create the intensity needed to cause all the windows to explode as the myth stated. A best case scenario would involve only one window failing, thus creating a path for the pressure to escape.

A spinoff myth was tested in "More Myths Revisited". Myth statement Status Notes A car will achieve a smoother ride on a rough outback road by being driven faster. Confirmed As far as driving on non washboard roads, there was no solid conclusion due to a conflict of data. However, when they tested a "washboard" road, the Build Team was able to confirm the theory that driving at a higher speed will indeed cause the body of the car to float over the ridges. The wheels of a car oscillated wildly, but the car suspension allowed for a relatively smoother ride at high speed.

Fingerprint readers take a sample of a fingerprint and match it with an approved person database. The particular door mounted scanner tested optically samples the fingerprint, and it had some extra "liveness sensing" features that supposedly looks for pulse, body heat, and sweat (though, in the end, the door scanner ended up being fooled much easier than the low tech fingerprint scanner on Jamie's laptop). The process was twofold—first, obtaining the thumbprint for the lock (which Kari did by tricking Grant into copying a stack of CDs, thus giving them a copy of the master print) and then devising a method of successfully transcribing the fingerprint to the point that it could be used to bypass the lock. Adam and Jamie used various techniques before finding a technique involving copper coated circuit boards, acetate, acid washing, and manually amplifying the lines in the fingerprint to their original quality. After that, the two of them transcribed Grant's thumbprint onto various mediums and then tested whether the biometric fingerprint lock could be cracked by

Myth statement Status Notes a copy of an approved fingerprint etched in latex. Confirmed Adam first planted the latex on his own thumb to give it warmth and pulse and then found that licking the latex sample (to simulate sweat) was enough to fool the scanner. This allegedly marked the very first time that particular lock had been broken. a ballistics gel copy of an approved fingerprint. Confirmed Jamie was also able to fool the sensor after adding some moisture to the ballistics gel print. a paper copy of an approved fingerprint. Confirmed Licking the paper sample (to simulate sweat) was enough to fool the scanner.

Thermographic cameras note any changes in the temperature gradient within its field of view (as seen in the 1992 film Sneakers). Kari, Tory, and Grant tested whether a thermal motion sensor can be fooled by

Myth statement Status Notes cooling the body down using a CO2 fire extinguisher. Busted Not only was the sensor not fooled, but using a fire extinguisher on a person is dangerous. a neoprene diving suit. Busted The neoprene suit did insulate Tory's body heat from his surroundings—until the suit itself warmed up. being covered in mud. This was inspired by a technique used by Dutch Schaefer (Arnold Schwarzenegger) to fool Predator thermal sensors. Busted Like the neoprene suit, this worked only until the mud warmed up from body heat. Also, Tory left behind mud tracks while attempting this, making him easier to track. heating the room to body temperature. Busted Heating the room from the ceiling immediately set off the sensor, while heating the room from the ground did not. However, the sensor was still sensitive enough to detect the difference between human body temperature and the ambient temperature. They also attempted piping the heat in from below and then having Grant strip down to his boxers (as close to naked as he dared in an attempt to emit exactly 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit), but that was also unsuccessful. wearing a highly insulated fire proximity suit. Confirmed In a scene not shown in some versions of the episode, they found that the suit blocked the body heat, preventing the sensor from seeing the wearer. However, a small breach in the suit around Tory's buttocks area triggered the sensor when pointed towards it. Despite that, though, he found he was able to beat the thermal camera by entering the room backwards. placing glass between the intruder and the sensor. Confirmed Glass blocks out the longer wavelength infrared light used by thermal imaging systems. Kari and Grant were successfully able to hang a pane over the camera by using a clamp and drop right into the room.

Ultrasonic motion detectors note any Doppler shifts caused by a moving intruder. Kari, Tory, and Grant tested whether an ultrasonic motion detector can be fooled by

Myth statement Status Notes wearing thick padded clothing. Busted To test this, Kari made a Big Bird like costume cum stealth suit out of a thick yellow rug, but the sensor was still able to pick up her movement. wearing a suit made of fiberglass. Busted Kari made a second suit made of the said material, but the alarm went off the instant she set foot in the room. holding a bedsheet in front of oneself. Confirmed The bedsheet absorbed enough of the ultrasonic waves to mitigate any return signals. moving extremely slowly. Confirmed Although it took Kari 20 minutes to cross a relatively short hallway, she moved slowly enough to stay below the detector's sampling threshold.

This myth was based on a scene from the movie The Score, where Nick Wells (Robert De Niro) uses this technique to break into a safe containing a glass relocker. Myth statement Status Notes A thief can drill into a safe with a thermal lance, fill the safe with water, and detonate an explosive inside without damaging the items inside or prematurely activating the glass relocker. Plausible Drilling into a safe by using thermal rods takes far longer than the myth states. Also, the heat from the thermal rods completely destroyed the items inside. Secondly, the safe was not watertight and had to be sealed from the inside to completely fill it with water. Finally, though the explosion successfully dislodged the safe door, none of the items inside remained intact. It was deemed plausible from historical precedent and police reports, though the MythBusters themselves could not replicate any of the conditions. The myth was also tested by the BBC show Hollywood Science, which was able to replicate the scene by using the same type of safe used in The Score.

The MythBusters tested one of Nikola Tesla's publications. Myth statement Status Notes Tesla's oscillator: Nikola Tesla invented a small steam powered machine that, when attached to an object or building and tuned to vibrate at a certain frequency, can cause an earthquake like effect on the object to which it is attached. Busted The MythBusters built several variations of Tesla's machine by using modified jackhammers, as well as a specially designed computer controlled electromechanical linear actuator provided by Grant. Small scale tests on metal bars produced mixed results, with the modified tools performing poorly, while the more finely tunable actuator produced significant vibrations in the bar. A scale model test with a model of Tesla's lab and miniature motor failed to produce any noticeable result. Finally, a full scale test was attempted: The MythBusters attached the resonator to the side of the 1927 span of the Carquinez Bridge, a large truss bridge of a type today designed to withstand such vibrations, to see whether the entire bridge would be shaken. The resonator could be tuned to the bridge's resonant frequency; it did produce a vibration, noticeable "hundreds of feet away", like "a big semitrailer truck cruising by", but not remotely of earthquake strength. The MythBusters declared the myth busted.

Kari, Tory, and Grant began by examining the news story that 24 year old Philip Quinn had been killed two years beforehand in his trailer home in Kent, Washington after he heated a lava lamp on his stove, only for it to blow up and send a glass shard into his chest. This earned them the moniker of "MSI: Myth Scene Investigation", an homage to CSI. They eventually tested whether the following can potentially blow up with lethal consequences if heated on a stove by heating the material in question on a stove and placing a ballistics gel torso with an actual human ribcage and a fake heart near the stove so that they could examine potential injuries:
Myth statement Status Notes a lava lamp Confirmed All lava lamp tests produced violent reactions, with the reactions differing depending on the lamp's design:
When lava lamps with safety caps exploded, they vented their contents out through the tops of the lamps because of the safety caps popping off (as designed). The Build Team then tested a bottle capped lava lamp, which leaked due to a poor seal. Grant then blew the lava lamp up using a squirt of cold water from a spray bottle to induce thermal shock—and the explosion lodged a piece of glass deep into the ballistics gel dummy planted near the lamp. With the combination of the violent explosion, glass shrapnel in the dummy, explicit warning labels (including a notice not to heat the lamp with anything besides the provided bulb), and the recorded incident, the myth was deemed confirmed. Once the Build Team tested the other containers, they ran a last test with a jumbo lava lamp, which exploded with enough force to pierce the dummy with numerous shards of glass. a can of beans Confirmed The cans of beans tested exploded with force proportional to the size of the can. Larger cans explode more violently than smaller cans, especially since large cans do not have a weakened pop open top, but the Build Team concluded that any can of beans on a stove is potentially lethal. a can of potted meat (such as Spam)Busted Though the can of potted meat exploded rather violently, the explosion did not have enough force to be deemed lethal. a large glass jug of milk Plausible The jar of milk exploded violently, though not with a large amount of force. The Build Team concluded that an exploding jar of milk could be lethal if a person happened to be standing over it.

Myth statement Status Notes A piece of straw can penetrate all the way through a palm tree if propelled by hurricane force winds. Busted Propelling a piece of straw at a palm tree at a distance of at (the world record for recorded wind speed at ground level), the straw managed to penetrate the tree only a quarter of an inch. Even firing at the tree while it was bent (to increase the size of the pores in the surface of the tree) at point blank range added no additional distance into the tree. A piece of reed was tested as the sturdiest organic object that might be mistaken for a piece of straw. At both ranges, the reed managed to go only about two inches into the tree. Additionally, Jamie tried a piece of piano wire, and at 50 cm, it flew not only through the tree but also through a sheet of plywood on the wall behind it, partially embedding itself into the concrete wall. Wind alone can blow the feathers off a chicken. Busted Even wind speeds faster than those ever recorded could not remove any of the feathers of a tethered chicken. The whole bird would more likely be blown away completely.

The Build Team tested world renowned polygrapher Cleve Backster's theory of primary perception. Myth statement Status Notes Polygraph tests indicate all living things share some form of interconnected consciousness. Busted Tests were done by connecting plants to a polygraph's galvanometer and then employing actual and imagined harm upon the plants or upon others in the plant's vicinity. The galvanometer showed some spurious readings (showing some kind of reaction about one third of the time), so a much more accurate EEG machine was used. When Grant and Tory used a machine that dropped eggs randomly into boiling water, the plant had no reaction. Additionally, Tory's leukocytes had no reaction when Kari shocked him with a stungun.

Myth statement Status Notes If a cable snaps, it can cut a person in two (as seen in the movie Ghost Ship). Busted A cable at of tension was unable to cut a pig in two (or even cut into it), but it did cause potentially lethal injuries. The MythBusters took the test even further by adding a smaller cable at the end of a larger one to create a "whip" effect, and they even looped a cable around the pig itself. None of these methods could cut the pig by the pretensioned cable's inertia alone. The pig was cut in half only when Adam tied a cable around it before tightening the cable. Also, after making inquiries with almost every safety organization imaginable, the MythBusters were unable to find any concrete evidence of a person being cut in half by a snapped cable.

Myth statement Status Notes Sounds can be recovered from old pottery, called archaeoacoustics (based on the episode "Hollywood A. D." from The X Files). Busted The MythBusters were unable to recover any recognizable sound from the pot by using a record player with a glass needle (to prevent scratching the clay). Even with professional audio enhancement and the most advanced sound systems available, they were unable to recover any discernible sounds from the straw made grooves on the pots.

A compressed air cylinder can
Myth statement Status Notes blast itself through a concrete wall. Confirmed Once the MythBusters constructed a launch tube and perfected shearing off the cylinder's valve, the cylinder shot entirely through their constructed cinder block wall and damaged the solid concrete wall behind it. The MythBusters were also aware of recorded instances of such a thing happening. power a speedboat. Busted The two cylinders could only propel the modified speedboat 120 feet (37 m) at a maximum of A second attempt resulted in the boat barely making half the distance and barely registering any speed at all.

Myth statement Status Notes An engine can run on gunpowder alone. Busted The team (incorrectly) concluded that gunpowder has a greater energy density than gasoline and proceeded to test three historical designs (by Huygens, Cayley, and Paine) for gunpowder engines, none of which worked for more than one cycle. The team could not find a practical or reliable way to feed the gunpowder into the engines without having them backfire and ignite all the powder, most likely because black powder is not a liquid and therefore is not transported as easily; also, gunpowder cannot be ignited while mixed in with liquid (even flammable lubricating oil), so it must be dry for the engine to work. They were also unable to convert a modern lawnmower engine to run on gunpowder, even with gunpowder inserted directly into the ignition chamber.

Myth statement Status Notes A sword can cut a machine gun in two. (Spinoff of Sword vs. Sword) Busted The team heated the barrel from a .30 caliber Browning machine gun until it was red hot and struck it with the sword machine, which simply resulted in a small gouge in the barrel even though the barrel's outer heat dissipating shroud had been removed and the machine was swinging the sword with power that significantly exceeded a normal human's capabilities. The team then rapidly heated and cooled the barrel to make it more brittle, but when hit by the sword again, it shattered instead of being cut. Finally, the team tried to cut a thinner Thompson submachine gun barrel, but the sword only bent it.

Myth statement Status Notes Bracing a windshield can keep it from shattering. (Spinoff of Rough Road Driving) Busted Bracing a window with a hand was unsuccessful in preventing a window from being shattered by a rock or a fired BB.

This marked the first time a confirmed myth was disputed. In this case, the claim was that the rocket launched not due to the two part hybrid reaction but simply due to the release of the pressurized nitrous oxide. Myth statement Status Notes A Hybrid Rocket can use salami as fuel. (From Salami Rocket) Re confirmed Using salami as a rocket fuel can create high amounts of thrust with the right nozzle. Readings from the force gauge proved that salami did in fact generate much more thrust than just the released nitrous oxide alone, though they do admit that the nitrous oxide output alone could have launched the rocket, as may have been the case with the original launch.

Myth statement Status Notes It is more fuel efficient to drive a pickup truck with its tailgate down, rather than up. (From Tailgate Up vs. Tailgate Down) Re busted Using a calibrated fuel flow gauge, Adam and Jamie first re busted the Tailgate Up vs. Tailgate Down myth, then went on to test various other truck configurations (hard top, mesh tailgate, and no tailgate). A plastic mesh tailgate provides superior fuel efficiency compared to the standard metal tailgate. Confirmed Again using a calibrated fuel flow gauge, Adam and Jamie proved that the mesh was the most efficient way to configure a pickup truck. The fans stated that the truck mesh was the worst tailgate to use, which the MythBusters proved wrong.

The MythBusters tested the following myths concerning standard disposable butane lighters. Myth statement Status Notes A lighter can explode when placed under a welding tool. Confirmed The heat generated from the welding tool was hot enough to cause the plastic lighter to melt and release its fuel, which ignited, causing a small explosion. A lighter can explode when put in a laundry dryer. Busted A lighter was left in a running laundry dryer but suffered no significant damage and therefore did not explode. A lighter can explode when hit with a golf club. Partly confirmed Hitting a lighter with a golf club did not make the lighter explode, but when the MythBusters decided to hit the lighter while it was lit, it exploded rather violently. A lighter can explode on a car dashboard. Busted The lighter was put in a toaster oven to simulate the maximum temperature that the interior of a car can reach, around There was no reaction for several hours, and the lighter finally exploded when the MythBusters ramped the temperature up to over , well above any temperature that can be expected in the interior of a car in atmospheric conditions. A single lighter can be lethal if it explodes. Busted The MythBusters placed a lighter in a pair of jeans on a pig carcass used as a human stand in and put it under a welding tool. The sparks and heat from the tool managed to set the pants on fire and burn the flesh but failed to ignite the lighter. 500 lighters packed inside a car can explode with lethal force. Plausible The MythBusters placed 500 lighters in a car and slowly heated it up. One by one, lighters began to rupture and release gas fumes. When the MythBusters finally triggered an igniter, the gas fumes exploded, blowing out all of the windows and setting the car on fire. The myth was deemed possible as long as a suitable ignition source is present.

Using a Colt Peacemaker and a Navy revolver, the MythBusters tested whether an Old West gunslinger could
Myth statement Status Notes drop a coin and fire his pistol five times before it hits the ground. Busted Using replicas of actual Wild West pistols, Grant, Kari, and Tory attempted the stunt themselves. However, Grant and Kari were unable to clear the pistols from their holsters in time, and Tory was able to get off only one shot. Grant then built a device that showed that the pistols consistently jammed when the MythBusters tried to fire them so quickly. The MythBusters finally turned to a professional gunslinger, Larry Hamby, but he could fire only three shots, and he stated that firing five in that period of time would be "extremely difficult". With no results, the myth was busted. shoot a hole through a silver dollar. Busted The MythBusters used actual period silver dollars for the test. A professional gunslinger proved that hitting the coin was possible (if thrown correctly, on the first try) by piercing a lead coin. Both the Peacemaker and Navy revolver were able to only dent the silver dollar. While a .357 Magnum could easily pierce the coin, the myth was busted because the .357 was not introduced until the 1930s—gunslingers did not have access to it. However, retrying the myth with lead coins instead of silver did yield large holes from both period weapons. save a man from being hanged by shooting the rope. Busted Firing at a rope with the pistols, even at point blank range, failed to break the rope. The bullets were merely deflected off the rope. A professional gunslinger armed with a more powerful Winchester repeating rifle managed to shoot and break the rope, but it required multiple tries to pull off. With the difficulty involved in shooting and breaking the rope, the myth was considered busted. The gunslinger also commented that it would have been easier to just shoot the executioners.

This myth was part of a well known engineering cliché: "Like a lead balloon, you cannot make a concrete glider fly." Myth statement Status Notes A glider can be made out of concrete. Plausible Adam's glider made a flight of over 34 feet (10 m) from a height of 9 feet (3 m), while Jamie's took a nosedive (albeit Adam used an aerotow launch for his glider, while Jamie merely threw his from a gantry). Also, an expert noted that making a glider out of concrete is possible and that the Germans experimented with the idea during World War II. After the test, the MythBusters decided that making a concrete glider is possible but highly dangerous and impractical since the brittle concrete would shatter once it hits the ground. See also Lead Balloon.

Myth statement Status Notes The vortex from a passing train can suck a person onto the tracks. Busted Although small scale testing with model trains in a wind tunnel showed a vortex, the more dominant force when running the full size train was the air turbulence running alongside and away from the train. The force caused Ted, a dummy made of ballistics gel, to simply fall down where he stood rather than be drawn into the train's wake, and also violently pushed around an empty stroller tethered onto the platform alongside. Despite the lack of suction, the MythBusters agreed that the turbulence was powerful enough in its own right to make standing that close to the train as it passes very dangerous.

A portion of this myth was revisited in "More Myths Reopened". Myth statement Status Notes A bullet can be shot into the empty chamber of another revolver. Confirmed The MythBusters were actually able to fire a bullet straight down the chamber of the test revolver. The bullet went in and lodged itself inside the chamber, matching the picture they had. A sniper can kill another sniper by shooting straight through the scope. (see Carlos Hathcock) Busted Using a police industry standard SWAT sniper rifle and standard police match ammunition, the MythBusters fired several shots at a scoped rifle mounted on a ballistics gel dummy. The bullet was unable to hit the dummy. It was either stopped or deflected by the multiple layers of lenses in the scope, leaving the dummy relatively unharmed. Without any clear evidence that a bullet can penetrate a sniper scope, the MythBusters decided to label the myth as busted. This myth was originally labeled "busted", but due to much debate by viewers, it was revisited in episode 75. Using a period accurate scope (this myth originates from reports of Carlos Hathcock in the Vietnam War), it was found to be plausible. During the Civil War, two soldiers' bullets collided in midair and fused. Plausible The MythBusters first tried to mount two Civil War rifles in front of each other so that when fired, the bullets (lead Minié balls) would collide in midair. However, this proved impossible because they were unable to get the guns to fire at the same time. Instead, they aimed a single rifle at a bullet suspended in the air. The fired bullet hit dead center, and the MythBusters found that both bullets had fused into a single mass. Though very unlikely, it is possible for two bullets to collide and fuse in midair.

This myth was brought up by concerned viewers, who feared that Jamie was in risk of suffering from the myth each time he banged two hammers together as part of a build. This myth was revisited in "More Myths Reopened". Myth statement Status Notes If two hammers strike each other, or a hammer strikes an anvil, at least one hammer will completely shatter with lethal force. Busted Using a custom rig, the MythBusters repeatedly struck pairs of hammers together, but none shattered. Hammers with wooden handles merely snapped in two, and hammers with metal handles bent. The MythBusters then decided to make the steel hammers harder and more brittle by adding more carbon and through heat treatment. In particular, they attempted to case harden the hammers. They heated the hammers to high temperatures and then coated the hammerheads in used engine oil. They also decided to have the hammers strike a more sturdy anvil instead of each other. However, during testing, the carbonized hammers merely bent at the handles without shattering. Though the myth was busted, some hammers come with warnings not to use them to strike another tool or hardened nail with excessive force; although no hammerhead shattered or chipped, high speed footage showed particle dust flying in all directions, which can present a potential eye hazard.

Anti gravity is a hypothetical force that eliminates the effects of gravity on an object (as opposed to counteracting it). The MythBusters tested various devices that claimed to produce anti gravity. Myth statement Status Notes Anti gravity is possible. Busted (for now) After testing various contraptions that were allegedly able to defy gravity, the MythBusters found none of them could actually achieve "anti gravity"; the contraptions (that did levitate) generated an upward force that balanced their downward gravitation. The myth was declared busted (for now) because, although they could bust the contraptions as anti gravity machines, the idea of anti gravity itself could not be busted through their tests.

Christmas tree fires are common during the winter holidays and cause millions of dollars in damage annually in America alone. The MythBusters tested one hypothesis on the cause of a Christmas tree fire. Myth statement Status Notes The heat generated by Christmas lights can ignite a Christmas tree. Busted After rigging a tinder dry Christmas tree with 2,500 C9 Christmas lights (for a total of 17.5 kW) and waiting for at least 40 minutes, the MythBusters were unable to get the tree to ignite by itself. Instead, they used an artificially created spark (simulating a short circuit) to set the tree on fire. Though the myth was busted, Adam and Jamie noted how quickly the tree caught on fire once it was ignited, warning viewers to be careful around their Christmas trees. Also, Adam and Jamie proved that a single extension cord can be overloaded with too many lights, causing the cord to produce significant heat due to its electrical resistance, which can burn the cord's insulation, which they theorize is the primary reason for Christmas tree fires.

Myth statement Status Notes Vodka can cure the pain of a jellyfish sting. Confirmed After receiving a sting from a jellyfish and then treating the wound with vodka, Kari noticed that most of the pain from the sting had disappeared. Vodka based treatment seemed to have worked about as well as the traditional warm water based solution.

During World War II, an Allied airman, Alan Magee, fell out of the underside ball turret of his B 17 at 22000 feet (6706 m) and survived. The MythBusters test one version of this story. According to the explosives expert used for the episode, this was the largest explosion executed for MythBusters up to that time with of dynamite and detcord and was ignited with 2 blasting caps as Adam mentions in the dialog: one for the detcord, and the other for the balloons. The resulting explosion traveled at a velocity of 21,000 feet (6401 m) per second, destroying the train station and killing the airman, proving that it was impossible for a bomb shockwave and human body to equalize pressure. Myth statement Status Notes A 22,000 feet (6706 m) fall is survivable if one falls through a glass ceiling and a bomb explodes below oneself. Busted In both the small scale and full scale tests, the MythBusters observed that the shockwave from the blast had little effect on the speed of falling bodies. Also, the shrapnel and shockwave from the explosion would most likely kill the falling person if the fall itself did not.

Throughout the series, Jamie had always pressured his M5 Industries employees and MythBusters production staff to turn the lights off whenever they leave a room to save electricity. The Build Team tested whether Jamie was correct in his assertion. During this myth, Grant and Kari visited the Livermore Pleasanton Fire Department in California to see the Centennial Light. Myth statement Status Notes Due to the power surge required to turn on the lights, leaving a light on will save electricity. Busted Through numerous tests, the MythBusters calculated that the power surge from turning on a light would simply consume as much power as leaving it on for a fraction of a second (except for fluorescent tube lights; the startup consumed about 23 seconds' worth of power). Furthermore, the wear and tear of turning the light on and off repeatedly did not reduce the bulb's total life expectancy enough to offset the increased electricity usage. Therefore, it is far more economical to turn a light off rather than leaving it on.