Тувалу .tv доменінің тарихы және экономикалық маңызы

Internet country code top level domain for Tuvalu
the defunct British TV channel

The domain name tv is the Internet country code top level domain (ccTLD) for Tuvalu. Except for reserved names like com. tv, net. tv, org. tv and others, anyone may register second level domains under tv. The domain name is popular, and thus economically valuable, because it is an abbreviation of the word television. In 1998, the government of Tuvalu sought to capitalize on the tv suffix being short for "television". By 2019, 8.4% of the revenue of the government of Tuvalu came from tv royalties, with hundreds of thousands of websites registered under the domain. Google treats tv as a generic top level domain (gTLD) because "users and website owners frequently see [the domain] as being more generic than country targeted."

Following its 1996 assignment of the tv ccTLD by the IANA, the government of Tuvalu cooperated with the International Telecommunication Union to find a marketing partner for the domain. In 1998 The tv Corporation (DotTV) was established as the exclusive tv domain registrar under the tentative management of Information. CA of Toronto, which agreed to pay US$50 million upfront to manage and market tv registrations until 2048. Following a $5 million quarterly payment in January 2000, the company's subsequent poor financial performance resulted in the transfer of $3 million in preferred DotTV stock to the government of Tuvalu in exchange for waiving three quarterly payments. Following the hiring of Lou Kerner as CEO of DotTV in January 2000 the company grew to over 100 employees, establishing offices in Los Angeles, London, and Hong Kong. On 31 December 2001 the company was acquired by Verisign for $45 million, including $10 million for Tuvalu's $3 million stake in the company. Quarterly payments were renegotiated from $1 million to $550,000, extended to last until 2011. As Verisign opted not to renew its contract, on 14 December 2021 GoDaddy signed a 10 year contract with the government of Tuvalu to manage tv registrations, increasing yearly payments to the government of Tuvalu to $10 million. In 2023, an agreement between the Government of Tuvalu and the GoDaddy Company, outsourced the marketing, sales, promotion and branding of the tv domain to the Tuvalu Telecommunications Corporation, which established a tv Unit.

Websites with the tv domain often feature video content for specific brands or firms. Publications like The Sydney Morning Herald and Pitchfork Media run sub stations of their online publications strictly for original video content. Marketing firms like Vice in New York have received contracts to create brand tailored tv content stations, such as Motherboard. tv for Dell and the Creator's Project for Intel have given this domain type more visibility, and inspired the creation of independent content stations at the college level across the United States such as Massive. tv at Northwestern University, Maingreen. tv at Brown University, and Kuumba. tv at Washington University in St. Louis.

"co. tv" is not an official hierarchy; it is a domain (co. tv) owned by a company who offers free subdomain redirection services, like co. nr. This company offers free co. tv subdomains. In July 2011, Google removed co. tv websites from its search results due to their extensive use by website scammers. This had no impact on other tv websites. According to Lucian Constantin at Softpedia, "CO. TV is a free domain provider that is obviously being abused by the people behind this campaign. All of the rogue domains used are hosted on the same IP address."

The island state of Tuvalu's long term habitability is threatened by climate change, with the island being barely above sea level. In response to the question of what would happen if a nation state would cease to exist, the ICANN board stated: "If the code element is removed, the ccTLD is eligible for retirement. Reason for removal is not of relevance." This means that the top level domain is dissolved if the country were to disappear. Proceedings from tv domain registrations are used to fund the Tuvaluan government's Future Now Project , which provides mitigation plans for infrastructure and maritime boundaries affected by climate change, digitization of cultural heritage and maintenance of the domain and related intellectual property's active status despite Tuvalu's uncertain future.