Пати-Салам моделі: Ұлы Біріктіру Теориясы

A Grand Unification Theory proposed in 1974 by nobel laureate Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati

In physics, the Pati–Salam model is a Grand Unified Theory (GUT) proposed in 1974 by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati. Like other GUTs, its goal is to explain the seeming arbitrariness and complexity of the Standard Model in terms of a simpler, more fundamental theory that unifies what are in the Standard Model disparate particles and forces. The Pati–Salam unification is based on there being four quark color charges, dubbed red, green, blue and violet (or originally lilac), instead of the conventional three, with the new "violet" quark being identified with the leptons. The model also has left–right symmetry and predicts the existence of a high energy right handed weak interaction with heavy W' and Z' bosons and right handed neutrinos. Originally the fourth color was labelled "lilac" to alliterate with "lepton". Pati–Salam is an alternative to the Georgi–Glashow SU(5) unification also proposed in 1974. Both can be embedded within an SO(10) unification model.

As mentioned above, both the Pati–Salam and Georgi–Glashow SU(5) unification models can be embedded in a SO(10) unification. The difference between the two models then lies in the way that the SO(10) symmetry is broken, generating different particles that may or may not be important at low scales and accessible by current experiments. If we look at the individual models, the most important difference is in the origin of the weak hypercharge. In the SU(5) model by itself there is no left right symmetry (although there could be one in a larger unification in which the model is embedded), and the weak hypercharge is treated separately from the color charge. In the Pati–Salam model, part of the weak hypercharge (often called U(1)B L) starts being unified with the color charge in the SU(4)C group, while the other part of the weak hypercharge is in the SU(2)R. When those two groups break then the two parts together eventually unify into the usual weak hypercharge U(1)Y.

A generic invariant renormalizable superpotential is a (complex) SU(4) × SU(2)L × SU(2)R and U(1)R invariant cubic polynomial in the superfields. It is a linear combination of the following terms:

and are the generation indices.

We can extend this model to include left right symmetry. For that, we need the additional chiral multiplets ('4', '2', '1')H and .