1819 жылғы маңызды оқиғалар мен жаңалықтар

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January 2 – The Panic of 1819, the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States, begins. January 25 – Thomas Jefferson founds the University of Virginia. January 29 – Sir Stamford Raffles lands on the island of Singapore. February 2 – Dartmouth College v. Woodward: The Supreme Court of the United States under John Marshall rules in favor of Dartmouth College, allowing Dartmouth to keep its charter and remain a private institution. February 6 – The Treaty of Singapore, between Hussein Shah of Johor and the British Sir Stamford Raffles, founds a trading settlement in Singapore. February 15 – The United States House of Representatives agrees to the Tallmadge Amendment, barring slaves from the new state of Missouri (the opening vote in a controversy that leads to the Missouri Compromise). February 19 – Captain William Smith of British merchant brig Williams sights Williams Point, the northeast extremity of Livingston Island in the South Shetlands, the first land discovered south of latitude 60° S.
February 22 – Adams–Onís Treaty: Spain cedes Florida to the United States, in exchange for the American renunciation of any claims on Texas that it might have from the Louisiana Purchase, and $5 million. March 1 – U. S. naval vessel Columbus is launched in Washington, D. C.
March 6 – McCulloch v. Maryland: The U. S. Supreme Court rules that the Bank of the United States is constitutional. March 20 – Burlington Arcade opens in London. March 23 – In Mannheim, Duchy of Baden, German dramatist August von Kotzebue is assassinated by Karl Ludwig Sand.

April 6–June 21 – French slave ship Le Rodeur sails from Bonny in West Africa to Guadeloupe in the West Indies; in the course of the transatlantic voyage many onboard become blind, and thirty slaves are thrown overboard as a consequence. April 7 (N. S.) (March 26 O. S.) – The Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire emancipates its peasants from serfdom. May 22 – The leaves port at Savannah, Georgia, on a voyage to become the first steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean, although only a fraction of the trip will be made under steam. The ship arrives at Liverpool, England, nearly a month later, on June 20. May 22 – The city of Memphis, Tennessee, is founded. June 16 – The 7.7–8.2 Rann of Kutch earthquake kills at least 1,543 people in the modern day Indian state of Gujarat at the Arabian Sea, causing an stretch of land to be raised as much as , creating a natural dam, the Allahbund.

July 1 – German astronomer Johann Georg Tralles discovers what will be called the Great Comet of 1819. July 21 – Explorer William Parry, sailing in the Arctic in a quest for the Northwest Passage through North America, guides the ships HMS Hecla and HMS Griper through an iceberg laden passage that will later be named the Parry Channel. July 24 – A cabinet meeting is convened by British Prime Minister Lord Liverpool to discuss an investigative report of an adulterous affair involving the wife of George, Prince of Wales and regent for his ailing father. Despite reports that Princess Caroline is involved with her servant, Bartolomeo Pergami, the cabinet concludes that the trial of Caroline for adultery would be an embarrassment to the nation. July 30 – At Edwardsville, Illinois, the United States concludes a treaty with the Kickapoo tribe, receiving their lands in return for their relocation to Missouri. August 2 – Hep Hep riots, communal pogroms against Ashkenazi Jews in the German Federation begin at Würzburg in Bavaria; they continue until October with many Jews killed. August 6 – Norwich University is founded by Captain Alden Partridge in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States. August 7 – Battle of Boyacá: Simón Bolívar is victorious over the Royalist Army in Colombia. Colombia acquires its definitive independence from Spanish rule. August 16 – Peterloo Massacre: The cavalry charges into a crowd of radical protesters in Manchester, England, resulting in 15 deaths and over 600 injuries. Unknown day of September – the 1819 Balloon riot. September 20 – The Carlsbad Decrees are issued throughout the German Confederation, suppressing liberal and nationalist views.

Denis Johnson invents the kick scooter. The city of Fernandina de Jagua (later Cienfuegos) is founded in Cuba. A British Arctic expedition under William Parry, comprising HMS Hecla and HMS Griper, reaches longitude 112°51' W in the Northwest Passage, the furthest west which will be attained by any single season voyage for 150 years. The African Slave Trade Patrol is founded, to stop the slave trade on the coast of West Africa.

Alexandru G. Golescu, 11th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1881)
Mary Jane Richardson Jones, American abolitionist and suffragist (d. 1909)

Mariano Osorio, Governor of Chile (b. 1777)
Franciszek Ksawery Branicki, Polish nobleman (b. c. 1730)