Введение
Линейный корабль Королевского флота HMS Bellona был 74-пушечным кораблем третьего ранга. Спроектированный сэром Томасом Слэйдом, он стал прототипом для знаменитых 74-пушечных кораблей второй половины XVIII века. "Конструкция класса Bellona никогда не повторялась в точности, но Слэйд несколько экспериментировал с обводами, и классы , , и были почти идентичны по размерам, планировке и конструкции, имея лишь незначительные различия в форме подводной части корпуса. также был похож, но немного больше. Таким образом, более сорока кораблей были близки к Bellona по проекту". Bellona был построен в Чатеме.
HMS Bellona was a 74 gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Designed by Sir Thomas Slade, she was a prototype for the iconic 74 gun ships of the latter part of the 18th century. "The design of the Bellona class was never repeated precisely, but Slade experimented slightly with the lines, and the , , , and classes were almost identical in size, layout, and structure, and had only slight variations in the shape of the underwater hull. The was also similar, but slightly larger. Thus over forty ships were near sisters of the Bellona." Bellona was built at Chatham,
Bellona left to join the squadron blockading Brest (this being the Seven Years' War) on 8 April 1760. She was later detached to patrol off the Tagus River in Spain, and on 13 August, while sailing with the frigate , she sighted the French 74 gun ship French ship Courageux in company with two frigates. The British ships pursued, and after 14 hours, caught up with the French ships and engaged them at the Battle of Cape Finisterre (1761), the Brilliant attacking the frigates, and Bellona taking on the Courageux. The frigates eventually got away, but the Courageux struck her colours, and was later repaired and taken into the Royal Navy. In 1762 Bellona was paid off and did not see action again until 1780, when on 30 December, under command of Captain Richard Onslow, along with Captain Taylor Penny on they captured the 54 gun Dutch ship Princess Carolina. She then from 1781 saw action during the American Revolutionary War. She was coppered at this time, one of the first British ships to receive the hull protecting layer. Until 1783 she cruised in the North Sea and the West Indies, and participated in reliefs of Gibraltar. Bellona was once again paid off, recommissioned briefly in 1789 in expectation of war with Russia, but did not get into action again until 1793, when she went to the West Indies. On 10 January 1797, Bellona and drove a small French privateer schooner ashore on Deseada. They tried to use the privateer Legere, of six guns and 48 men, which Bellona had captured three days earlier, to retrieve the schooner that was on shore. In the effort, both French privateers were destroyed. Then Babet chased a brig, which had been a prize to the schooner, ashore. The British were unable to get her off so they destroyed her. Babet and Bellona were paid Prize money in 1828, more than 30 years later. Bellona took part in the action of 18 June 1799, securing the surrender of the frigates French frigate Junon and French frigate Alceste, and helping in capturing French frigate Courageuse. In 1801 she was in the Battle of Copenhagen, participating despite having grounded on a shoal. She continued to serve in the North Sea and Bay of Biscay until 1814, when she paid off for the last time and was broken up, having served in the navy for over 50 years, an unusually long time for one of the old wooden ships.
8 апреля 1760 года Bellona вышел в море, чтобы присоединиться к эскадре, блокирующей Брест (во время Семилетней войны). Позже он был направлен для патрулирования устья реки Тахо в Испании, и 13 августа, находясь в сопровождении фрегата , он обнаружил французский 74-пушечный корабль Courageux в компании с двумя фрегатами. Британские корабли преследовали французов и через 14 часов настигли их, вступив в бой в битве у мыса Финистерре (1761), где Brilliant атаковал фрегаты, а Bellona – Courageux. Фрегатам удалось уйти, но Courageux спустил флаг и впоследствии был отремонтирован и принят в Королевский флот. В 1762 году Bellona был выведен в резерв и вновь вступил в строй только в 1780 году. 30 декабря, под командованием капитана Ричарда Онслоу и капитана Тейлора Пенни на , они захватили 54-пушечный голландский корабль Princess Carolina. С 1781 года Bellona участвовал в боевых действиях во время Американской войны за независимость. В это время корабль был обшит медью, став одним из первых британских кораблей, получивших защитное покрытие корпуса. До 1783 года он крейсировал в Северном море и Вест-Индии, участвуя в снятии блокады Гибралтара. Bellona вновь был выведен в резерв, затем в 1789 году вновь введен в строй в ожидании войны с Россией, но снова вступил в бой только в 1793 году, когда был отправлен в Вест-Индию. 10 января 1797 года Bellona и выгнали небольшую французскую каперскую шхуну на берег у острова Десада. Они попытались использовать захваченный три дня назад французский капер Legere, вооруженный шестью орудиями и экипажем в 48 человек, чтобы поднять шхуну с мели. В результате обе французские шхуны были уничтожены. Затем Babet преследовал бриг, который ранее был взят шхуной в качестве приза, и выбросил его на берег. Британцам не удалось снять его с мели, поэтому они его уничтожили. Бабет и Bellona получили денежную награду в 1828 году, более чем через 30 лет. Bellona участвовал в сражении 18 июня 1799 года, обеспечив капитуляцию французских фрегатов Junon и Alceste и оказав помощь в захвате французского фрегата Courageuse. В 1801 году он участвовал в битве при Копенгагене, несмотря на то, что сел на мель. Он продолжал службу в Северном море и Бискайском заливе до 1814 года, когда был окончательно выведен в резерв и разобран на слом, прослужив в Королевском флоте более 50 лет – необычно долгий срок для одного из старых деревянных кораблей.
HMS Bellona was a 74 gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. Designed by Sir Thomas Slade, she was a prototype for the iconic 74 gun ships of the latter part of the 18th century. "The design of the Bellona class was never repeated precisely, but Slade experimented slightly with the lines, and the , , , and classes were almost identical in size, layout, and structure, and had only slight variations in the shape of the underwater hull. The was also similar, but slightly larger. Thus over forty ships were near sisters of the Bellona." Bellona was built at Chatham,
Bellona left to join the squadron blockading Brest (this being the Seven Years' War) on 8 April 1760. She was later detached to patrol off the Tagus River in Spain, and on 13 August, while sailing with the frigate , she sighted the French 74 gun ship French ship Courageux in company with two frigates. The British ships pursued, and after 14 hours, caught up with the French ships and engaged them at the Battle of Cape Finisterre (1761), the Brilliant attacking the frigates, and Bellona taking on the Courageux. The frigates eventually got away, but the Courageux struck her colours, and was later repaired and taken into the Royal Navy. In 1762 Bellona was paid off and did not see action again until 1780, when on 30 December, under command of Captain Richard Onslow, along with Captain Taylor Penny on they captured the 54 gun Dutch ship Princess Carolina. She then from 1781 saw action during the American Revolutionary War. She was coppered at this time, one of the first British ships to receive the hull protecting layer. Until 1783 she cruised in the North Sea and the West Indies, and participated in reliefs of Gibraltar. Bellona was once again paid off, recommissioned briefly in 1789 in expectation of war with Russia, but did not get into action again until 1793, when she went to the West Indies. On 10 January 1797, Bellona and drove a small French privateer schooner ashore on Deseada. They tried to use the privateer Legere, of six guns and 48 men, which Bellona had captured three days earlier, to retrieve the schooner that was on shore. In the effort, both French privateers were destroyed. Then Babet chased a brig, which had been a prize to the schooner, ashore. The British were unable to get her off so they destroyed her. Babet and Bellona were paid Prize money in 1828, more than 30 years later. Bellona took part in the action of 18 June 1799, securing the surrender of the frigates French frigate Junon and French frigate Alceste, and helping in capturing French frigate Courageuse. In 1801 she was in the Battle of Copenhagen, participating despite having grounded on a shoal. She continued to serve in the North Sea and Bay of Biscay until 1814, when she paid off for the last time and was broken up, having served in the navy for over 50 years, an unusually long time for one of the old wooden ships.
Беллона в художественной литературе
Беллона появляется в романах Патрика О'Брайана "Коммодор" и "Желтый адмирал" как флагманский корабль эскадры под командованием Джека Обри.