Ключевые события мировой истории

29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. 554 – Emperor Justinian I rewards Liberius for his service in the Pragmatic Sanction, granting him extensive estates in Italy. 582 – Maurice becomes Emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 871 – Emperor Louis II of Italy and Empress Engelberga are captured by Prince Adelchis of Benevento. 900 – Count Reginar I of Hainault rises against Zwentibold of Lotharingia and slays him near present day Susteren. 1099 – Raniero is elected as Pope Paschal II, who would become deeply entangled in the Investiture Controversy. 1516 – The Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain is signed. Francis I of France recognizes Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, recognizes Francis's claim to Milan. 1521 – After an extended siege, forces led by Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés capture Tlatoani Cuauhtémoc and conquer the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. 1532 – Union of Brittany and France: The Duchy of Brittany is absorbed into the Kingdom of France. 1536 – Buddhist monks from Kyoto, Japan's Enryaku ji temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in what will be known as the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. 1553 – Michael Servetus is arrested by John Calvin in Geneva, Switzerland as a heretic.

1624 – The French king Louis XIII appoints Cardinal Richelieu as prime minister. 1645 – Sweden and Denmark sign Peace of Brömsebro. 1650 – Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards. 1704 – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim: English and Imperial forces are victorious over French and Bavarian troops. 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Royal Navy defeats the Penobscot Expedition with the most significant loss of United States naval forces prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor. 1792 – King Louis XVI of France is formally arrested by the National Tribunal, and declared an enemy of the people. 1806 – Battle of Mišar during the Serbian Revolution begins. The battle ends two days later with a Serbian victory over the Ottomans. 1814 – The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Netherlands, is signed in London, England. 1868 – The 8.5–9.0 Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand. 1889 – William Gray of Hartford, Connecticut is granted United States Patent Number 408,709 for "Coin controlled apparatus for telephones." 1898 – Spanish–American War: Spanish and American forces engage in a mock battle for Manila, after which the Spanish commander surrendered in order to keep the city out of Filipino rebel hands. 1898 – Carl Gustav Witt discovers 433 Eros, the first near Earth asteroid to be found. 1900 – The steamer Deutschland of Hamburg America Lines set a new record for the eastward passage when it docked on Plymouth, England, five days, 11 hours and 45 minutes after sailing from New York, breaking by three hours, six minutes its previous mark in its maiden voyage in July.

1905 – Norwegians vote to end the union with Sweden. 1906 – The all black infantrymen of the U. S. Army's 25th Infantry Regiment are accused of killing a white bartender and wounding a white police officer in Brownsville, Texas, despite exculpatory evidence; all are later dishonorably discharged. (Their records were later restored to reflect honorable discharges but there were no financial settlements.) 1913 – First production in the UK of stainless steel by Harry Brearley. 1918 – Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha May Johnson is the first woman to enlist. 1918 – Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany. 1920 – Polish–Soviet War: The Battle of Warsaw begins and will last till August 25. The Red Army is defeated. 1937 – Second Sino Japanese War: The Battle of Shanghai begins. 1942 – Major General Eugene Reybold of the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers authorizes the construction of facilities that would house the "Development of Substitute Materials" project, better known as the Manhattan Project. 1944 – World War II: German troops begin the pillage and razing of Anogeia in Crete that would continue until September 5. 1954 – Radio Pakistan broadcasts the "Qaumī Tarāna", the national anthem of Pakistan for the first time. 1960 – The Central African Republic declares independence from France. 1961 – Cold War: East Germany closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West, and construction of the Berlin Wall is started. The day is known as Barbed Wire Sunday. 1964 – Peter Allen and Gwynne Evans are hanged for the murder of John Alan West becoming the last people executed in the United Kingdom. 1967 – Two young women became the first fatal victims of grizzly bear attacks in the 57 year history of Montana's Glacier National Park in separate incidents. 1968 – Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel Georgios Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens. 1969 – The Apollo 11 astronauts enjoy a ticker tape parade in New York City. That evening, at a state dinner in Los Angeles, they are awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U. S. President Richard Nixon. 1973 – Aviaco Flight 118 crashes on approach to A Coruña Airport in A Coruña, Spain, killing 85. 1977 – Members of the British National Front (NF) clash with anti NF demonstrators in Lewisham, London, resulting in 214 arrests and at least 111 injuries. 1978 – One hundred fifty Palestinians in Beirut are killed in a terrorist attack during the second phase of the Lebanese Civil War. 1990 – A mainland Chinese fishing boat Min Ping Yu No. 5202 is hit by a Taiwanese naval vessel and sinks in a repatriation operation of mainland Chinese immigrants, resulting in 21 deaths. This is the second tragedy less than a month after Min Ping Yu No. 5540 incident. 2004 – One hundred fifty six Congolese Tutsi refugees are massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi. 2008 – Russo Georgian War: Russian units occupy the Georgian city of Gori. 2015 – At least 76 people are killed and 212 others are wounded in a truck bombing in Baghdad, Iraq. 2020 – Israel–United Arab Emirates relations are formally established.

985 – Al Hakim bi Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (d. 1021)
1311 – Alfonso XI, king of Castile and León (d. 1350)
1567 – Samuel de Champlain, French explorer (d. 1635)
1584 – Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Cumberland (d. 1640)
1592 – William, Count of Nassau Siegen, German count, field marshal of the Dutch State Army (d. 1642)

1625 – Rasmus Bartholin, Danish physician, mathematician, and physicist (d. 1698)
1662 – Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of Somerset, English politician, Lord President of the Council (d. 1748)
1666 – William Wotton, English linguist and scholar (d. 1727)
1700 – Heinrich von Brühl, Polish German politician (d. 1763)
1717 – Louis François, Prince of Conti (d. 1776)
1756 – James Gillray, English caricaturist and printmaker (d. 1815)
1764 – Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers, French general (d. 1813)
1790 – William Wentworth, Australian journalist, explorer, and politician (d. 1872)
1803 – Vladimir Odoyevsky, Russian philosopher and critic (d. 1869)
1814 – Anders Jonas Ångström, Swedish physicist and astronomer (d. 1874)
1818 – Lucy Stone, American abolitionist and suffragist (d. 1893)
1819 – Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Anglo Irish mathematician and physicist (d. 1903)
1820 – George Grove, English musicologist and historian (d. 1900)
1823 – Goldwin Smith, English Canadian historian and journalist (d. 1910)
1824 – John J. Robison, American politician in Michigan (d. 1897)
1831 – Salomon Jadassohn, German pianist and composer (d. 1902)
1841 – Johnny Mullagh, Australian cricketer (d. 1891)
1842 – Charles Wells, English brewer, founded Charles Wells Ltd (d. 1914)
1849 – Leonora Barry, Irish born American social activist (d. 1930)
1851 – Felix Adler, German American religious leader and educator (d. 1933)
1860 – Annie Oakley, American target shooter (d. 1926)
1866 – Giovanni Agnelli, Italian businessman, founded Fiat S. p. A. (d. 1945)
1867 – George Luks, American painter and illustrator (d. 1933)
1871 – Karl Liebknecht, German politician, co founded Communist Party of Germany (d. 1919)
1872 – Richard Willstätter, German Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 1942)
1879 – John Ireland, English composer and educator (d. 1962)
1884 – Harry Dean, English cricketer and coach (d. 1957)
1888 – John Logie Baird, Scottish engineer, invented the television (d. 1946)
1888 – Gleb W. Derujinsky, Russian American sculptor (d. 1975)
1889 – Camillien Houde, Canadian lawyer and politician, 34th Mayor of Montreal (d. 1958)
1895 – István Barta, Hungarian water polo player (d. 1948)
1895 – Bert Lahr, American actor (d. 1967)
1898 – Jean Borotra, French tennis player (d. 1994)
1898 – Regis Toomey, American actor (d. 1991)
1899 – Alfred Hitchcock, English American director and producer (d. 1980)
1899 – José Ramón Guizado, Panamanian politician, 17th President of Panama (d. 1964)

1608 – Giambologna, Italian sculptor (b. 1529)
1617 – Johann Jakob Grynaeus, Swiss clergyman and theologian (b. 1540)
1667 – Jeremy Taylor, Irish bishop and saint (b. 1613)
1686 – Louis Maimbourg, French priest and historian (b. 1610)
1721 – Jacques Lelong, French priest and author (b. 1665)
1744 – John Cruger, Danish American businessman and politician, 39th Mayor of New York City (b. 1678)
1749 – Johann Elias Schlegel, German poet and critic (b. 1719)
1766 – Margaret Fownes Luttrell, English painter (b. 1726)
1795 – Ahilyabai Holkar, Queen of Indore (b. 1725)
1826 – René Laennec, French physician, invented the stethoscope (b. 1781)
1863 – Eugène Delacroix, French painter and lithographer (b. 1798)
1865 – Ignaz Semmelweis, Hungarian physician and obstetrician (b. 1818)
1900 – Collis Potter Huntington, American railway magnate (b. 1821)

1910 – Florence Nightingale, Italian English nurse and theologian (b. 1820)
1912 – Jules Massenet, French composer (b. 1842)
1917 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1860)
1934 – Mary Hunter Austin, American author and playwright (b. 1868)
1937 – Sigizmund Levanevsky, Soviet aircraft pilot of Polish origin (b. 1902)
1946 – H. G. Wells, English novelist, historian, and critic (b. 1866)
1954 – Demetrius Constantine Dounis, Greek violinist and mandolin player (b. 1886)
1958 – Francis J. McCormick, American football, basketball player, and coach (b. 1903)
1963 – Louis Bastien, French cyclist and fencer (b. 1881)
1965 – Hayato Ikeda, Japanese lawyer and politician, 58th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1899)
1971 – W. O. Bentley, English race car driver and engineer, founded Bentley Motors Limited (b. 1888)
1974 – Ida McNeil, American broadcaster and designer of the flag of South Dakota (b. 1888)
1975 – Murilo Mendes, Brazilian poet and telegrapher (b. 1901)
1978 – Lonnie Mayne, American wrestler (b. 1944)
1979 – Andrew Dasburg, American painter and sculptor (b. 1887)
1984 – Tigran Petrosian, Georgian Armenian chess player (b. 1929)
1986 – Helen Mack, American actress (b. 1913)
1989 – Tim Richmond, American race car driver (b. 1955)
1989 – Larkin I. Smith, American police officer and politician (b. 1944)
1991 – James Roosevelt, American general and politician (b. 1907)
1995 – Alison Hargreaves, English mountaineer (b. 1963)
1995 – Jan Křesadlo, Czech English psychologist and author (b. 1926)
1995 – Mickey Mantle, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1931)
1996 – António de Spínola, Portuguese general and politician, 14th President of Portugal (b. 1910)
1998 – Nino Ferrer, Italian French singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1934)
1998 – Edward Ginzton, Ukrainian American physicist and academic (b. 1915)
1998 – Julien Green, American author (b. 1900)
1998 – Rafael Robles, Dominican American baseball player (b. 1947)
1999 – Ignatz Bubis, German Jewish religious leader (b. 1927)
1999 – Jaime Garzón, Colombian journalist and lawyer (b. 1960)
2000 – Nazia Hassan, Pakistani singer songwriter (b. 1965)
2001 – Otto Stuppacher, Austrian race car driver (b. 1947)
2001 – Jim Hughes, American baseball player and manager (b. 1923)
2001 – Betty Cavanna, American author (b. 1909)
2003 – Ed Townsend, American singer songwriter and producer (b. 1929)
2004 – Julia Child, American chef, author, and television host (b. 1912)
2005 – Miguel Arraes, Brazilian lawyer and politician (b. 1916)
2005 – David Lange, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1942)
2006 – Tony Jay, English actor and singer (b. 1933)
2006 – Jon Nödtveidt, Swedish musician (b. 1975)
2007 – Brian Adams, American wrestler (b. 1964)
2007 – Brooke Astor, American philanthropist and socialite (b. 1902)
2007 – Phil Rizzuto, American baseball player and sportscaster (b. 1917)
2008 – Henri Cartan, French mathematician and academic (b. 1904)
2008 – Bill Gwatney, American politician (b. 1959)
2008 – Jack Weil, American businessman (b. 1901)
2009 – Lavelle Felton, American basketball player (b. 1980)
2010 – Panagiotis Bachramis, Greek footballer (b. 1976)
2010 – Lance Cade, American wrestler (b. 1981)
2010 – Edwin Newman, American journalist and author (b. 1919)
2011 – Tareque Masud, Bangladeshi director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1957)
2011 – Mishuk Munier, Bangladeshi journalist and cinematographer (b. 1959)
2012 – Hugo Adam Bedau, American philosopher and academic (b. 1926)
2012 – Helen Gurley Brown, American journalist and author (b. 1922)
2012 – Ray Jordon, Australian cricketer and coach (b. 1937)
2012 – Johnny Pesky, American baseball player and manager (b. 1919)
2012 – Joan Roberts, American actress and singer (b. 1917)
2013 – Lothar Bisky, German politician (b. 1941)
2013 – Aaron Selber, Jr., American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1927)
2013 – Jean Vincent, French footballer and manager (b. 1930)
2014 – Frans Brüggen, Dutch flute player and conductor (b. 1934)
2014 – Eduardo Campos, Brazilian politician, 14th Brazilian Minister of Science and Technology (b. 1965)
2014 – Martino Finotto, Italian race car driver (b. 1933)
2014 – Süleyman Seba, Turkish footballer and manager (b. 1926)
2015 – Watban Ibrahim al Tikriti, Iraqi politician, Iraqi Minister of Interior (b. 1952)
2015 – Bob Fillion, Canadian ice hockey player and manager (b. 1920)
2015 – Om Prakash Munjal, Indian businessman and philanthropist, co founded Hero Cycles (b. 1928)
2016 – Kenny Baker, English actor and musician (b. 1934)
2016 – Pramukh Swami Maharaj, Indian Hindu leader (b. 1921)
2018 – Jim Neidhart, American wrestler (b. 1955)
2021 – Nanci Griffith, American singer songwriter (b. 1953)