Клинт Болик: Биография и карьера американского судьи.

American judge (born 1957)

Clint Bolick (born December 26, 1957) is a justice of the Arizona Supreme Court. Previously, he served as Vice President of Litigation at the conservative/libertarian Goldwater Institute. He co founded the libertarian Institute for Justice, where he was the Vice President and Director of Litigation from 1991 until 2004. He led two cases that went before the Supreme Court of the United States. He has also defended state based school choice programs in the Supreme Courts of Wisconsin and Ohio.

Bolick was born on December 26, 1957 in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Bolick grew up in nearby Hillside, New Jersey and graduated from Hillside High School in 1975. He graduated from Drew University]in 1979 and received his Juris Doctor from the University of California Davis School of Law in 1982. As a law student, he supported laws and legal rulings that knocked down racial discrimination (calling Brown v. Board of Education a "triumph of the principle of equality"), and was a vocal opponent of Affirmative Action based admission policies. In 1980, he ran as a Libertarian for a seat in the California State Assembly. He lost to an incumbent Democrat but garnered 7.1% of the vote. (In that election, the Libertarian presidential ticket earned about 1% of the vote nationwide.)

In 1982, he joined a public interest law firm, the Mountain States Legal Foundation in Denver, Colorado. He was hired by the foundation's acting president, William H. "Chip" Mellor. In 1984, Mellor left the organization over a conflict with one of the foundation's sponsors.) Thomas helped convince him that removing economic barriers for the poor was more important than fighting race based "reverse discrimination." In 1991, he would support adding punitive damages to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. He explained "It seemed to me that if you didn't want quotas, you had to have tough remedies and punitive damages against recalcitrant discriminators That very much came out of Thomas." Thomas also shaped his preferred remedy for inequality: removing laws and regulations he viewed as preventing the poor from starting small businesses. Thomas did this in part by telling Bolick about his grandfather, who began with a hand built pushcart and built a profitable delivery service that comfortably supported his family, only to encounter threats from regulations designed to destroy Black owned businesses. While working for the Landmark Legal Foundation, he defended the first Wisconsin school voucher program in court. He supported Thomas during his confirmation hearings for the Supreme Court. On July 31, 1991, about 45 people from Thomas' hometown of Pin Point, Georgia visited Washington to show support for the nominee. At the time, Bolick told The Washington Post that the Landmark Center for Civil Rights raised $3,000 to pay for bus rental and contributed another $1,100 for hotel charges.

In 1991, Bolick and Chip Mellor (his former boss from the Mountain States Legal Foundation) co founded the Institute for Justice with funding from billionaire Charles Koch. He was the Vice President and Director of Litigation from 1991 until 2004. The organization litigates on behalf of small businesses faced with regulations that it views as unjustified or anti competitive. It also promotes school choice, property rights, and free speech. Bolick and the institute were active in defending a Cleveland, Ohio school voucher program, which was declared constitutional in a 2002 Supreme Court case, Zelman v. Simmons Harris The court ruled in favor of a Cincinnati, Ohio school voucher program, allowing the use of public money to pay tuition at private and parochial schools. He led the case Swedenburg v. Kelly while at the institute. This case was consolidated with Granholm v. Heald and considered by the U. S. Supreme Court in 2005. Bolick argued the case before the court, along with attorney Kathleen Sullivan. The court struck down regulatory barriers to direct interstate shipment of wine to consumers. In April 1993, he wrote an op ed for The Wall Street Journal opposing two appointments by the Clinton administration (Lani Guinier to assistant attorney general for civil rights and Norma V. Cantu to assistant secretary for civil rights in the Department of Education). The Journal ran the piece under the headline "Clinton's Quota Queens." After the piece was published, he distributed information about Guinier's writings and interpreted them for reporters. He also appeared on Nightline and Crossfire to oppose her appointment. The article and Bolick's subsequent efforts were credited with helping end Guinier's appointment. On June 3, 1993, President Bill Clinton withdrew her nomination. Clinton stated that he had not read Guinier's writings at the time of her nomination, and called some of them "anti democratic". Clinton went on to describe the effort to stop Guinier's appointment as "a campaign of right wing distortion and vilification", and according to press reports referred to Bolick's editorial with "particular scorn". Other critics accused Bolick and conservatives who opposed Guinier of racism and sexism, often citing the phrase "quota queen" as evidence.

In 2004, Bolick joined the Alliance for School Choice, a national non profit educational policy group advocating school choice programs across the United States. He was this organization's first president and general counsel.

In 2007, he became the Vice President for Litigation at the Goldwater Institute when that organization added a litigation group. Bolick helped to draft model legislation known as the 'Health Care Freedom Act' that would prohibit health insurers from accepting federal subsidies under the Affordable Care Act that trigger the employer mandate. Arizona and Oklahoma voters approved a version of the Health Care Freedom Act in their respective November 2010 general elections.} Also in November 2010, voters in Arizona, South Carolina, South Dakota and Utah adopted a measure he drafted called Save Our Secret Ballot, which guarantees workers the right to a secret ballot vote in union organizing elections. In 2012, he was an attorney for a Mesa tattoo parlor that had been denied a business license by the city. The case resulted in the Arizona Supreme Court declaring tattoos Constitutionally protected free speech. Bolick marked his victory by getting a small tattoo of a scorpion on his index finger. On July 30, 2015, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump called for the deportation of all of the estimated 11 million illegal immigrants in the United States. Bolick called Trump's idea "impractical and opposed by a large majority of Americans."

On January 6, 2016, Governor Doug Ducey appointed Bolick to the Arizona Supreme Court.