Домен верхнего уровня США: история и особенности использования (.us)

Internet country code top level domain for the United States
us is the Internet country code top level domain (ccTLD) for the United States. It was established in early 1985. Registrants of us domains must be U. S. citizens, residents, or organizations – or foreign entities with a presence in the United States or any territory of the United States. Most registrants in the U. S. have registered for com, net, org and other gTLDs, instead of us, which has primarily been used by state and local governments, even though private entities may also register us domains. The domain is managed by Registry Services, LLC, a domain name registry, on behalf of the United States Department of Commerce. The us domain is less commonly used by American businesses and enterprises than the more international com.

On February 15, 1985, us was created as the Internet's first ccTLD. Its original administrator was Jon Postel of the Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at the University of Southern California (USC). He administered us under a subcontract that the ISI and USC had from SRI International (which held the us and the gTLD contract with the United States Department of Defense) and later Network Solutions (which held the us and the gTLD contract with the National Science Foundation). Postel and his colleague Ann Westine Cooper codified the us ccTLD's policies in December 1992 as RFC 1386 and revised them the following June in RFC 1480. Registrants could only register third level domains or higher in a geographic and organizational hierarchy. From June 1993 to June 1997, Postel delegated the vast majority of the geographic subdomains under us to various public and private entities. us registrants could register with the delegated manager for the specific zone they wished to register in, but not directly with the us administrator. In July 1997, Postel instituted a "50/500 rule" that limited each delegated manager to 500 localities maximum, 50 in a given state. Postel died that month, leaving his domain administration responsibilities with ISI. In December 2000, these responsibilities were transferred to Network Solutions, which had recently been acquired by Verisign. On October 26, 2001, Neustar was awarded the contract to administer us. On April 24, 2002, second level domains under us became available for registration. One of the first us domain hacks, icio. us, was registered on May 3, 2002, for the creation of the subdomain del. icio. us. A moratorium was placed on additional delegations of locality based namespaces, and Neustar became the default delegate for undelegated localities. Neustar's contract was renewed by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) in 2007 and most recently in 2014. On March 31, 2019, the us registry made it clear that under its Acceptable Use Policy it would not allow the sale of opioids through the us top level domain. In Q2 2020, GoDaddy acquired Neustar's registry business.

The Dot Kids Implementation and Efficiency Act of 2002 established a kids. us second level domain. The general public could register third level domains under kids. us for educational content that met strict requirements, including conformance to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act and adherence to Children's Advertising Review Unit standards. Webpages were prohibited from linking outside the kids. us namespace. On July 27, 2012, in response to declining usage and a petition by Neustar the previous year, the NTIA suspended kids. us registrations. By that time, 651 domains were registered under kids. us, and only five registrants (Nickelodeon, Nick Jr., PBS Kids, the Smithsonian Center for Education and Museum Studies, and Super Fun Sports Inc operating trampoline. kids. us and trampolines. kids. us) were operating active websites.

. as – ccTLD for American Samoa
gu – ccTLD for Guam
mp – ccTLD for Northern Mariana Islands
pr – ccTLD for Puerto Rico
um – Deprecated ccTLD for United States Minor Outlying Islands
vi – ccTLD for United States Virgin Islands

. boston – New gTLD for Boston, Massachusetts
miami – New gTLD for Miami, Florida
nyc – New gTLD for New York City, New York State
vegas – New gTLD for Las Vegas, Nevada