Film4: История британского телеканала кинофильмов

British free to air network devoted to broadcasting films
the British television channel

Film4 is a British free to air public broadcast television channel owned by Channel Four Television Corporation launched on 1 November 1998, devoted to broadcasting films. While its standard definition channel is available on Freeview and Freesat platforms, its high definition variant is offered only as a pay television service. The channel offered an online video on demand service, Film4oD until it was closed in July 2015.

The network has its origins in Channel Four Films, a production company opened by Channel Four Television Corporation in 1982 which has been responsible for backing a large number of films made in the United Kingdom and around the world. The company's first production was Stephen Frears' Walter, which was released in the same year. On 1 November 1998, the production company was re branded as FilmFour to coincide with the launch of a new digital television channel of the same name on both Sky and ONdigital platforms, becoming Channel 4's second network. At its launch, it was a subscription only service costing £6 a month, eventually rising to £7. The launch night (which also broadcasts on Channel 4) was hosted by Johnny Vaughan and the first film to be shown was What's Eating Gilbert Grape, as well as the launch evening also featured its British network television premiere of The Usual Suspects. On 31 March 2000 at 6.00am, the analogue version of FilmFour shut down and later switched to digital.

On 7 April 2001, FilmFour expanded with the launch of three additional digital networks. FilmFour World carried the best of international cinema and broadcast from 4:00pm to 10:00pm, while FilmFour Extreme carried "controversial and cutting edge" movies, and broadcast from 10:00pm 4:00am, both of which operated on a timeshare. The other addition was the timeshift service FilmFour +1, which carried all of the main channel's films an hour later. All three channels were initially exclusive to Sky Digital but were made available on NTL cable from November December 2001. In July 2002, Channel 4 reduced FilmFour's budget from £30 to £10 million and cut 50 staff to curb mounting losses, reintegrating FilmFour as a division of its television operation to continue to invest in new films. The cuts were a consequence of FilmFour's unsuccessful attempts to compete with Hollywood. David Thompson, head of BBC Films described it as:
Also in the same year, Tessa Ross became the head of both FilmFour and Channel 4 drama. On 31 March 2003, Channel 4 announced that FilmFour Extreme and FilmFour World would be replaced with a singular network FilmFour Weekly, on 5 May. FilmFour Weekly was formatted as a "catch up" network, broadcasting three movies across the week at the same time each day. Films that previously broadcast on Extreme and World would move to the regular FilmFour.

On 3 July 2006, Channel 4 announced that FilmFour would relaunch as a free to air network on 23 July, as it would see its addition to Freeview, and begin to air advertisements during films. The channel would also be renamed as Film4, alongside its timeshift service and the production company. The original subscription version of FilmFour and FilmFour +1 closed for the final time on 19 July, with FilmFour Weekly also ceasing broadcast to make way for the relaunch. The new free to air Film4 launched on 23 July at 9pm, with the UK free to air premiere of Lost in Translation as its first film. Due to the change, the channel's availability increased from 300,000 (subscribers) to 18 million households. It also changed its broadcasting hours, broadcasting from 12.45pm to 8.45am. The switch to becoming a free channel meant it also lost the ability to adhere to looser broadcasting regulations regarding content on subscription channels it thus now routinely edits films to make them suitable for pre watershed screenings before 9pm and removes particularly explicit content from the more extreme material it shows after that time. Most post 9pm films are unedited though. Prior to the arrivals of Movie Mix and Movies4Men on the Freeview platform, Film4 was the only free film channel available on digital terrestrial television. On 20 August 2007, Film4 +1 was removed from Freeview to make way for Channel 4 +1. From 23 May 2009, the broadcasting hours were amended to 11.00am to 4.00am, with the downtime hours broadcasting either teleshopping or an animated caption screen stating when the channel will return. On 20 July 2010, a high definition simulcast – Film4 HD launched exclusively on Virgin Media's cable television platform on channel 429, only available on certain packages. On 1 November 2010, Film4 partnered with FilmFlex to launch Film4oD. On 27 August 2013, Film4 +1 returned to Freeview. Film4 HD launched on Sky on 2 September 2013 as a subscription network, requiring Sky's HD package. Film4 HD is not available on Freeview. On 2 September 2014, Film4 debuted a new on air look, designed by Man vs. Machine. There are 15 new idents in the series which run alongside a new on screen presentation. On 26 November 2014, Film4 +1 became available via Freeview HD services only. On 10 January 2019, Film4 +1 was moved from the Freeview HD PSB3 (DVB T2) multiplex to the Freeview PSB2 (DVB T) multiplex, making the service available once again to viewers with non HD Freeview systems and television sets that are incapable of decoding DVB T2 signals. The capacity on PSB2 was made available by the "Sewing Quarter" service moving to Freeview COM6 (DVB T) multiplex operated by Arqiva.