Введение
Кросспостинг — это размещение одного и того же сообщения на нескольких информационных каналах, таких как форумы, списки рассылки или новостные группы. Это отличается от многопостинга, который подразумевает отправку отдельных, идентичных сообщений непосредственно в каждый канал (форум, новостную группу, список электронной почты или тематический раздел). Меры, принимаемые в отношении пользователей, занимающихся кросспостингом, варьируются от простых предупреждений до пожизненного бана. В некоторых случаях, на списках рассылки и форумах, к пользователю может быть применен скрытый бан: его сообщения отправляются обратно ему, как будто они были опубликованы нормально, но остальные подписчики их не видят. Это легко обнаружить, если у забаненного пользователя есть два различных, никак не связанных между собой аккаунта в канале, так что незабаненный аккаунт будет видеть другой набор сообщений, не содержащий постов забаненного аккаунта. Кросспостинг в группы, не имеющие отношения к содержанию сообщения, может рассматриваться как спам. Более того, чрезмерный кросспостинг обычно считается неэтичным поведением, поскольку он увеличивает трафик, не добавляя при этом нового контента. В крайнем случае, если бы все сообщения кросспостились во все списки рассылки или на все форумы, они бы выглядели абсолютно одинаково. Пользователь, занимающийся кросспостингом, может минимизировать эту проблему, указав, что все ответы должны направляться в одну группу.
Crossposting is the act of posting the same message to multiple information channels; forums, mailing lists, or newsgroups. This is distinct from multiposting, which is the posting of separate identical messages, individually, to each channel, (a forum, a newsgroup, an email list, or topic area). Enforcement actions against crossposting individuals vary from simple admonishments up to total lifetime bans. In some cases, on email lists and forums, an individual is put under a stealth ban where their posts are distributed back to them as if they were being distributed normally, but the rest of the subscribers are not sent the messages. This is easily detected if the Stealthed individual has two different, and totally non associated identities in the channel, such that the non stealthed identity will see a different set of messages, lacking the posts of the stealthed individual, in their view of the channel. Crossposting to groups that are irrelevant to the message posted could be considered spamming. Moreover, excessive crossposting is generally considered bad form because it multiplies traffic without adding any new content. In the extreme case, if all messages were crossposted to every email list or forum, then every email list or group would look exactly the same. A crossposter can minimize this problem by specifying that all responses be directed to a single group.
Ссылки на Usenet
В Usenet целевые новостные группы для конкретного сообщения указываются в строке "Newsgroups:". Чаще всего указывается только одна новостная группа. Например:
Newsgroups: sci. space
However, it is possible to specify that the message is intended for more than one newsgroup. Newsgroups: sci. space,comp. simulation
In this case, the message will be visible both in the sci. space and comp. simulation newsgroups. Despite appearing in two separate places, only one message has been posted. This has several advantages. A crossposted message takes up less server storage space, and creates less network traffic, than if individual messages had been posted to multiple newsgroups. Usenet reader software can intelligently track whether or not the user has already viewed the message in one newsgroup, even though they might currently be looking at another newsgroup. If multiple individual messages had been posted (i. e. the message's content was multiposted), each would appear to be a new unread message in each newsgroup. Replies to crossposted messages will be, by default, also crossposted, and so conversations can occur between readers of the multiple newsgroups without any confusion, so long as nobody "breaks the thread" by changing the groups they post their reply to. This enables readers of one of the newsgroups in the crosspost to provide corrections, etc. to information posted by somebody in a different newsgroup. By adding a "Followup To:" line a poster can indicate that answers to his post should be posted to another set of newsgroups than those listed by the "Newsgroups:" line. It avoids the fragmentation of replies which tends to occur with multiposted messages. It helps to avoid time wasted on writing a reply which has, in essence, been posted on another newsgroup but which the replier has not seen because they do not read that newsgroup or have not yet looked there. Crossposting is usually practiced when material is relevant and of interest to the readers of more than one newsgroup. However, sometimes it is used maliciously to begin a thread between newsgroups whose readers are likely to have violently differing opinions, in the hope of provoking a conflict. This is a form of trolling. Crossposting to more than a small number of newsgroups is likely to be counterproductive. A commonly suggested limit is three newsgroups. Some NNTP servers drop posts which are crossposted to more than a set number of newsgroups, especially if no "Followup To:" line exists.
Newsgroups: sci.space
Newsgroups: sci. space
However, it is possible to specify that the message is intended for more than one newsgroup. Newsgroups: sci. space,comp. simulation
In this case, the message will be visible both in the sci. space and comp. simulation newsgroups. Despite appearing in two separate places, only one message has been posted. This has several advantages. A crossposted message takes up less server storage space, and creates less network traffic, than if individual messages had been posted to multiple newsgroups. Usenet reader software can intelligently track whether or not the user has already viewed the message in one newsgroup, even though they might currently be looking at another newsgroup. If multiple individual messages had been posted (i. e. the message's content was multiposted), each would appear to be a new unread message in each newsgroup. Replies to crossposted messages will be, by default, also crossposted, and so conversations can occur between readers of the multiple newsgroups without any confusion, so long as nobody "breaks the thread" by changing the groups they post their reply to. This enables readers of one of the newsgroups in the crosspost to provide corrections, etc. to information posted by somebody in a different newsgroup. By adding a "Followup To:" line a poster can indicate that answers to his post should be posted to another set of newsgroups than those listed by the "Newsgroups:" line. It avoids the fragmentation of replies which tends to occur with multiposted messages. It helps to avoid time wasted on writing a reply which has, in essence, been posted on another newsgroup but which the replier has not seen because they do not read that newsgroup or have not yet looked there. Crossposting is usually practiced when material is relevant and of interest to the readers of more than one newsgroup. However, sometimes it is used maliciously to begin a thread between newsgroups whose readers are likely to have violently differing opinions, in the hope of provoking a conflict. This is a form of trolling. Crossposting to more than a small number of newsgroups is likely to be counterproductive. A commonly suggested limit is three newsgroups. Some NNTP servers drop posts which are crossposted to more than a set number of newsgroups, especially if no "Followup To:" line exists.
Однако можно указать, что сообщение предназначено для нескольких новостных групп. Например:
Newsgroups: sci. space
However, it is possible to specify that the message is intended for more than one newsgroup. Newsgroups: sci. space,comp. simulation
In this case, the message will be visible both in the sci. space and comp. simulation newsgroups. Despite appearing in two separate places, only one message has been posted. This has several advantages. A crossposted message takes up less server storage space, and creates less network traffic, than if individual messages had been posted to multiple newsgroups. Usenet reader software can intelligently track whether or not the user has already viewed the message in one newsgroup, even though they might currently be looking at another newsgroup. If multiple individual messages had been posted (i. e. the message's content was multiposted), each would appear to be a new unread message in each newsgroup. Replies to crossposted messages will be, by default, also crossposted, and so conversations can occur between readers of the multiple newsgroups without any confusion, so long as nobody "breaks the thread" by changing the groups they post their reply to. This enables readers of one of the newsgroups in the crosspost to provide corrections, etc. to information posted by somebody in a different newsgroup. By adding a "Followup To:" line a poster can indicate that answers to his post should be posted to another set of newsgroups than those listed by the "Newsgroups:" line. It avoids the fragmentation of replies which tends to occur with multiposted messages. It helps to avoid time wasted on writing a reply which has, in essence, been posted on another newsgroup but which the replier has not seen because they do not read that newsgroup or have not yet looked there. Crossposting is usually practiced when material is relevant and of interest to the readers of more than one newsgroup. However, sometimes it is used maliciously to begin a thread between newsgroups whose readers are likely to have violently differing opinions, in the hope of provoking a conflict. This is a form of trolling. Crossposting to more than a small number of newsgroups is likely to be counterproductive. A commonly suggested limit is three newsgroups. Some NNTP servers drop posts which are crossposted to more than a set number of newsgroups, especially if no "Followup To:" line exists.
Newsgroups: sci.space,comp.simulation
Newsgroups: sci. space
However, it is possible to specify that the message is intended for more than one newsgroup. Newsgroups: sci. space,comp. simulation
In this case, the message will be visible both in the sci. space and comp. simulation newsgroups. Despite appearing in two separate places, only one message has been posted. This has several advantages. A crossposted message takes up less server storage space, and creates less network traffic, than if individual messages had been posted to multiple newsgroups. Usenet reader software can intelligently track whether or not the user has already viewed the message in one newsgroup, even though they might currently be looking at another newsgroup. If multiple individual messages had been posted (i. e. the message's content was multiposted), each would appear to be a new unread message in each newsgroup. Replies to crossposted messages will be, by default, also crossposted, and so conversations can occur between readers of the multiple newsgroups without any confusion, so long as nobody "breaks the thread" by changing the groups they post their reply to. This enables readers of one of the newsgroups in the crosspost to provide corrections, etc. to information posted by somebody in a different newsgroup. By adding a "Followup To:" line a poster can indicate that answers to his post should be posted to another set of newsgroups than those listed by the "Newsgroups:" line. It avoids the fragmentation of replies which tends to occur with multiposted messages. It helps to avoid time wasted on writing a reply which has, in essence, been posted on another newsgroup but which the replier has not seen because they do not read that newsgroup or have not yet looked there. Crossposting is usually practiced when material is relevant and of interest to the readers of more than one newsgroup. However, sometimes it is used maliciously to begin a thread between newsgroups whose readers are likely to have violently differing opinions, in the hope of provoking a conflict. This is a form of trolling. Crossposting to more than a small number of newsgroups is likely to be counterproductive. A commonly suggested limit is three newsgroups. Some NNTP servers drop posts which are crossposted to more than a set number of newsgroups, especially if no "Followup To:" line exists.
В этом случае сообщение будет видно как в sci.space, так и в comp.simulation. Несмотря на то, что сообщение отображается в двух разных местах, оно было опубликовано только один раз. Это имеет ряд преимуществ. Кросспост-сообщение занимает меньше места на сервере и создает меньше сетевого трафика, чем если бы отдельные сообщения были опубликованы в нескольких новостных группах. Программное обеспечение для чтения Usenet может интеллектуально отслеживать, просматривал ли пользователь сообщение в одной из групп, даже если в данный момент он просматривает другую группу. Если бы было опубликовано несколько отдельных сообщений (то есть контент сообщения был бы мультипостом), каждое из них выглядело бы как новое непрочитанное сообщение в каждой группе новостей. Ответы на кросспост-сообщения по умолчанию также будут кросспостами, что позволяет вести обсуждение между читателями нескольких групп новостей без путаницы, пока никто не "разорвет ветку", изменив группы, в которые он публикует свой ответ. Это позволяет читателям одной из групп в кросспосте вносить исправления и т.д. в информацию, размещенную кем-то в другой группе новостей. Добавляя строку "Followup To:", автор может указать, что ответы на его сообщение должны быть опубликованы в другом наборе новостных групп, чем те, что указаны в строке "Newsgroups:". Это позволяет избежать фрагментации ответов, которая обычно возникает при мультипостинге. Это помогает избежать потери времени на написание ответа, который, по сути, уже был опубликован в другой группе новостей, но который отвечающий не видел, потому что он не читает эту группу новостей или еще не просматривал её. Кросс-постинг обычно используется, когда материал актуален и интересен читателям нескольких новостных групп. Однако иногда он используется злонамеренно, чтобы начать дискуссию между группами новостей, чьи читатели, вероятно, придерживаются резко противоположных точек зрения, в надежде спровоцировать конфликт. Это одна из форм троллинга. Кросс-постинг в большее, чем небольшое количество новостных групп, скорее всего, будет контрпродуктивным. Обычно рекомендуется ограничивать количество групп тремя. Некоторые NNTP-серверы отбрасывают сообщения, которые кросспостятся в большее количество групп, особенно если отсутствует строка "Followup To:".
Newsgroups: sci. space
However, it is possible to specify that the message is intended for more than one newsgroup. Newsgroups: sci. space,comp. simulation
In this case, the message will be visible both in the sci. space and comp. simulation newsgroups. Despite appearing in two separate places, only one message has been posted. This has several advantages. A crossposted message takes up less server storage space, and creates less network traffic, than if individual messages had been posted to multiple newsgroups. Usenet reader software can intelligently track whether or not the user has already viewed the message in one newsgroup, even though they might currently be looking at another newsgroup. If multiple individual messages had been posted (i. e. the message's content was multiposted), each would appear to be a new unread message in each newsgroup. Replies to crossposted messages will be, by default, also crossposted, and so conversations can occur between readers of the multiple newsgroups without any confusion, so long as nobody "breaks the thread" by changing the groups they post their reply to. This enables readers of one of the newsgroups in the crosspost to provide corrections, etc. to information posted by somebody in a different newsgroup. By adding a "Followup To:" line a poster can indicate that answers to his post should be posted to another set of newsgroups than those listed by the "Newsgroups:" line. It avoids the fragmentation of replies which tends to occur with multiposted messages. It helps to avoid time wasted on writing a reply which has, in essence, been posted on another newsgroup but which the replier has not seen because they do not read that newsgroup or have not yet looked there. Crossposting is usually practiced when material is relevant and of interest to the readers of more than one newsgroup. However, sometimes it is used maliciously to begin a thread between newsgroups whose readers are likely to have violently differing opinions, in the hope of provoking a conflict. This is a form of trolling. Crossposting to more than a small number of newsgroups is likely to be counterproductive. A commonly suggested limit is three newsgroups. Some NNTP servers drop posts which are crossposted to more than a set number of newsgroups, especially if no "Followup To:" line exists.