Чэдл-Хулм: История и современность пригорода Манчестера

Suburb of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England

Cheadle Hulme (/,//tʃ//iː//d//əl// /'/h//juː//m/) is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England,. Historically in Cheshire, it is 2 mile (3 km) south west of Stockport and 8 mile (13 km) south east of Manchester. It lies in the Ladybrook Valley, on the Cheshire Plain, and the drift consists mostly of boulder clay, sands and gravels. In 2011, it had a population of 26,479. Evidence of Bronze Age, Roman and Anglo Saxon activity, including coins, jewellery and axes, have been discovered locally. The area was first mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086 when it was a large estate which included neighbouring Cheadle. In the early 14th century, it was split into southern and northern parts at about the future locations of Cheadle Hulme and Cheadle respectively. The area was acquired by the Moseley family in the 17th century and became known as Cheadle Moseley. Unlike many English villages, it did not grow around a church; instead it formed from several hamlets, many of which retain their names as neighbourhoods within Cheadle Hulme. In the late 19th century, Cheadle Hulme was united with Cheadle, Gatley and other neighbouring places to form the urban district of Cheadle and Gatley. This district was abolished in 1974 and Cheadle Hulme became a part of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport. Cheadle Hulme has good transport links, with its own railway station and is in close proximity to Manchester Airport, the M60 motorway and the A34 road.

The Domesday Book provides the earliest mention of the area, where it is recorded as "Cedde", Celtic for "wood". and the modern day Cheadle Road, originally known as Street Lane, may be of Roman origin. A stone cross dedicated to the Anglo Saxon St Chad, uncovered in 1873, indicates Anglo Saxon activity. "Hulme" may have been derived from the Old Norse word for "water meadow" or "island in the fen". According to the Domesday Book in 1086, the modern day Cheadle and Cheadle Hulme were a single large estate. Valued at £20, it was described as "large and important" and "a wood three leagues (about 9 mile (14 km)) long and half as broad". By June 1294 Geoffrey de Chedle was Lord of the Manor. As there were no male heirs the manor, which was now worth £30 per annum, was divided between her daughters, Clemence and Agnes. Clemence inherited the southern half (which would later become the modern day Cheadle Hulme), and Agnes inherited the northern half (latterly Cheadle). Shortly afterwards the Chedle Holme estate was divided and the part where Hulme Hall is now situated became known as "Holme", and held by the Vernons. The estates were reunified on the death of the last of the Vernons in 1476. The tenth died young, so the estate passed to his brother, Thomas Savage. In 1626 Charles I created the title of Viscount Savage for him. On his death the estate passed to his daughter Joan, who later married John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester. Joan died during childbirth at the age of 23, and the estate passed to the Marquess. The Marquess practised Catholicism, and in 1643 the estate was confiscated due to persecution of Catholics in the English Civil War. Cheadle parish went on to become part of the newly formed Cheadle and Gatley district in 1894. The name "Cheadle Moseley" continued to be used for the area, and appeared on tithes and deeds until the 20th century. The area was struck by an F1/T2 tornado on 23 November 1981, as part of the record breaking nationwide tornado outbreak on that day.

Cheadle Hulme was historically part of the ancient parish of Cheadle within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire. It formed the township of Cheadle Moseley. Following the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, part of Cheadle Moseley was amalgamated into the Municipal Borough of Stockport. Established in 1886, Cheadle Hulme's first local authority was the Cheadle and Gatley local board of health, a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation for the area of Stockport Etchells township and the part of Cheadle township outside the Municipal Borough of Stockport. The board of health was also part of Stockport poor law union. In 1888 the board was divided into four wards: Adswood, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme and Gatley. Under the Local Government Act 1894 the area of the local board became Cheadle and Gatley Urban District. There were exchanges of land with the neighbouring urban districts of Wilmslow and Handforth in 1901, and the wards were restructured again, splitting Cheadle Hulme into north and south, and merging in Adswood. Under the Local Government Act 1972 the Cheadle and Gatley Urban District was abolished, and Cheadle Hulme has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. and has been represented by Conservative member Mary Robinson since 2015. Six councillors, three representing Cheadle Hulme South ward and three representing Cheadle Hulme North, serve on the borough council.

At , Cheadle Hulme is in the south of Greater Manchester. Stockport Metropolitan Borough straddles the Cheshire Plain and the Pennines, and Cheadle Hulme is in the west of the borough on the Cheshire Plain. The area lies in the Ladybrook Valley next to the Micker Brook, a tributary of the River Mersey which flows north–west from Poynton through Bramhall and Cheadle Hulme, joining the Mersey in Stockport. The majority of buildings in the area are houses from the 20th century, but there are a few buildings, landmarks, and objects that date from the 16th century, in addition to Bramall Hall which dates from the 14th century. In particular, there are many Victorian buildings in several places across the area. The local drift geology is mostly glacial boulder clay, as well as glacial sands and gravel. For many years the clay has been used for making bricks and tiles. Cheadle Hulme's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowest temperatures of and are slightly above the average for England, while the annual rainfall of and average hours (1,394.5 hours) of sunshine are respectively above and below the national averages.

The Swann Lane, Hulme Hall Road, and Hill Top Avenue conservation area contains 16th and 17th century timber framed buildings, Victorian villas, churches, and some former farmsteads. There are two Grade II listed buildings in this area: Hulme Hall, a timber framed manor house which dates from either the 16th or 17th century, and 1 Higham Street, formerly Hill Cottage, which is of a similar period and style to Hulme Hall. The Church Inn public house, which dates from either the late 18th or early 19th century, is situated on the edge of this area. Oak Meadow Park is a small park on Station Road, with a large grass area and woodland. In the early 2000s it was renovated and refurbished, with new fences, benches and footpaths. The project to maintain and improve the park is a continuous process overseen by a local volunteer group. The park is used for special community events throughout the year. Bruntwood Park has a variety of facilities, including orienteering, an 18 hole, par 3 pitch and putt golf course, children's play areas, football pitches, and a BMX track. Bruntwood Park is also home to The Bowmen of Bruntwood, an archery club. Bruntwood Park is a Grade B Site of Biological Interest, and in 1999 was given a Green Flag Award for its high standards. The land it occupies was once a large estate, which at one time included a stud farm. Bruntwood Hall, a Victorian Gothic building constructed in 1861, has been used for various purposes, including serving as Cheadle and Gatley Town Hall from 1944 until 1959. It is now a hotel and since the 1940s the park has been open to the public. and it was decided that those who died should be commemorated. Various ideas, including a library and clock tower, were suggested and in the end a cenotaph was built on the corner of Ravenoak Road and Manor Road in 1921. It was designed by British architect Arthur Beresford Pite and created by sculptor Benjamin Clemens. Additions for later wars have been made.

Although most of the roads in the area date from the 20th century, there are many older roads formed from ancient routes. Cheadle Road possibly originated in Roman times and Ack Lane (formerly Hack Lane) is named after Hacon, a local Saxon landowner. Hulme Hall Road is named for the landmark it runs through and has existed since at least the 18th century. The A34 Cheadle by pass passes nearby; the A5419 and B5095 roads traverse Cheadle Hulme.

The Crewe to Manchester railway was completed in May 1842 and a railway station known as Cheadle was built opposite the modern day Hesketh Tavern. When the Stafford to Manchester railway opened in 1845, the original station closed and the present Cheadle Hulme railway station was built to accommodate the junction between the two railways. and the station was renamed Cheadle Hulme in 1866. The station has four platforms: two that serve the Crewe to Manchester line and the other two for the Stafford to Manchester line; there are three trains per hour northbound to Manchester Piccadilly, with one train per hour southbound to each of Stoke on Trent, Alderley Edge and Crewe.

Cheadle Hulme is well served by bus routes, which are operated predominantly by Stagecoach Manchester. There are frequent services to and from Stockport and Manchester Piccadilly Gardens, as well as to places such as Bramhall, Cheadle, Grove Lane, Wythenshawe Hospital and Manchester Airport.

Cheadle Hulme is situated near to Manchester Airport, the busiest airport in the United Kingdom outside the London area.

Cheadle Hulme's first school, established in 1785, was named after local grocer Jonathan Robinson, who donated of land on what is now Woods Lane. The school was built on what is now the corner of Woods Lane and Church Road, and was originally for the teaching of four boys and four girls. With the increasing population and the Education Act 1870 All Saints' National School was built across the road in 1873, next to All Saints' Church from which it took its name. Other schools established in the 19th century include the Grove Lane Baptist Day School, built in 1846; Cheadle Hulme School in 1855; the Congregational Church School in the same year; Hulme Hall Grammar School was established in 1928 (has since relocated), Queens Road Primary School opened in 1932, and the school that became Cheadle Hulme High School was built near to the site of the Jonathan Robinson School in the 1930s. The majority of the rest of the schools in the area were established in the 1950s and 1960s, including Cheadle County Grammar School for Girls (built in 1956) which later became Margaret Danyers Sixth Form College, named after the same Danyers who was lady of the manor in the 14th century. The site is now the Cheadle campus of Cheadle and Marple Sixth Form College. In addition to the college, there are nine primary schools, two secondary schools, Cheadle Hulme High School and St. James' Catholic High School, which opened in 1980, three private schools and one special school, Seashell Trust.

The East Cheshire Chess Club is located on Church Road and there are two amateur theatre societies: Players' Dramatic Society on Anfield Road, and Chads Theatre on Mellor Road. Cheadle Hulme Library, which opened on 28 March 1936, is also located on Mellor Road. Cheadle Hulme once had its own cinema named the Elysian Cinema, which was located on Station Road, but this closed in March 1974. As of 2009, the closest cinemas to Cheadle Hulme are approximately 3 mile (5 km) away in Stockport (Red Rock) and the Parrs Wood entertainment centre, both leisure complexes which include restaurants, bars, bowling and fitness facilities. Cheadle Hulme is also home to many public houses and restaurants that serve a variety of cuisine, including Indian, Chinese and Italian. A row of cottages near to the hall served as a meeting place for local Methodists from 1814, before a purpose built chapel was established. A Sunday school was also established in the same place. Manchester Rugby Club is located on Grove Lane in Cheadle Hulme, as is Cheadle Hulme Cricket Club, which was established in 1881, and a squash club. There is also a lacrosse club "Cheadle Hulme Lacrosse Club" which was established in 1893, a badminton club, and a sports club off Turves Road called the Ryecroft Sports Club, which has tennis courts and a bowling green. The Bowmen of Bruntwood (Stockport's only archery club) is situated in Bruntwood Park. The local 11 a side football team 'Cheadle Hulme Athletic' was established in 2009 and is currently playing in Division 2 of the Stockport District Sunday Football League. 'Cheadle Hulme Galaxy FC' was established in 2013 and are currently playing in Division 2 of the Stockport District Sunday Football League.

The oldest reference to Methodist meetings in the area dates to 1786 and regular services took place from the early 19th century when they established their own meeting places with a Methodist church and Sunday school built in 1824. Grove Lane Baptist Church was built in 1840. In 1932 a second Anglican church was built: St Andrew's Church was founded as a daughter church of St Mary's Church, Cheadle. During the Second World War, Roman Catholic services were held in the King's Hall on Station Road, and in 1952 St Ann's Church was opened on Vicarage Avenue. and Emmanuel Church, opened in 1966 near Bruntwood Park, moved to a new building in 2001. and Kirsten Cassidy, best known for playing Tanya Young in Grange Hill. Other notable people from the area include blues musician John Mayall; mathematician Patrick du Val; violinist Jennifer Pike; marine biologist Steven G Wilson, poet Julian Turner; John Davenport Siddeley, a captain of the automobile industry; James Kirk (VC); Dame Felicity Peake, founder of the Women's Royal Air Force; and Stuart Pilkington, a housemate in Big Brother 2008.