Демография и этнический состав населения Бермудских островов

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This is a demography of the population of Bermuda including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population, including changes in the demographic make up of Bermuda over the centuries of its permanent settlement.

The founder population that settled in Bermuda between 1609 and the 1630s was almost entirely English. Typical Bermudian surnames that date to the seventeenth century indicate that the primary area of England from which settlers were sourced during that period was East Anglia and surrounding counties. Examples include Ingham, from Ingham, Lincolnshire, and Trimingham, from the village of Trimingham in Norfolk. This ancestry is shared, today, by both white and black Bermudians (the latter demographic group, as noted above, being made up of individuals of a blend of African, European and Native American ancestry, though not necessarily in that order). A continuous inward flow of immigrants from other parts of the British Isles, other British (or formerly British) territories, and foreign countries has added to the white population over the centuries, including sustained immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands from the 1840s, and numerous Royal Navy and British Army personnel who were discharged and remained in Bermuda to contribute to the permanent population (white and multi racial). The white population (that is, those Bermudians presumed to be entirely of European ancestry) has consequently grown more diverse. No genetic study has as yet been conducted either of or including the white population of Bermuda. Although European ancestry is the largest component of Bermuda's ancestry, and those entirely of European ancestry are by far the largest mono racial group (based on actual ancestry, rather than self identification), whites (and the European ancestry of blacks) are often excluded when Bermuda's source populations are discussed. By example, National Geographic's Genographic Project Reference Population (Geno 2.0 Next Generation) for "Bermudian" (as of 28 June 2020) was described on its website (which was taken offline after 30 June 2020) as "based on samples collected from mixed populations living in Bermuda" (this was not based on a survey of even the mixed, or other than entirely European population, of Bermuda, as no such survey of all of Bermuda has been carried out). In the British West Indian islands (and also in the southern continental colonies that were to become states of the United States of America), the majority of enslaved blacks brought across the Atlantic came from West Africa (roughly between modern Senegal and Ghana). By contrast, very little of Bermuda's original black emigration came (directly or indirectly) from this area. The first blacks to arrive in Bermuda in any numbers were free blacks who came in the mid seventeenth century from Spanish speaking areas of the West Indies, and most of the remainder were recently enslaved Africans captured from the Spanish. Spain was little involved in the trans Atlantic slave trade, instead purchasing enslaved Africans from the Portuguese and Arab slave traders. The Portuguese sourced most of their slaves from South West Africa, through ports in modern day Angola; and the Arabs' slave trading was centred in Zanzibar, in South East Africa. This history has been well understood from the written record, and was confirmed in 2009 by the only genetic survey of Bermuda, which looked exclusively at the black population of St. David's Island (as the purpose of the study was to seek Native American haplogroups, which could be assumed to be absent from the white population) consequently showed that the African ancestry of black Bermudians (other than those resulting from recent immigration from the British West Indian islands) is largely from a band across southern Africa, from Angola to Mozambique, which is similar to what is revealed in Latin America, but distinctly different from the blacks of the British West Indies and the United States. 68% of the mtDNA (maternal) lineages of the black islanders were found to be African, with the two most common being L0a and L3e, which are sourced from populations spread from Central West to South East Africa. These lineages represent less than 5% of the mtDNA lineages of blacks in the United States and the English speaking West Indies. They are, however, common in Brazil and the Spanish speaking countries of Latin America. L3e, by example, is typical of !Kung speaking populations of the Kalahari, as well as of parts of Mozambique and Nigeria. The modern nation where it represents the highest percentage of the population is actually Brazil, where it represents 21% of mtDNA lineages. 31% of the mtDNA lineages of blacks in Bermuda are West Eurasian (European), with J1c being the most common. 1% were Native American. For NRY (paternal) haplogroups among black Bermudians, the study found about a third were made up of three African ones (of which E1b1a, the most common NRY haplogroup in West and Central African populations, "accounted for the vast majority of the African NRY samples (83%)" ), with the remainder (about 64.79%) being West Eurasian excepting one individual (1.88%) with a Native American NRY haplogroup Q1a3a. Of the individuals with European NRY haplogroups, more than half had R1b1b2, which is common in Europe and is found at frequencies over 75% in England and Wales. None of these percentages can be taken as equivalent to the percentage of ancestry in the black population from the specific regions as genetic drift tends to erase minority haplogroups over generations. This explains the near absence of Native American haplogroups despite the hundreds of Native Americans known to have been involuntarily brought to Bermuda in the seventeenth century.

According to the 2016 census the de jure population was 63,779, compared to 64,319 in 2010 and 62,098 in 2000. The estimated mid year population of is (medium fertility scenario of ).

The predominant language on Bermuda is Bermudian English. It exhibits characteristics of British, West Indian, and American English. Perhaps most interesting is its closeness to acrolectal English compared to varieties in the West Indies. British English spellings and conventions are used in print media and formal written communications. Portuguese is also spoken in Bermuda; this is owing to immigration from Portugal, particularly from the Azores, as well as from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands.

Average population (x 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)TFR 1934 29 842 303 53928.710.318.4 1935 30 727 278 44924.39.315.0 1936 30 748 300 44824.79.914.8 1937 31 728 329 39923.710.713.0 1938 31 769 332 43724.710.714.1 1939 32 729 308 42123.19.813.4 1940 32 739 314 42523.29.913.4 1941 32 765 400 36523.712.411.3 1942 33 827 394 43325.312.013.2 1943 33 920 308 61227.89.318.5 1944 34 879 337 54226.110.016.1 1945 34 886 337 54925.99.916.1 1946 35 878 348 53025.310.015.3 1947 351,042 341 70129.69.719.9 1948 36 914 311 60325.58.716.8 1949 37 929 330 59925.59.016.4 1950 371,138 352 78630.79.521.2 1951 381,046 375 67127.79.917.8 1952 381,095 316 77928.48.220.2 1953 391,026 333 69326.18.517.6 1954 401,102 308 79427.57.719.8 1955 411,052 337 71525.78.217.5 1956 411,153 334 81927.88.019.7 1957 421,087 354 73325.88.417.4 1958 431,059 359 70024.68.316.3 1959 441,182 374 80827.08.518.4 1960 451,208 363 84527.38.219.1 1961 461,183 310 87326.67.019.7 1962 461,185 334 85126.67.519.1 1963 471,215 333 88226.77.319.4 1964 481,173 363 81025.27.817.4 1965 491,117 358 75923.57.516.0 1966 501,004 355 64920.77.313.4 1967 50 980 328 65219.86.613.2 1968 51 984 404 58019.58.011.5 1969 51 934 369 56518.27.211.0 1970 521,062 385 67720.37.412.9 1971 521,119 428 69121.38.213.2 1972 531,008 388 62019.27.411.8 1973 53 919 366 55317.46.910.5 1974 54 894 349 54516.96.610.3 1975 54 837 398 43915.87.58.3 1976 55 856 384 47216.07.28.8 1977 55 809 375 43415.17.08.1 1978 55 745 374 37113.97.06.9 1979 55 791 358 43314.76.78.0 1980 54.870 807 397 41014.97.37.6 1981 55.231 777 457 32014.38.45.9 1982 55.667 805 379 42614.76.97.8 1983 56.194 913 398 51516.57.29.3 1984 56.652 840 396 44415.17.18.0 1985 57.145 914 421 49316.37.58.8 1986 57.619 889 415 47415.37.18.1 1987 58.460 899 438 46115.37.57.9 1988 58.731 935 399 53615.86.89.1 1989 59.066 912 462 45015.37.87.6 1990 59.588 895 445 45015.07.47.5 1991 58.460 901 452 44915.07.57.5 1992 58.731 909 462 44715.07.67.4 1993 59.090 821 480 34113.57.95.6 1994 59.550 851 462 38913.97.66.4 1995 59.942 839 423 41613.76.96.8 1996 60.317 833 414 41913.56.76.8 1997 60.678 849 437 41213.77.06.6 1998 61.210 825 505 32013.28.15.1 1999 61.360 828 427 40113.26.86.4 2000 62.310 838 473 36513.37.55.82.11 2001 62.699 831 442 38913.27.06.22.08 2002 63.125 830 404 42613.16.46.72.08 2003 63.525 834 434 40013.16.86.32.09 2004 63.955 831 406 42513.06.46.62.07 2005 64.353 835 437 39813.16.86.32.09 2006 64.693 798 461 33712.57.25.32.01 2007 65.084 859 468 39113.47.36.12.14 2008 65.462 821 443 37812.86.95.92.03 2009 65.811 819 470 34912.77.35.42.02 2010 64.444 769 475 29412.07.44.61.82 2011 64.685 670 429 24110.66.83.81.65 2012 64.911 648 422 22610.46.83.61.59 2013 65.091 648 471 17710.57.62.91.59 2014 65.185 574 478 969.37.81.51.42 2015 65.290 583 478 1058.97.31.61.45 2016 63.826 591 492 919.17.51.61.439 201763.921576481979.27.51.71.400 201863.916 530 533 −38.38.30.01.346201963.906525535 −108.28.4 −0.21.348202063,881541566 −258.48.8 −0.41.413202163.648494727 −2337.711.3 −3.61.3212022481