Введение
Голландская спортсменка, обладательница четырех золотых медалей на Олимпийских играх 1948 года в Лондоне. Франсина Элсье "Фэнни" Бланкерс Коен (Francina Elsje "Fanny" Blankers Koen; 26 апреля 1918 – 25 января 2004) – голландская легкоатлетка, наиболее известная благодаря четырем золотым медалям, завоеванным на летних Олимпийских играх 1948 года в Лондоне. Она выступала там в качестве 30-летней матери двоих детей, за что получила прозвище "Летающая домохозяйка", и стала самой успешной спортсменкой на этих соревнованиях. Ее первое соревнование оказалось неудачным, но в третьей гонке она установила национальный рекорд на 800 м. Фанни Коэн вскоре вошла в состав голландской сборной, хотя и как спринтер, а не бегунья на средние дистанции. В то время 800 м считалось слишком сложным физически для женщин, и эта дисциплина была исключена из олимпийской программы после 1928 года. Коэн постепенно поднималась на вершину. В 1938 году она установила свой первый мировой рекорд (11,0 секунды на 100 ярдов) и выиграла свои первые международные медали. На чемпионате Европы в Вене она завоевала бронзу в беге на 100 и 200 м.
Francina Elsje "Fanny" Blankers Koen (; 26 April 191825 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete, best known for winning four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. She competed there as a 30 year old mother of two, earning her the nickname "the Flying Housewife", and was the most successful athlete at the event. Her first competition was a disappointment, but in her third race, she set a national record in the 800 m. Fanny Koen soon made the Dutch team, although as a sprinter, not a middle distance runner. At that time, 800 m was generally considered too physically demanding for female contestants, and had been removed from the Olympic programme after 1928. Slowly, Koen rose to the top. In 1938, she ran her first world record (11.0 seconds in the 100 yards), and she also won her first international medals. At the European Championships in Vienna, she won the bronze in both the 100 and 200 m,
When Blankers Koen gave birth to her first child, Jan Junior, in 1942, Dutch media automatically assumed her career would be over. During the war, domestic competition in sports continued in German occupied Holland, and Blankers Koen set six new world records between 1942 and 1944. The first came in 1942, when she improved the world mark in the 80 m hurdles. The following year, she did even better. First, she improved the high jump record by an unequalled 5 cm from 1.66 m to 1.71 m in a specially arranged competition in Amsterdam on 30 May. Then, she tied the 100 m world record, but this was never recognised officially, as she competed against men when setting the record. She closed out the season with a new world record in the long jump, 6.25 m on 19 September 1943. The latter record would stand until 1954. Circumstances were not easy, and it became harder to get enough food, especially for an athlete in training. Despite this, Blankers Koen managed to break the world record in May 1944. At the same meet, she ran with the relay team that broke the 4 × world record. The German press was excited, as the previous record had been set by an English team. Months later, she helped break the 4 × 200 m record, which was held by Germany. In an act of defiance, the women wore outfits with national symbols while setting the record. The winter of 1944–45, known as the Hongerwinter (hunger winter), was severe, and there was a great lack of food, especially in the big cities. She gave birth to a daughter, Fanneke, in 1945 and in contrast to her previous post birth activities she took seven months off from sport and only undertook limited training.). Although she displayed her form two months before the Games by beating her own 80 m hurdles world record – one of the six world records that she held at that time After a long talk with her husband, she decided to run anyway, and qualified for the final with great ease. The final, on 6 August, was again held in the pouring rain, but Blankers Koen completed the inaugural Olympic 200 m for women in 24.4, seven tenths of a second ahead of runner up Audrey Williamson – still the largest margin of victory in an Olympic 200 m final. Audrey Patterson placed in third, thereby becoming the first African American woman to win an Olympic medal. The 4 × 100 m final was held on the final day of the track and field competitions. The Dutch team, consisting of Xenia Stad de Jong, Netti Witziers Timmer, Gerda van der Kade Koudijs and Blankers Koen, qualified for the final, but just before the final, Blankers Koen was missing. She had gone out to shop for a raincoat, and arrived just in time for the race. As the last runner, she took over the baton in third place, some five meters behind the Australian and Canadian runners. In spite of a careful and slow exchange, she caught up with the leaders, crossing the line a tenth of a second before the Australian woman. Fanny Blankers Koen won four of the nine women's events at the 1948 Olympics, Dubbed "the flying housewife",
Also, in 1949, she travelled abroad to promote women's athletics, flying to Australia and the United States. Blankers Koen had been chosen the 1948 Helms Athletic Foundation World Trophy Winner for Europe, and in 1949 she travelled to Los Angeles to compete in the Los Angeles Coliseum Relays. In 1950, a controversial episode involving one of Blankers Koen's competitors occurred. A year earlier, a new Dutch sprint talent, Foekje Dillema had made her breakthrough. In 1950, she broke the national record in the 200 m, and some journalists already dubbed her as the "new Fanny". That year, Dillema was the first subject of the International Association of Athletics Federations's mandatory sex verification policy and was subjected to a "sex test", the details of which were never revealed. As a result, she was expelled by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation from athletics for the rest of her life and the 200 m record she took from Blankers Koen was erased. In the years prior to her death, Blankers Koen suffered from Alzheimer's disease and lived in a psychiatric nursing home. She was also deaf. Kooman's book portrays Blankers Koen in a different light, as a woman who found it difficult to show affection and who was driven by a desire to win. Her personal record on the 100 m of 11.5 remained the Amsterdam club record of Phanos for 62 years. It was finally broken in May 2010 by Jamile Samuel.
Когда Бланкерс Коэн родила своего первого ребенка, Яна-младшего, в 1942 году, голландские СМИ автоматически предположили, что ее спортивная карьера окончена. Во время войны в оккупированных немцами Нидерландах спортивные соревнования продолжались, и Бланкерс Коэн установила шесть новых мировых рекордов в период с 1942 по 1944 год. Первый из них был установлен в 1942 году, когда она улучшила мировой рекорд в беге на 80 м с барьерами. В следующем году ей удалось добиться еще большего успеха. Сначала она улучшила рекорд в прыжках в высоту на 5 см – с 1,66 м до 1,71 м – на специально организованных соревнованиях в Амстердаме 30 мая. Затем она сравняла мировой рекорд в беге на 100 м, но он не был официально признан, поскольку она соревновалась с мужчинами при его установлении. Она завершила сезон новым мировым рекордом в прыжках в длину – 6,25 м, 19 сентября 1943 года. Этот рекорд продержался до 1954 года. Обстоятельства были непростыми, и становилось все труднее доставать достаточно еды, особенно для спортсменки, находящейся в тренировочном процессе. Несмотря на это, Бланкерс Коэн сумела побить мировой рекорд в мае 1944 года. На тех же соревнованиях она участвовала в эстафетной команде, которая установила мировой рекорд в эстафете 4 × 100 м. Немецкая пресса была в восторге, поскольку предыдущий рекорд принадлежал английской команде. Через несколько месяцев она помогла побить рекорд в эстафете 4 × 200 м, который принадлежал Германии. В знак протеста женщины надели форму с национальными символами при установлении рекорда. Зима 1944–45 годов, известная как "Гонгервинтер" (голодная зима), была суровой, и ощущался острый недостаток продовольствия, особенно в крупных городах. В 1945 году она родила дочь Фаннеке, и, в отличие от предыдущих родов, взяла семь месяцев перерыва в спорте и проводила лишь ограниченные тренировки. Несмотря на то, что она продемонстрировала свою форму за два месяца до Игр, побив свой собственный мировой рекорд в беге на 80 м с барьерами – один из шести мировых рекордов, которые она тогда удерживала – после долгого разговора с мужем она решила все же участвовать в соревнованиях и с легкостью квалифицировалась в финал. Финал, состоявшийся 6 августа, вновь проходил под проливным дождем, но Бланкерс Коэн завершила первую олимпийскую дистанцию 200 м для женщин за 24,4 секунды, опередив второе место, занятое Одри Уильямсон, на семь десятых секунды – по-прежнему самый большой отрыв в финале олимпийских соревнований на 200 м. Одри Паттерсон заняла третье место, став первой афроамериканкой, завоевавшей олимпийскую медаль. Финал эстафеты 4 × 100 м состоялся в последний день соревнований по легкой атлетике. Голландская команда, состоявшая из Ксении Стад де Йонг, Нетти Витзиерс Тиммер, Герды ван дер Каде Кудис и Бланкерс Коэн, квалифицировалась в финал, но незадолго до финала Бланкерс Коэн пропала. Она вышла за покупкой плаща и прибыла как раз вовремя к гонке. Будучи последней бегуньей, она приняла эстафету на третьем месте, примерно в пяти метрах позади бегуний из Австралии и Канады. Несмотря на осторожную и медленную передачу эстафеты, она догнала лидеров, пересекая финишную черту на десятую долю секунды раньше австралийской спортсменки. Фанни Бланкерс Коэн выиграла четыре из девяти женских дисциплин на Олимпийских играх 1948 года, получив прозвище "Летающая домохозяйка".
Francina Elsje "Fanny" Blankers Koen (; 26 April 191825 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete, best known for winning four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. She competed there as a 30 year old mother of two, earning her the nickname "the Flying Housewife", and was the most successful athlete at the event. Her first competition was a disappointment, but in her third race, she set a national record in the 800 m. Fanny Koen soon made the Dutch team, although as a sprinter, not a middle distance runner. At that time, 800 m was generally considered too physically demanding for female contestants, and had been removed from the Olympic programme after 1928. Slowly, Koen rose to the top. In 1938, she ran her first world record (11.0 seconds in the 100 yards), and she also won her first international medals. At the European Championships in Vienna, she won the bronze in both the 100 and 200 m,
When Blankers Koen gave birth to her first child, Jan Junior, in 1942, Dutch media automatically assumed her career would be over. During the war, domestic competition in sports continued in German occupied Holland, and Blankers Koen set six new world records between 1942 and 1944. The first came in 1942, when she improved the world mark in the 80 m hurdles. The following year, she did even better. First, she improved the high jump record by an unequalled 5 cm from 1.66 m to 1.71 m in a specially arranged competition in Amsterdam on 30 May. Then, she tied the 100 m world record, but this was never recognised officially, as she competed against men when setting the record. She closed out the season with a new world record in the long jump, 6.25 m on 19 September 1943. The latter record would stand until 1954. Circumstances were not easy, and it became harder to get enough food, especially for an athlete in training. Despite this, Blankers Koen managed to break the world record in May 1944. At the same meet, she ran with the relay team that broke the 4 × world record. The German press was excited, as the previous record had been set by an English team. Months later, she helped break the 4 × 200 m record, which was held by Germany. In an act of defiance, the women wore outfits with national symbols while setting the record. The winter of 1944–45, known as the Hongerwinter (hunger winter), was severe, and there was a great lack of food, especially in the big cities. She gave birth to a daughter, Fanneke, in 1945 and in contrast to her previous post birth activities she took seven months off from sport and only undertook limited training.). Although she displayed her form two months before the Games by beating her own 80 m hurdles world record – one of the six world records that she held at that time After a long talk with her husband, she decided to run anyway, and qualified for the final with great ease. The final, on 6 August, was again held in the pouring rain, but Blankers Koen completed the inaugural Olympic 200 m for women in 24.4, seven tenths of a second ahead of runner up Audrey Williamson – still the largest margin of victory in an Olympic 200 m final. Audrey Patterson placed in third, thereby becoming the first African American woman to win an Olympic medal. The 4 × 100 m final was held on the final day of the track and field competitions. The Dutch team, consisting of Xenia Stad de Jong, Netti Witziers Timmer, Gerda van der Kade Koudijs and Blankers Koen, qualified for the final, but just before the final, Blankers Koen was missing. She had gone out to shop for a raincoat, and arrived just in time for the race. As the last runner, she took over the baton in third place, some five meters behind the Australian and Canadian runners. In spite of a careful and slow exchange, she caught up with the leaders, crossing the line a tenth of a second before the Australian woman. Fanny Blankers Koen won four of the nine women's events at the 1948 Olympics, Dubbed "the flying housewife",
Also, in 1949, she travelled abroad to promote women's athletics, flying to Australia and the United States. Blankers Koen had been chosen the 1948 Helms Athletic Foundation World Trophy Winner for Europe, and in 1949 she travelled to Los Angeles to compete in the Los Angeles Coliseum Relays. In 1950, a controversial episode involving one of Blankers Koen's competitors occurred. A year earlier, a new Dutch sprint talent, Foekje Dillema had made her breakthrough. In 1950, she broke the national record in the 200 m, and some journalists already dubbed her as the "new Fanny". That year, Dillema was the first subject of the International Association of Athletics Federations's mandatory sex verification policy and was subjected to a "sex test", the details of which were never revealed. As a result, she was expelled by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation from athletics for the rest of her life and the 200 m record she took from Blankers Koen was erased. In the years prior to her death, Blankers Koen suffered from Alzheimer's disease and lived in a psychiatric nursing home. She was also deaf. Kooman's book portrays Blankers Koen in a different light, as a woman who found it difficult to show affection and who was driven by a desire to win. Her personal record on the 100 m of 11.5 remained the Amsterdam club record of Phanos for 62 years. It was finally broken in May 2010 by Jamile Samuel.
Также в 1949 году она отправилась за границу, чтобы продвигать женскую легкую атлетику, посетив Австралию и Соединенные Штаты. Бланкерс Коэн была удостоена награды Helms Athletic Foundation World Trophy Winner for Europe в 1948 году, и в 1949 году она отправилась в Лос-Анджелес для участия в соревнованиях Los Angeles Coliseum Relays. В 1950 году произошел спорный эпизод с участием одной из соперниц Бланкерс Коэн. За год до этого, в 1949 году, молодая голландская спринтерка Фоекье Диллема заявила о себе. В 1950 году она побила национальный рекорд в беге на 200 м, и некоторые журналисты уже называли ее "новой Фанни". В том же году Диллема стала первым объектом обязательной политики проверки пола Международной ассоциации легкоатлетических федераций и была подвергнута "тесту на пол", результаты которого так и не были обнародованы. В результате она была исключена Королевской голландской федерацией легкой атлетики из спорта пожизненно, а рекорд в беге на 200 м, который она отобрала у Бланкерс Коэн, был аннулирован. В последние годы жизни Бланкерс Коэн страдала болезнью Альцгеймера и жила в психиатрической больнице. Она также была глухой. Книга Кумана изображает Бланкерс Коэн в ином свете – как женщину, которой было трудно проявлять привязанность и которой двигало стремление к победе. Ее личный рекорд на 100 м – 11,5 секунды – оставался рекордом клуба Phanos в Амстердаме в течение 62 лет. В мае 2010 года его побила Жамиле Самуэль.
Francina Elsje "Fanny" Blankers Koen (; 26 April 191825 January 2004) was a Dutch track and field athlete, best known for winning four gold medals at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London. She competed there as a 30 year old mother of two, earning her the nickname "the Flying Housewife", and was the most successful athlete at the event. Her first competition was a disappointment, but in her third race, she set a national record in the 800 m. Fanny Koen soon made the Dutch team, although as a sprinter, not a middle distance runner. At that time, 800 m was generally considered too physically demanding for female contestants, and had been removed from the Olympic programme after 1928. Slowly, Koen rose to the top. In 1938, she ran her first world record (11.0 seconds in the 100 yards), and she also won her first international medals. At the European Championships in Vienna, she won the bronze in both the 100 and 200 m,
When Blankers Koen gave birth to her first child, Jan Junior, in 1942, Dutch media automatically assumed her career would be over. During the war, domestic competition in sports continued in German occupied Holland, and Blankers Koen set six new world records between 1942 and 1944. The first came in 1942, when she improved the world mark in the 80 m hurdles. The following year, she did even better. First, she improved the high jump record by an unequalled 5 cm from 1.66 m to 1.71 m in a specially arranged competition in Amsterdam on 30 May. Then, she tied the 100 m world record, but this was never recognised officially, as she competed against men when setting the record. She closed out the season with a new world record in the long jump, 6.25 m on 19 September 1943. The latter record would stand until 1954. Circumstances were not easy, and it became harder to get enough food, especially for an athlete in training. Despite this, Blankers Koen managed to break the world record in May 1944. At the same meet, she ran with the relay team that broke the 4 × world record. The German press was excited, as the previous record had been set by an English team. Months later, she helped break the 4 × 200 m record, which was held by Germany. In an act of defiance, the women wore outfits with national symbols while setting the record. The winter of 1944–45, known as the Hongerwinter (hunger winter), was severe, and there was a great lack of food, especially in the big cities. She gave birth to a daughter, Fanneke, in 1945 and in contrast to her previous post birth activities she took seven months off from sport and only undertook limited training.). Although she displayed her form two months before the Games by beating her own 80 m hurdles world record – one of the six world records that she held at that time After a long talk with her husband, she decided to run anyway, and qualified for the final with great ease. The final, on 6 August, was again held in the pouring rain, but Blankers Koen completed the inaugural Olympic 200 m for women in 24.4, seven tenths of a second ahead of runner up Audrey Williamson – still the largest margin of victory in an Olympic 200 m final. Audrey Patterson placed in third, thereby becoming the first African American woman to win an Olympic medal. The 4 × 100 m final was held on the final day of the track and field competitions. The Dutch team, consisting of Xenia Stad de Jong, Netti Witziers Timmer, Gerda van der Kade Koudijs and Blankers Koen, qualified for the final, but just before the final, Blankers Koen was missing. She had gone out to shop for a raincoat, and arrived just in time for the race. As the last runner, she took over the baton in third place, some five meters behind the Australian and Canadian runners. In spite of a careful and slow exchange, she caught up with the leaders, crossing the line a tenth of a second before the Australian woman. Fanny Blankers Koen won four of the nine women's events at the 1948 Olympics, Dubbed "the flying housewife",
Also, in 1949, she travelled abroad to promote women's athletics, flying to Australia and the United States. Blankers Koen had been chosen the 1948 Helms Athletic Foundation World Trophy Winner for Europe, and in 1949 she travelled to Los Angeles to compete in the Los Angeles Coliseum Relays. In 1950, a controversial episode involving one of Blankers Koen's competitors occurred. A year earlier, a new Dutch sprint talent, Foekje Dillema had made her breakthrough. In 1950, she broke the national record in the 200 m, and some journalists already dubbed her as the "new Fanny". That year, Dillema was the first subject of the International Association of Athletics Federations's mandatory sex verification policy and was subjected to a "sex test", the details of which were never revealed. As a result, she was expelled by the Royal Dutch Athletics Federation from athletics for the rest of her life and the 200 m record she took from Blankers Koen was erased. In the years prior to her death, Blankers Koen suffered from Alzheimer's disease and lived in a psychiatric nursing home. She was also deaf. Kooman's book portrays Blankers Koen in a different light, as a woman who found it difficult to show affection and who was driven by a desire to win. Her personal record on the 100 m of 11.5 remained the Amsterdam club record of Phanos for 62 years. It was finally broken in May 2010 by Jamile Samuel.
Отдельные соревнования
СобытиеДата выступленияМестоположениеПримечания100 yd10.6 с5 июля 1952Вассенаар100 м11.5 с16 июня 1948Амстердам1948–19521948–1969200 м23.9 с22 сентября 1952Антверпен1952–1967220 yd24.2 с29 июня 1950Брешия1950–1954800 м2:29.0 с22 сентября 1935Амстердам1935–195380 м с препятствиями11.0 с20 июня 1948Амстердам1948–19521948–1963Прыжок в длину6.25 м19 сентября 1943Лейден1943–19541943–1960Прыжок в высоту1.71 м30 мая 1943Амстердам1943–19511943–1966Пятиборье4692 очка15–16 сентября 1951Амстердам1951–19531951–1968
Национальные записи
Дата соревнованияДисциплинаРезультатМесто проведения
800 м2:29.02Сентябрь 1935Амстердам
4 × 100 м (командный зачет)51.014 июня 1936Рейсвейк
10 × 100 м (командный зачет)2:12.614 июня 1936Рейсвейк
4 × 100 м (командный зачет)50.327 июня 1936Амстердам
Эстафета (200–100–80–60 м)59.212 июля 1936Харлем
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)48.48Август 1936Берлин
4 × 100 м (командный зачет)50.16Сентябрь 1936Амстердам
80 м10.029 августа 1937Дотинхем
100 ярдов11.229 августа 1937Дотинхем
Пятиборье335 очков12 сентября 1937Роттердам
100 ярдов11.019 июня 1938Амстердам
60 м7.531 июля 1938Амстердам
Прыжок в длину5.80 м3 июня 1939Митчем, Лондон
Прыжок в длину5.97 м30 июля 1939Берлин
100 м11.920 августа 1939Амстердам
100 м11.726 июля 1942Эйндховен
Прыжок в длину6.00 м26 июля 1942Эйндховен
80 м с барьерами11.713 сентября 1942Лейден
80 м с барьерами11.320 сентября 1942Амстердам
Прыжок в высоту1.71 м30 мая 1943Амстердам
200 м24.527 июня 1943Роттердам
Прыжок в длину6.08 м4 июля 1943Амстердам
Пятиборье339 очков28–29 августа 1943Амстердам
Прыжок в длину6.25 м19 сентября 1943Лейден
100 ярдов10.818 мая 1944Амстердам
4 × 110 ярдов (национальная сборная)48.818 мая 1944Амстердам
4 × 200 м (национальная сборная)1:41.027 августа 1944Хилверсум
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)47.825 августа 1946Осло
200 м24.225 апреля 1948Лион
100 м11.5 †13 июня 1948Амстердам
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)47.713 июня 1948Амстердам
80 м с барьерами11.020 июня 1948Амстердам
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)47.525 июля 1948Рейсвейк
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)47.425 июля 1948Рейсвейк
4 × 110 ярдов (национальная сборная)47.425 июля 1948Рейсвейк
100 ярдов10.827 августа 1948Дублин
4 × 200 м (командный зачет)1:46.64 июня 1950Амстердам
200 м24.122 июля 1950Роттердам
4 × 100 м (командный зачет)48.26 августа 1950Амстердам
200 м24.027 августа 1950Брюссель
4 × 100 м (национальная сборная)47.427 августа 1950Брюссель
Пятиборье4692 очка15–16 сентября 1951Амстердам
10 × 100 м (командный зачет)2:04.11 июля 1952Амстердам
100 ярдов10.65 июля 1952Гаага
200 м23.9 †23 сентября 1952Антверпен
4 × 200 м (командный зачет)1:41.226 июля 1953Амстердам
† Рекорды Бланкерс Коен на дистанциях 100 м (11.4 секунды) и 200 м (23.7 секунды) были установлены на чемпионате Нидерландов по легкой атлетике 1952 года, однако впоследствии аннулированы после того, как было показано, что обрушение близлежащей железнодорожной линии привело к тому, что беговая дорожка имела чрезмерный уклон.
Международные соревнования
Информация из ее профиля в World Athletics, если не указано иное. 1936 Олимпийские игрыБерлин, Германия6-е местоВысокий прыжок1.55 м5-е место4 × 100 м48.8 1938 Чемпионат ЕвропыВена, Австрия3-е место100 м12.0 3-е место200 м24.9 1946 Чемпионат ЕвропыОсло, Норвегия – (полуфинал)100 м4-е местоВысокий прыжок1.57 м1-е место80 м с барьерами11.8 1-е место4 × 100 м47.8 1948 Олимпийские игрыЛондон, Великобритания1-е место100 м11.9 1-е место80 м с барьерами11.2 1-е место200 м24.4 1-е место4 × 100 м47.5 1950 Чемпионат ЕвропыБрюссель, Бельгия1-е место100 м11.7 1-е место80 м с барьерами11.1 1-е место200 м24.0 2-е место4 × 100 м47.4 1952 Олимпийские игрыХельсинки, Финляндия – (полуфинал)100 м – (финал)80 м с барьерами